Mawonekedwe a MP3: ndondomeko, mapulogalamu oti asinthe

Masiku ano, zojambula zambiri zomwe munthu amamvetsera pafupifupi tsiku lililonse zimaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a ma MP3 mafayilo, chifukwa ndizofala kwambiri komanso zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimasungidwa kuti zisungidwe. Chikhalidwe cha deta yamtundu uwu, mbiri ya codec yokha ndi mfundo za kuwerengera tsopano zidzalingaliridwa. Kuphatikizanso apo, mudzapatsidwa momwe mungasinthire mafayilo a MP3 pawonekedwe lina kapena kupanga MP3 kuchokera ku mafayilo a mtundu wosiyana, wosiyana ndi wotchulidwa. Izi zachitika mophweka, komabe, pokhapokha mapulogalamu apadera akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi mtundu wa MP3 ndi wotani?

Mpaka pano, anthu ochepa amaganiza za mawu omwe akuyimira mu mtundu uwu. Momwemonso, ngati simukupita ku nkhalango ya malamulo oyendetsera mauthenga, ndizotheka kunena kuti izi ndizojambula bwino.

Poyamba, mawonekedwe oyambirira omwe mafayilo a nyimbo anali kusungidwa anali WAV. Kudziwa koteroko kunatenga malo ochuluka kwambiri pa disk hard, ndipo pamapeto pake deta iyi sinasokonezeke. Makamaka, zinakhudza nthawi zimenezo pamene nyimbo zinayamba kuikidwa pa intaneti. Panthawiyo kunali kofunika kuyankhulana pamtima pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magwero. Inde, ngati mutembenuza zojambula kuchokera ku WAV kupita ku MP3, malo osungirako malo amapezeka mwamsanga (njirayo imatenga malo osachepera 10, kuphatikizapo, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe atsopanowo ndi momwe mwafotokozera zomwe mungalowemo ngakhale zina zokhudza phokosolo, nenani dzina la wojambula, Njira, album, chaka chomasulidwa, komanso kuika zina mwachinsinsi zofotokozera).

Pachifukwachi, malemba apadera, otchedwa ma tags, ayankheni mu mawonekedwe a fayilo, atatha kudzaza zomwe zonse zikhoza kuwonetsedwa muwindo la osewera.

Mbiri ya zochitika

M'dziko lamakono muli kusagwirizana kwakukulu ponena za amene adalenga deta yamtundu uwu. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti MP3 ndi mtundu wa MPEG wambiri womwe umapangidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri ojambula zithunzi, wopanga zenizeni zamakono zamakono mu MP3 ndi gulu la Fraunhofer, lomwe linayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito codec Lame MP3 Encoder. Iye anali woyamba woyamba mu gawo ili.

Zakachitika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90, komabe, mauthenga ngati amenewa (mawindo a MP3) angathe kubwereranso pokhapokha atathandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu a pulojekiti, kotero sizinali za kufalikira kwa teknoloji yatsopano. Pokhapokha atangotulutsidwa ochita masewera oyambirira komanso ojambula zithunzi, lamuloli linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi. Komabe, lero ali ndi mpikisano wambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha mfundo zoyambirira zolembera, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa magwero.

Mfundo zoyendetsera ndi kuzunzika kwa phokoso

Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera, pamene chitsimikizocho chiyenera kumasuliridwa mu MP3, chikutaya chirichonse chimene sichikudziwika pa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi khutu la umunthu. Kulankhula mozama, njirayi idzakhala ndi bitrate 320 kbit / s, yomwe ndi 128 kbps pa mlingo wa 44,100 Hz - ndizovuta kuona kusiyana kwa phokoso. Ndicho chifukwa chake pakupanikizika chikhalidwe china cha audio chimachepetsedwa.

Kuzindikira kusiyana koteroko kungatheke munthu amene ali ndi khutu lochepa kwambiri, kapena wogwira ntchito zomveka yemwe amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu apadera pa ntchito yake. Zochitika ndi compressed format MP3 mu studio, pafupifupi palibe ntchito. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pamasewero omaliza komanso opanga masewera, pamene njira zonse ziyenera kuyesedwa kuti zikhale zowonjezereka, pangani chizolowezi, munda umene umatulutsira album yonse. Tidzakhala pa izi mtsogolo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira

Monga mukudziwira, mawu aliwonse a audio ali ndi magawo angapo ofunika, malinga ndi momwe mawu ake alili otsimikizika. Ndipo ma MP3 sizosiyana apa. Makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri ndi mafupipafupi (omwe ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi 44.1 kHz), chiwerengero cha (128 kbps). Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro chotsirizira sichinaganizidwe nthawi zonse, ndipo kugogomezera kwakukulu pakuzindikira khalidwe la njira iliyonse yachepetsedwa kokha ku zikhalidwe ziwiri zoyambirira.

Nyimbo zofala kwambiri, mafayilo ena omveka komanso kugwirizana pakati pawo

Pofuna kutsutsana mwachindunji mawonekedwe onse a MP3, lero akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Monga momwe zakhalira kale, panthawi yachisokonezo chake ponena za kusungirako nyumba yakuyimira WAV monga chotsiriza sichigwiritsidwe ntchito. Koma kwa akatswiri ojambula nyimbo, amakhalabe, mwachitsanzo, njira yoyenera yogwirira ntchito. Makamaka pojambula mawu kapena zida zamoyo. Zolembazo zasamutsidwa kuchokera ku WAV kupita ku MP3 pokhapokha pamapeto pake.

Komabe, nyimbo zingathe kuperekedwa m'machitidwe ena otchuka lero. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri (makamaka pa intaneti) mitundu ya deta monga OGG, AIFF, AMR ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma mpikisano weniweni wa MP3 ndi mtundu wapamwamba komanso wapamwamba kwambiri wa audio FLAC. Inde, pa MP3 ndizotheka kubweretsa zizindikiro zonse pazomwe zilipo, komabe, FLAC pamtundu wa kusewera ndi dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi fayilo imodzi, ndipo kugawanika kwazitsulo kumapezeka mwachindunji kuchokera ku pulogalamuyo kapena osewera. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, phokoso lirilonse siliwonedwa mosiyana ndi womvetsera, koma akhoza kusinthidwa pakati pa makina a osewera. Kwa mafilimu a MP3, zikuwoneka, mukhoza kupanga fayilo imodzi, kuphatikizapo zingapo zingapo mmenemo. Koma pano kusinthasintha pakati pa ma tracks pamtundu wotere sikungatheke (ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri kuthamanga mobwerezabwereza, osati kenanso).

Komabe, sizinthu zonse zoipa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyimbo zonse kapena ma audiobook omwe amadziwika masiku ano angasinthe mosavuta pakati pawo, ngakhale kusungidwa kwa magawo oyambirira a nkhaniyo. Ichi ndi maziko a pafupifupi mapulogalamu onse okonzekera ndi kutembenuza phokoso, otchedwa audio editors ndi otembenuza. Pulogalamu iliyonse ya mtundu uwu (mkonzi wa MP3 kapena wotembenuza) amadziwa mtundu wonse ndi mtundu wotsiriza wa fayilo ya phokoso, ndipo, monga momwe tadziwira kale, akhoza kupanga zonse kutembenuka ndi kutsogolo. Tiyeni tifotokoze izi ndi chitsanzo cha konkire.

Pangani mawonekedwe a mawindo a MP3 mu audio editors

Mitundu yambiri ya mapulogalamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito lerolino kuti ipangidwe ndi mawu. Poyambira, tidzakambirana za ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa audio editors. Pakati pawo, otchuka kwambiri amatha kutchedwa ndalama monga Sony Sound Forge, Sintrillium Cool Edit Pro, kenako adagulidwa ndi Adobe ndikusintha dzina lake kukhala Audition, Acoustica Mixcraft, ACID Pro ndi ena ambiri.

Mfundo ya ntchito mwa iwo ndi yakuti, mosavuta, pulogalamu iliyonse ya MP3-audio imayankhula mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe achilendo, monga momwe poyamba ankagwiritsira ntchito ma foni a WAV. Njira yotereyi imakonzeratu kuonekera kwakwanira mokwanira njira zosinthira mtundu uliwonse wa zipangizo zamakono monga kachitidwe ka WAV kawirikawiri. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zosavuta zojambula, kudula, kudyetsa, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala zosavuta kusinthasintha kayendedwe kafupipafupi komanso kuchepa kwazing'ono, osagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ku studio kudzera pa mlatho wa DirectX VST.

Mu mawonekedwe ophweka, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe anu ku MP3 pogwiritsira ntchito mndandanda wa mafayilo, omwe ali ndi mzere wakuti "Sungani Monga ..." kapena pali ntchito yotumiza kunja. Choncho, njira yonseyi yafupika pokhapokha posankha mtundu womaliza (tili ndi MP3 monga chitsanzo) ndipo yambani kusunga njira. Pachifukwa ichi, kutembenuka kudzapangidwa mosavuta ndi makonzedwe atsopano ndi mafupipafupi omwe asungidwa. Simukukonda tsamba loyamba? Palibe chophweka kusintha mtundu wa MP3, pokhala poyamba unakonzedwa pamwamba. Komabe, chinthu chimodzi chiyenera kuganiziridwa: ngati ubwino wa magwerowo ndi woipa kwambiri, sikungatheke kukwaniritsa njira yake yapadera ngakhale mwa njira zamaluso. Pano muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zowonzanso mauthenga, kugwiritsa ntchito mafyuluta osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero. Mwa munthu yemwe simunamvere, izi zidzabweretsa mavuto ambiri.

Monga tazindikira kale, palibe kusiyana kulikonse komwe timakhala ndi mabuku a MP3 mu nyimbo, nyimbo kapena nyimbo zokhazokha. Mwa njira, amavomerezedwa mwachinsinsi kuti ma audio audio ali ndi mawu otsika kwambiri. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa fayiloyo iyenera kukhala ndi malo osachepera, ndi zizindikiro za mawu mu malingaliro a kulankhula, mwachindunji, osati zofunikira. Pamapeto pake, iyi si mbiri ya akatswiri a album ya gulu lotchuka?

Komabe, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osadziwika ngakhale opanda chidziwitso, mungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino, makamaka momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mtundu umenewu muli ma templates omangidwa chifukwa cha izi kapena izi. Inde, zidzakhala zovuta kuti mupeze mau abwino kuyambira nthawi yoyamba, komabe, ngati mukuphunzira pulogalamuyi ndikuphunzira mfundo za ntchito yake, ndiye kuti bizinesi idzapita ngati ma clockwork, ndipo zotsatira zake sizidzakhalitsa.

Omasulira Audio

Ndi omvera otembenuka mtima, zinthu zimakhala zosavuta. Mapulogalamu a mtundu umenewu adalengedwa makamaka kuti amasinthe mawonekedwe a audio pakati pawo mwamsanga komanso popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino. Mosiyana ndi oyang'anira ojambula, otembenuza anganene kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina, monga opaleshoni imodzi, mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kusintha mafayilo a MP3 popanda kopi imodzi, koma kupanga zidutswa zingapo nthawi yomweyo. Malingana ndi mphamvu za ntchitoyo, pangakhale mazana angapo mpaka mazana ambiri.

Apanso, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamuwa ndi osavuta. Muyenera kusankha choyamba (ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zikhoza kukhala maofesi osiyanasiyana), ndiyeno muike mawonekedwe omaliza. Kenaka batani yapaderayi yoyamba ikugwedezeka, ndipo pa zotsatira, wogwiritsa ntchito amalandira mafayilo onse a mtundu wina. Kupulumutsa kwawo, monga lamulo, kumawonekera mu foda yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kosasintha, koma malo osungira, ndithudi, akhoza kusinthidwa mwanzeru. Mwa njira, zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito ku zikuluzikulu zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito mukutembenuka. Koma pulogalamu iliyonse imapatsa wopatsayo mfundo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafayilo a mtundu umodzi kapena wina. Zingasinthirenso.

Ubwino wa ntchito zoterezi ndikuti amasintha njira yonse yotembenuka, ndipo ndondomeko zonse sizikutenga nthawi yambiri. Zoona, ngati mukuziyerekeza ndi oimba kapena ojambula ojambula, potsata khalidwe lofanana lakumveka apa, simudzadula kwambiri.

Oyendetsa nyimbo

Pambuyo pathu pali mtundu wina wa mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, omwe mbali zambiri ali ndi mkonzi wokhazikitsidwa mu MP3, WAV, ndi zina. Mwa njirayi amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi audioreceptors, koma mphamvu zawo ndizochepa.

Choyamba, zimakhudza kuti nyimbo zonsezi zingakhale ndi zidutswa za mitundu (MP3, MIDI, WAV, OGG, VST- kapena DX-instruments library, etc.). Mutatha kujambula phokoso kapena kulongosola mbali zonse zazitsulo, mwachitsanzo, ndi zowonongeka, pochita kusanganikirana ndi kuzindikira, fayiloyo ikhoza kupulumutsidwa muyeso yofunikira. Nthaŵi zambiri ndi MP3, kapena WAV, kapena fayilo ya polojekitiyo. Muzinthu zina, palinso ntchito yolemba ku diski. Mukufuna kupanga CD yamamvetsera? Palibe vuto! Komanso mu olemba audio, mukhoza kuchita zofunikira mu maminiti ochepa ndikupeza CD ndi ma CD mu ma CD .

Ngati tikulankhula za ubwino wa ntchitoyi, n'zoonekeratu kuti kungosakaniza mawonekedwe angapo ndi zotsatira zopulumutsa kapena kutumizira kuzinthu zofala kwambiri ndipo ndi mbali yawo yamphamvu. Kuwonjezera apo, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zotsatira zofanana kapena kusintha kwa phokoso lililonse la phokoso likuchitika panthawi yeniyeni, ndiko kuti, simukuyenera kudikira zotsatira - mungathe kuzimva mwamsanga, kunena, potembenuza chogwiritsira ntchito Kapena ena parameter. Mwachibadwa, izi ndi mbali yochepa chabe ya mapulogalamuwa omwe angathe.

Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiyani?

Pomalizira, tikufika pa funso loti tizisankha mapulogalamu kuti tigwire ntchito ndi mtundu wa MP3 kapena china chilichonse, chomwe phokosolo lalembedwa. Monga tawonetsera kale, anthu omwe amamvetsera nyimbo kapena audio audio amakhala ochepa chabe (pulogalamu kapena "iron") kapena wotchuka kwambiri wa DVD.

Kuti mutembenuzire mafayilo kukhala machitidwe ena, mwachitsanzo, mu njira yofulumira, ojambula omvera ali angwiro. Koma ngati mukufuna kupeza phokoso la crystal pamalopo, ngakhale mutembenuza fayilo ya mtundu wina, popanda mapulogalamu apamwamba omwe simungathe kuchita. Inde, nthawi imatenga dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo popanda chidziwitso chodziwitsa kuti fayilo yomweyi yapamwamba kwambiri yapamwamba kuyambira nthawi yoyamba isagwire ntchito. Komabe, ngati mumaphunzira mosamala olemba mafilimu, osatchula za akatswiri ojambula nyimbo, zotsatira zake ziposa zonse zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa.

M'malo mwa chidule

Zidakali zowonjezera kuti ma MP3 ali pano ankawoneka mwachidule, chifukwa ngati mukukuya kwambiri, makamaka mukakwera mu teknoloji ya kubwezeretsanso ndi kubwezeretsa phokoso pogwiritsa ntchito zida kuti mukhale ndi luso labwino, mukhoza kulembera malo onse.

Koma pofuna kumvetsetsa mapangidwe a MP3 format palokha, ndikuganiza kuti ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito amvetsetsa zomwe zili ndizimene zimayikidwa pakupanga ndi kusintha. Komabe, ngati mutayang'ana m'tsogolomu, mutangomva kuti mtundu wa audio, umene tsopano ukuwoneka kuti ndi wovomerezeka, udzasintha kwambiri posachedwa. Ndipo, mwachiwonekere, kutsindika kwakukulu kudzaikidwa pokonzanso khalidwe lakumveka popanda kukula kwakukulu kwa mafayilo okha. Komabe, pali zifukwa zonse zoyenera kuchita, monga momwe matekinologalamu amakompyuta akulikulira panthawi yovuta kwambiri.