Alexander Dovzhenko - Chiyukireniya screenwriter, wotsogolera: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Dovzhenko dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich kunathandiza yaikulu pa mafilimu a kanema Soviet. Ake dzina la filimu kupanga situdiyo. Koma sanali kokha wotsogolera ndi Wolemba wina. Kwawo, ku Ukraine, iye imatchedwanso wolemba, wolemba ndakatulo wolemba nkhani wina. Dovzhenko anayesa dzanja lake pa luso. Koma bwino kwambiri zimatheka m'munda wa screenwriting. Iye analemba masewero, nkhani lalifupi komanso mabuku kalembedwe wa Kuzindikira zokomera.

Pa Alexander Dovzhenko anali tsoka Masautso zomwe ife kuphimba m'nkhani ino. Caressed ndi boma la Soviet, wopambana awiri mphoto Stalin ndi Artist Anthu a RSFSR, iye anali mu awonera m'mbuyomo yomenyera pa mbali ina ndi Red. Zimenezi amadziwika ndi ochepa. Koma anthu ambiri anaphunzitsidwa USSR kuwerenga wake "magnum opus" - "enchanted Desna". Ndipo ambiri lothandiza kwambiri ntchito yake ya munda wa mafilimu a kanema anali filimu "Dziko Lapansi".

ubwana

Malinga ndi kulowa mu kaundula wa Reunion Utatu Church Sosnitsa nzinda (tsopano malo chigawo cha dera Chernigov, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko anabadwa pa famu Vyunische August 29, 1894. kalembedwe latsopano, limafanana September 10.

The bambo ndi mayi anali osaphunzira wamba. Atate wa mkulu mtsogolo, Petr Semenovich, anali mbadwa ya Poltava Chumakov, n'kukakhala ku Sosnitsa pafupifupi pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Mibadwo mizu mtundu wa Dovzhenko agona ku 1760s. Amadziwika kuti yemwe anali agogo a wolemba, Taras, anali wongonena kwambiri. Mphatso imeneyi anatengera yaing'ono Sashko.

Banja anali chiwembu lalikulu la dziko, koma anakhala mu umphawi, chifukwa dothilo linali osabereka. Wa ana khumi ndi zinayi anabadwa ntchito zaka anapulumuka atatu okha: Bellamy yekha, m'bale ndi mlongo wake Pauline Trifon. Pafupipafupi imfa tikuona m'maganizo anga kuti wotsogolera nyimbo. "Mu nyumba yathu nthawi zonse analamulira maliro ndi kulira," - analemba nthawi ina. Ndipo za moyo ndakatulo ya mayi ake, anati: "Iye anabadwa kwa songs, koma kulira ndi moyo wonse, kuona ana kwamuyaya."

maphunziro

Ku pulayimale mu Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino ndi chilakolako chofuna kudziwa. Chifukwa bambo anga anaganiza zoti kupitiriza kuphunzitsa mwana wake. Iye anagulitsa mbali chiwiri m'dziko awo Bellamy anakhoza kupeza maphunziro kusukulu ya pulayimale, ndipo kenako mu 1911 analowa Institute Pedagogical mu Glukhov. Izi yunivesite wamng'ono Dovzhenko ndisakhale thangwi akhafuna kukhala mphunzitsi, koma chifukwa anapatsidwa maphunziro kuti rubles zana ndi makumi awiri chaka. Pa anayambitsa, wolemba tsogolo anakumana ndi mabuku Chiyukireniya, amene gawo ili Russified wa ufumu inali yoletsedwa lapansi. Nditamaliza maphunziro Dovzhenko anatumizidwa kuphunzitsa Zhytomyr.

Wolemba ndi nthawi yake

Chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, Alexander Dovzhenko, kanthawi mbiri limafotokoza nkhaniyi amaona jingo a. Iye nsangala anaponya akuguba asilikali nkhondo ndi maluwa ndi zaka zingapo anayamba kuyang'ana kumbuyo kuchokera kutsogolo "manyazi ndi chisoni." Mu nthawi yomweyo Dovzhenko akuyandikira Chiyukireniya dziko kumasulidwa kuyenda.

February utasintha cha 1917, iye amaona wachangu kwambiri. Kenako kukhumudwa chifukwa iye anafotokoza momveka: "Mu zingapo, sindinali kuchita mu makomo awo." Pamene Civil kunabuka nkhondo, Dovzhenko anapita amadzipereka pa asilikali a UNR, ndipo pamodzi ndi Chachitatu Serdutskaya Regiment anadzasokoneza wa Kiev "zida". zaka khumi kenako, wotsogolera amasonyeza zochitika mu filimu, kusiya kuti iye anachita nawo iwo pa mbali ya Black Gaidamakov. Kuchokera zopangira Skoropadsky Dovzhenko ukuchoka ku Zhitomir. Tikaonanso Kiev, anakhala wophunzira wa Academy Ukraine Tirhana.

"Red" nthawi yonena

Kale mu makumi a, Alexander Dovzhenko anakhumudwa mitundu-bourgeois malingaliro. Ubwenzi ndi wolemba Vasily Blakytnym anamutengera Marxism dziko. Osachepera ndicho chimene wotsogolera yekha analemba autobiography wake wa 1939. Iye anayamba Borotbists. Mamembala a chipani ichi Kenako ndinalowa Party Communist (Bolsheviks) a Ukraine. Izi amayanjana ndale Dovzhenko analola kuti maudindo otchuka: Mlembi wa Dipatimenti Kiev wa Education, Mutu wa Dipatimenti. Iye anagwira ntchito mu USSR plenipotentiary chifaniziro mu Poland (1921) ndi Trade choimira Republic Chiyukireniya Germany. anakhala ku Berlin, chithunzicho Dovzhenko ntchito maphunziro ku zosonyeza Villi Gekkelya. Mu Germany, chithunzicho-nthumwi anakwatira Barbara Krylova. Koma kunapezeka, ndi kukhala anali Borotbists wakuda sitampu boma latsopano. Dovzhenko anakumbukira ku Ukraine, ndi kuwamana khadi phwando.

kokaonera mafilimu dziko

Popeza 1923, Dovzhenko anakakhala Kharkov - likulu loyambirira la Soviet Ukraine. B. Kugwiritsa Blakytnogo iye afika cartoonist nyuzipepala "News VUTSVK", komanso zikusonyeza buku (makamaka, "buluu sitima" Petra Pancha). Pa nthawi kwambiri lokhazikika ndi bwalo zolembalemba "Hart", umene umalimbana mafilimu a kanema a.

Alexander Dovzhenko, amene mafilimu adzapeza admirers patapita nthawi yaitali, ndinalibe maphunziro, ndilibe maphunziro ayendetsa. Komabe, iye akuyamba ntchito pa filimu situdiyo mu Odessa. Imodzi mwa ntchito yake yoyamba ankalusa mukubwadamuka "Red Army" ndi kupenta "Mu nkhalango."

Dovzhenko n'kuyesa yekha udindo wolemba. M'munda umenewu Analenga kusewera ana amatchedwa "Vasya Wokonzanso."

Pa m'ndandanda wa "zipatso Chikondi ndi" Dovzhenko anakumana ndi Danilo Demutsky, ndi tandem izi mwa kulamula woyendetsa chikuyambika kwa zaka zambiri. Pamodzi kulenga kwambiri a magulu chidwi.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

The ntchito woyamba, umene litavomereza anali "Zvenigora". Pa cithunzithunzi ici, ndi 1928 mbuye ogwirizana nyimbo ndi Zotengera za epic chosintha. Mufilimuyi "Dziko Lapansi" (1930), pasanapite nthawi atamasulidwa ku inachotsedwa yobwereka.

Koma chithunzi "Ivan" (1932) n'kupita naye pafupi ndi Stalin. Iwo kulingana kenako mkulu analandira pagulu ndi wolamulira wa. Mu 1939, Dovzhenko malamulo mwachindunji ku Stalin amatenga "chizolowezi" filimu "Shchors". Kwa tepi iyi imatsogoleredwa yomweyo analandira mphoto apamwamba.

Popeza 1934, Dovzhenko anakakhala Moscow ndipo amachita chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito zolembalemba. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iye mabuku angapo, analemba essays ndi nkhani.

chamanyazi

Moyandikana mphamvu (makamaka Stalin) ali ndi mavuto. Mu 1943, Dovzhenko analemba filimu kuti filimu "Ukraine pamoto." Komabe, ndithu mwadzidzidzi, pa msonkhano wa Politburo wa CPSU (b), ntchito wakhala pansi defamation. The script anali review zoipa ndi Stalin.

Mu 1944, mkulu Alexander Dovzhenko pakati m'nyimbo filimu "Moyo uli mu pachimake." Ngati vnasmeshku akuluakulu adamfunsa kuti atembenuke chithunzi cha amafuna maganizo. Dovzhenko anayesera mwakukhoza monga iye akanakhoza. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zowonetsera kunja poyera ofooka filimu amatchedwa "Michurin" wodzala ndi zidindo malonda.

Ngakhale zambiri chisoni tsoka ankavutika ntchito lotsiriza la wotsogolera nyimbo. kuti State "chabwino, America!" pathupi zochokera ntchito za perebezhchitsy States mu USSR Annabella Byukar. Pamene kuwombera anabwera chomaliza, boma la Russia anafika dongosolo kuletsa ntchito pa pachithunzipa.

Imfa m'dziko lachilendo

Alexander Dovzhenko mtima woyamba kuukira anali akadali chilengedwe cha "Michurin". Kumapeto kwa moyo wake anaphunzitsa pa VGIK. Iye akhafuna bwerera ku Ukraine, koma aboma sanam'patse chilolezo kutero.

Dovzhenko anakonza ntchito epic - kulemba buku "Golden Chipata". Komanso mu maganizo ake m'tsogolo kulemba script chithunzi "ndakatulo ya Sea". Pa tsiku loyamba la kuwombera filimuyi, iye anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Iye anaikidwa pa Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.