Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb, Kideksha: kufotokoza, mbiri, zomangamanga, chidwi mfundo

m'dera Suzdal ndi chimodzi mwa malo chidwi kwambiri alendo m'dziko lathu. Tayang'anani pa zokopa ambiri m'dera Vladimir kubwera osati kuchokera kulikonse Russian lalikulu, komanso alendo, makamaka azungu. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Pambuyo Suzdal dera angatchedwe ndi zakale, ntchito pansi pa thambo lotseguka. Masiku ano, iye ali mbali ya "Golden mphete" wa Russia.

malo opatulika

Pa gawo la Suzdal chiwerengero zosaneneka za m'kachisi, mipingo ndi matchalitchi. Vladimir m'dera limene iwo ali unalembedwa m'ma khumi ndi chitatu. Lero, mozama mchitidwe umenewu twente eyiti ndi mipingo isanu. Yaikulu ya izi amaonedwa kukhala Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb (Kideksha), Demetrius ndi Mfundo Cathedral mu Vladimir. Seventh September 2014 Vladimir m'dera chikondwerero vosmisotletie ake. Pa mapwando, kutsogozedwa ndi kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Kirill, anapezeka osati okhulupirira kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko, komanso alendo ambiri. Chidwi kuona wa dera Suzdal kumawonjezera chaka chilichonse. Alendo kuno kuona "kalata" Russian ngodya. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Matchalitchi Suzdal osati mu mzinda, komanso anamwazikana kudutsa madambo a kwabasi ndipo m'minda ya m'derali. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb (Kideksha).

mafotokozedwe

Inamangidwa makilomita anayi kuchokera Suzdal. Kideksha kumudzi kumene chipilala zosowazi a zomangamanga, ndi wakale, Before Asilavo. Yaima pakamwa pa mtsinje waung'ono Kamenka, mwa minda yaikulu. Kachisi wa Boris ndi Gleb - mmodzi wa mipingo choyamba a Vladimir-Suzdal woyera mwala zomangamanga. Pa kumene Kideksha, Kamenka merges ndi Nerl - pa kasupe wofunika kwambiri mu dera Suzdal. N'chifukwa chake m'zaka khumi ndi Prince Yuri Dolgoruky anaganiza kumanga mudzi walinga. Iye ankafuna kuti atenge mwa mtsinje kuchokera Suzdal kulamulira. Kachisi wa Boris ndi Gleb anamangidwira kumuwombera M'nyumba yake yomanga padziko 1152. Iye anali kukhala pa tchalitchi chachikulu mu okhala kalonga. bwalo inamangidwa pa gombe mkulu wa mtsinje mu mawonekedwe a malo otetezedwa bwino. Kuteteza nyumba ndi kutalika umodzi kilometre. Zinali ndithu nyumba zazikulu, kukula mofanana ndi Moscow, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa Yuriem Dolgorukim. Mwatsoka, ambiri a nyumba zake sizinawakhudze ife.

nkhani

Malo kumanga dzina la mpingo Borisoglebsk anali sanasankhe mwangozi. Malinga ndi nthano, panali msonkhano wa abale ndi Gleb Boris, anazindikira kuti monga woyamba mu Russia oyera. Iwo anabwera mu foni bambo ake - Prince Vladimir. The "digiri m'buku lakuti" limanena kuti mtsinjewo pa Nerl Kideksha pafupi ndi tauni ya Suzdal anali Pamudzi. Ndipo apa zoti tiku- Boris ndi Gleb, amene anabwera kuchokera ku madera osiyana ku Kiev kholo la - Prince Red Sun. Kenako, iwo anaphedwa ndi m'bale wawo Svyatopolk lachitatu. Mwambo umenewu wakhala nthawi Yeretsani kalonga wamkulu wa Cathedral polemekeza awiri oyera woyamba Russian.

nkhani

Mu Kideksha adakali zotsalira za makoma kudziteteza nyumba yogonamo kalonga. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, mpingo pawokha anakhazikitsidwa Yuriem Dolgorukim polemekeza ana ake awiri wamng'ono - Boris ndi Gleb, amene analandira maina a wotchuka mu Russia ndi woyang'anira oyera. Pali manda a mmodzi wa iwo. Inali pa Boris ndi Gleb Mpingo ndiye mwana wa Prince Dolgoruky Belgorod ndi Turov Boris Yuryevich yemwe anamwalira mu 1159, ndi mkazi wake Mariya ndi mwana wamkazi Euphrosyne.

Pa nkhondo Mongol Kideksha kwambiri kuonongeka. Koma kale mu 1239, mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb inakonzedwanso ndi odzipereka. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pa nthawi iyi pali wakhala anakonza guwa lansembe chosema woyera mwala chotchinga mpando.

zomangamanga

Mpingo Boris ndi Gleba (Kideksha) alibe luso chipangizo chotero, chomwe chiri chibadidwe, mwachitsanzo, kapena tchalitchi Mfundo chibwenzi kubwerera pafupi nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, kuphweka ake zimapangitsa nyumba wapadera pamtima ena stati amunamuna. Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb (Kideksha) zomangamanga, umene uli kwambiri "wouma mtima", ali mawonekedwe pafupifupi kiyubiki. Iwo ali atatu amphamvu theka zonenepa yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda apse. Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb (Kideksha) pafupifupi wopanda chipewa chosema. Only poyasochek zithetsedwe ake ndi crenate ledges ang'ono kupereka panthawi imodzi anakongoletsa woyera wapakamwa amazipanga yosavuta.

Popeza theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, anayamba kuwonongedwa kwa kachisi. Arches ndi mutu kuwononga. Izo zinali kokha mu zaka khumi mphambu zisanu-chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb (Kideksha) inakonzedwanso. Mu mwala wakale yemwe uja woyera ntchito. Komabe, hipped denga ndi mutu waung'ono kwambiri kuonetsa maonekedwe a kachisi wakale, chimene iye anali nacho poyamba.

maonekedwe

Boris ndi Gleb Church anapangidwa mmodzi mzikiti chetyrehstolpny, trehapsidny. Iwo wapangidwa ndi mwangwiro yosema ndi pafupifupi youma anaika quadras kwambiri khalidwe woyera mwala. Mpanda wa masamba akunja anawagawa atatu wosiyana mpanda, ambiri amene ali onse ndi apamwamba mbali. Pamwamba pa zipata kumadzulo wodzaza Chipilala. Miyeso ya mpingo, kutalika kwake ambiri ndipo ambiri mwa zinthu kamangidwe, kuphatikizapo masamba mbiri ndi amazipanga pafupi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral, anamanga pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo mu Pereslavl.

Features

Nyumba Boris ndi Gleb Mpingo, pali kufanana bwino ndi European Western luso, makamaka Romanesque. Mwachitsanzo, khalidwe imatiuza arkaturny zone kuti ukugawa mpanda mbali mu tiers awiri. An zipata chidwi ndi zingamuthandize kukhala ndi mbiri lophweka ndi ledges atatu ndi nsembe pang'ono patsogolo Mwalawomangiriza. Ng'oma anali okonzeka ndi lamba crenate, umboni ndi mtembo wake opezeka pansi pa denga la kachisi. Pa miyala angapo zomangamanga Tingaone zofanana zizindikiro Kalonga ambuye.

Chokongoletsera mkati

Inamangidwa mu 1152-m, Boris ndi Gleb Church (Kideksha) kwa zaka makumi anayi wakhala si utoto. Mu 1947, apeza mapale a frescoes kumene monga ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira, a zaka eyite ya atumwi akhumi. pachithunzipa, mu Mwina anapangidwa nthawi ya Vsevolod III pa malangizo ake, umboni ndi zifaniziro zambiri za mitengo paradaiso ndipo mbalame, woyera mwala ankaikira ulemerero wa nyengo yake, ndipo kuchoka ku dongosolo ovomerezeka. mpingo watetezanso frescoes ku kagawo kakang'ono wapadera mu makulidwe a linga kumpoto, pomwe pansi zomera ndi.

kachisi zovuta

Kum'mwera kwa tchalitchi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri kuika Chipata Woyera wotsegulira mbadwa ya mtsinje. Mu 1780-mamita zimakhalanso pafupi ndi kachisi zambiri wakale anamanga ozizira "ofunda" Stefanievskuyu mpingo, kukumbutsa wake denga nyumba matabwa. Zovuta yomalizira belfry. Motero, gulu loyimba mapulani Kideksha ophatikizana nyumba zimene anapambulwa pa nthawi zaka zisanu, koma ngakhale, amazipanga organically zogwirizana.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa zovuta ili pa mbali ya Nerl Mtsinje, Ine yomweyo kumvetsa mochenjera chiyanjano cha chikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga, amene anali chibadidwe mapulani wakale.

Kachisi wa Boris ndi Gleb anali anafufuza bwinobwino zinthu zakale. zofukulidwa Recent kunachitika mu 2011. mpingo pang'ono pansi. ambiri zinthu sankadziwika wa ulemerero mkati akhala apeza: m'munsi mwa iconostasis, ndi mmunsi pa mpando wachifumu, omphalitis. Pa zomangamanga zakale wotchedwa pinki mwala, ili pansi. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kwambiri wapadera zithunzi Mwachitsanzo ziri chimodzimodzi omphalitis amene anali Boris ndi Gleb Church (Kideksha).

mfundo zosangalatsa

Master amene anachita ntchito yomanga kachisi, Yuri Dolgorukim m'mbuyomu lolunjika pa maphunziro Italy. Ku Roma, iwo anali kuphunzira European mapulani mwambo wa nthawi. mfundo ndi yakuti pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia sizinathe ntchito ndi mwala achilengedwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake Mpingo walandira Romanesque, mu mzimu wa Europe akhumi ya atumwi. chokongoletsera kunja kunali, ngakhale wodzichepetsa, koma momwemonso kunali kwakukulu. Mkati, chirichonse chinali watanthauzo kwambiri. Komanso, ofukula pansi m'chigawo chapakati cha mpingo pinki mwala - omphalitis. Anali malo apadera amene anakhala Bishop, kupanga msonkhano makamaka wapadera. Today kidekshskaya Mpingo wa Boris ndi Gleb, alembedwa UNESCO mndandanda wa zipilala m'gulu la Vladimir-Suzdal Museum Reserve.

Reviews

Ambiri kubwera kwa modabwitsa wokongola m'mudzi Kideksha mwa njira alendo a "Golden mphete". Sts kachisi amakhudza lonse. Ndi chodabwitsa momwe m'nthawi akhumi kotheka kuti achite chotero yaikulu yaikulu yomanga. Kudziwa mpingo ndiponso alendo apadera Kuyendetsa kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti posachedwapa zaka chikwi. Chinthu chokha ulibe - ndi wokonzeka magalimoto magalimoto, koma kuthetsa nkhaniyi inali yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mpingo ulibe parishi ndi wansembe.