Mphamvu buoyancy

Tiyeni kuchita kafukufuku losavuta: atenge pang'ono mpweya mphira mpira ndi "imbedded" mu madzi. Ngati kumiza kuya ngakhale 1-2 mamita, n'zosavuta kuona kuti buku lake yafupika, ie, kumbali zonse mpira adzakhala crimp mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri ananena kuti pali "olakwa" hydrostatic kuthamanga - A m'chilengedwe kuchita madzi n'kupuma kumizidwa thupi. mphamvu Hydrostatic kuchita thupi kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo chotsatira awo, omwe ankadziwika ndi mphamvu Archimedes, komabe wotchedwa ejection womwe malangizo a zotsatira thupi kumizidwa chamadzimadzi.

Archimedes anapeza lamulo n'cholinga experimental, ndi kulungamitsidwa ake ongolankhula anadikira zaka pafupifupi 2,000 pamaso Pascal anapeza lamulo la hydrostatics kwa madzi n'kupuma. Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli anzawo kudzera madzimadzi mbali zonse kaya m'dera lomwe amachita pa ndege onse zikuthamangathamanga madzi, ndipo phindu lake ndi njila kwa P pamwamba ndi S pamodzi thereto yachibadwa. Pascal anatsegula ndipo adafikapo lamulo zambiri 1653. Malinga ndi iye, pamwamba pa thupi kumizidwa mu madzi kumbali zonse ndi kuthamanga hydrostatic.

Musamachite chotengera ndi madzi mu mawonekedwe a thupi kumizidwa kyubu kuya H kuti L - mtunda kuchokera pamwamba madzi nkhope pamwamba. Pamene m'munsi omangidwa ndi akuya H + L. Mphamvu vekitala F1, akuchita pa nkhope chapamwamba imatsogoleredwa downwards ndi F1 = r Mukhoza * ga * H * S, kumene r Mukhoza - madzi osalimba, ga - mathamangitsidwe yokoka.

The vekitala mphamvu F2, amagwiritsa ntchito pa ndege m'munsi oposa, ndi mulingo wake kwapatsidwa mwa F2 = r Mukhoza * ga * (H + L) * S.

The zamoyo zina za mphamvu kuchita mbali pamalo matanthauzo moyenera, kotero kenako amachotsedwa kuganizira. Buoyancy mphamvu F2> F1 ndipo anatsogolera pansi pamwamba, ndi Ufumuyo nkhope pansi kyubu lapansi. Kutanthauzira kufunika kwake F:

F = F2 - F1 = r Mukhoza * ga * (H + L) * S - r Mukhoza * ga * H * S = r Mukhoza * ga * L * S

Onani kuti L * S - .. Kodi buku la kyubu V, ndi mamita r Mukhoza * ga = tsa akuimira madzimadzi kulemera wagawo, ndiye chilinganizo kulemera kwa mphamvu Archimedean Mzimuyo buku la madzimadzi wofanana ndi buku la kyubu ndi, i.e. Umutu ndi kulemera kwa madzi pokhala ndi thupi. N'zochititsa chidwi kulankhula za Archimedes 'mfundo n'chotheka chilengedwe, pomwe pali mphamvu yokoka - mu zinthu weightlessness, lamulo sachiza. Pomaliza, chilinganizo cha chilamulo cha Archimedes chiri motere:

F = tsa * V, kumene tsa - madzi enieni yokoka.

Archimedean mphamvu atha kutumikira ngati maziko a Kupenda matupi buoyancy. The chikhalidwe cha kusanthula ndi chiŵerengero cha thupi yodzaza masana PF kulemera madzi ndi buku ofanana voliyumu ya kumizidwa thupi madzi. Ngati PM = px, thupi akuyandama mu madzi, ndipo ngati taphunzira> PF, ndi limalephera thupi. Apo ayi, thupi ukuonekera monga mphamvu buoyant liri kulemera kwa ejected recessed gawo la thupi madzi.

Archimedes 'mfundo zake ntchito kale sayansi, kuyambira ndi Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za ntchito zonse zodziwika ndi zipangizo balloons ndi airships akuyandama. Apa unachita kuti mpweya amatanthauza boma la nkhani ndi madzimadzi ndithu simulates. Choncho, chilengedwe mpweya iliyonse chinthu buoyancy mphamvu akuchita mofananira mofanana mu madzi. Zoyesayesa woyamba kuchita mpweya zibaluni ndege anatenga Montgolfier abale - iwo nadzaza zibaluni ndi utsi ofunda, kotero kuti kulemera kwa mkaidi mu zibaluni mpweya zinali zosakwanira kulemera kwa buku yomweyo ozizira mpweya. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha m'mwamba, ndi mulingo wake anali chimatanthauza kusiyana kulemera kwa mabuku awiri. A kusintha zina anali balloons burner, amene mosalekeza likamatenthetsa mpweya mkati zibaluni lapansi. Zikuonekeratu kuti zosiyanasiyana amadalira kutalika burner lapansi. Kenako airships ntchito kudzaza mpweya ndi yokoka yeniyeni poyerekeza mpweya.