Mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma a m'mayiko oyandikana France. Mayiko m'malire France?

Today tikambirana za mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma a m'mayiko oyandikana France. Ndi Ulaya waukulu pambuyo Russia ndi Ukraine. Masiku ano, dziko ndi pa kuchuluka kwa. Kutacha Boma mafakitale ndi.

Komabe, zimakhudza kwambiri European Union mzake ndi boma m'malire.

Mwayi zomwe ndi mavuto pa anansi French, tidzakambirana zina.

anansi French

Musanawerenge mlingo wa chitukuko cha mayiko oyandikana France, ndi kulankhula za mmene, amene Ndipotu, malire boma.

anansi kwenikweni mu Europe ndi maiko 8 - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium ndi Spain. Koma palinso atatu "akunja" mnansi.

m'mayikowa m'malire katundu French ku Latin America. Makamaka chilumba chimenechi. Mwa iwo Dziwani Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion ndi Mayotte. Komanso pali boma kumtunda Guiana.

Belgium

The mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Belgium chinayamba ndi kuwuka mwa kupanga akale. Nzosadabwitsa dziko ichi chotchedwa "State-shopu." Liege ndi Antwerp ali otchuka gunsmiths ndi amisiri a ntchito ya diamondi, Flanders - likulu la makampani nsalu mu Europe.

Ambiri, kulankhula za Ufumu wa Belgium, osanenapo mbali imodzi. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anapita delineation bwino m'madera a mafakitale. Choncho, ena anali wolemera mokwanira, anthu ena anali ndalama zambiri wodzichepetsa.

Kuchokera mu 1945, makamaka chifukwa cha "chiphunzitso Galopina", pali kukula kwake ndi boma. Kulikonse pali kuwala makampani mafakitale ku Flanders iyamba kukhala ayenga, Antwerp amakhala wachitatu waukulu doko ku Ulaya. Komanso, Brussels anasamutsira likulu la NATO ndi zina mmadera ena.

Dziko wakhala recessions awiri. Mu zaka 1980-1982, pamene ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti nditapatsidwa 13% ya GDP, ngongole za boma kuchuluka kwambiri, komanso ulova. mavuto chachiwiri chinachitika mu 1992-1993. Panthawi zovuta zimenezi, akukhudzidwira kukula GDP anagwa pafupifupi peresenti.

Koma kuyambira m'chaka cha 1994, mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Belgium panauka. Today ufumu zikuchititsa gulu woyera mderali. Ngakhale ndale vuto zaka 2007-2010, GDP ikukula, ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti, ndi ulova chikutsika.

Lero, GDP pa munthu ndi kuzungulira 38-40 madola zikwi. Malinga 2010 iye anali pa msinkhu wa 38 700 dollars.

Spain

Lero, mlingo wa kutukula Spain ndi pa mlingo mkulu. Malinga ndi zomwe cha 2012, boma akuchita malo lakhumi mu kusanja lonse la mayiko.

Nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma, chikhalidwe ndi Ufumu wa Spain kuyambira Zapakati, anali ulimi. Zambiri za masiku, amondi, azitona ndi nzimbe akusinthabe zimagulitsidwa ndi State kuti. Mudzakhala odabwa, koma zokolola za Spanish mpunga ndi yayikulu pa dziko. Komanso, boma limapereka buku mkulu wa tirigu, vinyo ndi zipatso. M'munda wa ulimi PALI peresenti zokha atatu alionse ntchito.

Koma otsogolera izi gawo la chuma pa siteji iyi zikuchepa yafupika. Masiku ano, pali kukula mofulumira kupanga nsapato, zida zosinthira magalimoto, zida makina, wailesi ndi vidiyo zida, mankhwala.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ziwerengero mayiko m'munda wa muzochitika kupanga fortini, Spain ndi pamwamba asanu aliyense zigawo za.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Spain nkomwe amakhudza ulova. Ponseponse pa dziko imatengedwa kuti index ake mu 8-10%. Mayiko ambiri, zimenezi zingakhale nkhonya zazikulu. Spain komanso amapulumutsa digiri ndithu mkulu ntchito oletsedwa ndi chuma mobisa.

Italy

Mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Italy ndi osiyana kwambiri regionally. Ngati kumpoto ndi zambiri anayamba likuvutika mabizinezi mafakitale, kum'mwera utsalira pa nkhani imeneyi. M'madera zochepa kuphunzira chuma mthunzi mwadidi.

Mliri waukulu chuma cha Italy - ndi osamuka oletsedwa makamaka, ndi m'dziko lonse ambiri. Iwo kuno pofufuza mavuto osiyanasiyana a anthu ku "dziko lachitatu." Makamaka wotchuka ndi madera kum'mwera, monga pali mukhoza kupeza mwachangu ntchito m'munda wa ulimi. Olemba ntchito anzawo komanso amakonza zochita. Illegals kutenga misonkhano yawo ndalama zochepa ndalama, n'zotheka yocheza yambiri ya zachuma popanda kudziwa za akuluakulu a msonkho.

Lero, mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Italy ndi wachitatu waukulu mu Europe. The mafakitale zikuluzikulu zomwe dziko "kuyandama", zotsatirazi: magalimoto ndi Magalimoto, katundu woyera (refrigerators, etc.), nsapato, zovala, Zakudyazi, maolivi, tchizi, vinyo, zamzitini zipatso.

Lero, pa munthu GDP (kafukufuku 2013) ndi za 30 000 dollars. Mlingo boma ulova kuzungulira peresenti zisanu ndi ziwiri (2006), ndi kufufuma - 1.5% (2006).

Ndi chifukwa kuyambira kale ndi pokomera makampani mu North la Italy, dziko chingathe kupirira mavuto okhazikika m'madera kum'mwera ndi otaya wamphamvu m'dziko malamulo ndi oletsedwa.

Germany

Mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Germany ndi yayikulu kwambiri Europe ndi chachisanu mu kusanja mayiko. Amalakatika yekha zimphona monga US, China, Japan ndi India.

Monga otukuka positi-mafakitale Republic, Germany yaikulu kuchuluka kwa likulu analandira kwa gawo utumiki. Ndi mu gawo ili ndi ntchito kwambiri. Iyenso mwini 78% ya GDP (2011).

The peculiarity wa zinthu German chuma nthawi yaitali kutsatira chitsanzo msika chikhalidwe. mawonedwe Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo mogwirizana zilumikizano za malonda ndi ogwira ntchito, mlingo mkulu msonkho. Mbali yaikulu ya pempheroli umaperekedwa pa mtima wa malonda ndi malamulo onse, omwe amaonetsetsa chitukuko cha msika kwambiri ngakhale chuma.

Pa dzanja limodzi, kunapatsa zotsatira kwambiri ndipo anathandiza kuti ayambe mofulumira dzikoli atachokako zomvetsa ziwiri zapadziko lonse. Lero, mlingo wa kutukula Germany ndi mkulu, koma chodabwitsa ndi poipira.

mkulu mlingo kwambiri za msonkho amapanga ambiri amadalira. Poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, m'ma 1990s, amachotsera misonkho ku Germany anafika 65%, pamene mu US - za 32%. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuchokera $ 100 ukonde malipiro mu mphatso kwa akuluakulu a chikhalidwe deducted $ 81.

Masiku ano, msonkho pa phindu undistributed - 50%. Ya GDP mu 2013 - 40 madola zikwi pa munthu, ulova mlingo - 5.5%, ndi kufufuma - 2.1%.

Switzerland

Tipitirize kuganizira mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma a m'mayiko oyandikana France. Mwachidule anansi zikuluzikulu monga Italy, Spain ndi Germany anali kuphunzira. Tsopano ife kulankhula za limati ang'ono. The choyamba ndi kufotokoza Chitaganya Swiss.

dziko lino ngakhale ali wolemera mokwanira, koma malinga mwachindunji kuti malamulo ena ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko. M'dera yaikulu analandira utuluke yaikulu ndalama, ndi kubanki. Today ku Switzerland pali magombe oposa mazana anayi. Chifukwa chosalowerera ndale ndi mobisa pankhani kasitomala zambiri m'dzikoli, otaya ndalama ikukula chaka chilichonse.

Kuwonjezera pa gawo ili, mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Switzerland bwanji mankhwala, mankhwala, adzasowa chakudya, kupanga ulonda, tchizi ndi chokoleti.

Zofunika, oddly mokwanira, ndi ulimi. Iwo amakonda makonzedwe apadera ndi boma. Ndi alimi amene zikugwira kupanga mankhwala wochezeka zomera ndi chiyambi nyama yoperekedwa phindu msonkho.

Bwino yapangidwa Switzerland ndi muzochitika za inshuwalansi ndi zokopa alendo. Otsiriza, makamaka umabweretsa boma franc oposa theka biliyoni chaka.

Luxembourg

M'nkhani ino tikambirana mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma a m'mayiko oyandikana France. Tsopano tikambirana ndi dziko laling'ono, amene ali ndi udindo waukulu ku chitukuko ndi kutukuka kwa anthu.

Duchy chimakwirira kudera la awiri okha ndi zikwi theka makilomita lalikulu. Anthu kuzungulira theka miliyoni anthu. Koma GDP pa munthu ndi za 129 madola zikwi.

Nthambi zazikulu, kumene kumakhudza mlingo wa chitukuko chuma Luxembourg, ndi makampani lolemera. Makamaka, mpaka 1997, anachita liwiro ndi zitsulo malonda. Lero sizikuyenda, palibe ng'anjo kuphulika, zitsulo kukonzedwa kuchokera zidutswa.

Anthu ndalama zofunika amalandira nchito utumiki, ntchito zokopa alendo, banki malonda. Anthu oposa theka la anthu yogwira wa Duchy ntchito m'malo amenewa.

Mu zokopa alendo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mumaganiza awiri - pogwiritsa ndi kukangamira-motsetsereka. M'munda wa ndalama pamtima wamkulu ali zikawonongeka. Choncho, mu duchy wa Luxembourg ndi mabanki oposa mazana awiri lonse.

Ndi chitukuko ngati mkulu, oddly mokwanira, akalipo ndipo ulimi. Miyambo kwambiri ndi kumabungwe zotsatirazi - ziweto, mphesa malonda ndi horticulture.

Monaco

Mukayamba kupeza mayiko m'malire France mu alipidwa mapu ndale ku Ulaya, simungathe zindikirani limati awiri, tikambirana pansipa.

The woyamba - ndi ukulu wa Monaco. Kameneka ndi dziko, mmodzi wa tating'ono kwambiri ku Ulaya. malo makilomita lalikulu awiri basi, ndipo anthu - pafupi 36 zikwi anthu. GDP pa munthu - 170 madola zikwi.

Kodi anachita zolowa boma ting'onoting'ono apamwamba? Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane.

Monga tidanena kale, mlingo wa chitukuko zamalonda m'mayiko France a oyandikana kwakukulukulu zimadalira makampani, ulimi, ntchito ndi mabanki.

Koma mu dziko laling'ono malo wamng'ono ndi anthu ambiri, kuti ngakhale makampani kapena kupanga ina ya katundu sitingakhale kupereka dziko ndalama.

The ukulu wa Monaco anayamba yekha zosangalatsa ndi alendo Boma la chuma. Iripano kasino olemera la dziko lapansi (mu mzinda Monte Carlo), namgwira siteji ya "chilinganizo 1" mafuko.

Kuwonjezera malo awa, ndalama zambiri amachokera akuyatsa moyo Kalonga banja pa TV, komanso mkulu-mapeto zokopa alendo. Malawi ku Monaco ndi mtengo kwambiri mu dziko. Mwachitsanzo, kubwereka wina chogona nyumba osiyanasiyana monga apa m'chigawo cha mayuro 4000 pamwezi, pamene malipiro ambiri yuro 3200-3500. Koma mtengo pa mita lalikulu la malo mu kugulitsa akuyamba ku mayuro 20 000.

Andorra

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mapu ndale, ndi mayiko izo malire France, ndipo inu simungakhoze kuwona izi ukulu nyenyezi yaing'ono kumalire ndi Spain. Dera la Andorra ali 468 okha makilomita lalikulu. Chiwerengero - 70 zikwi anthu. GDP - avareji 35,000 pa munthu.

80 peresenti ya aakulu mankhwala zoweta dziko amaperekedwa ndi dera zokopa alendo. Chaka chilichonse kuno pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi anayi anthu, ndi zambiri kukopa pogwiritsa ski.

Oyenera ulimi peresenti ziwiri zokha za gawolo. Kukula mu Andorra, mbatata, balere, fodya ndi rye. Nzosadabwitsa kuti dzina la dziko ndi chinenero Chibasiki amatanthauza "bwinja lokhalokha."

The vuto lalikulu wa ukulu wa Andorra ndi mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma a m'mayiko ena - France ndi Spain - zotsatira mwachindunji pa udindo wake. Zimenezi chifukwa chakuti ndi undersized dziko imports chakudya ndi zipangizo.

A kuphatikiza yotsimikizika ndi zofewa mfundo msonkho, osachepera phukusi la zachuma lomwe ndi boma. Otsiriza, makamaka, zimathandiza mabizinesi ntchito ndi pafupifupi palibe malamulo.

Komanso, pali ufulu wochita malonda nthambi. Choncho, mu ukulu wa Andorra, anafika pa achisangalalo m'dera ski, mugule apamwamba katundu French ndi Spanish pa pansipa mtengo wa 25-40% ya mtengo mu maiko oyandikana.

"Kunja" Anansi

Pomaliza tidzakhalanso kutchula States m'malire kunja France. Zikuphatikizapo Brazil, Suriname ndi Netherlands Holandesas.

Brazil - izo chimatengedwa ngati chimphona chuma Latin America. Iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu ku Mercosur (ophatikizana msika wa America South). Chamene wa makampani ndi madera kum'mwera. Amalima ndege, magalimoto, zitsulo, khofi, shuga, nsapato, nsalu ndi mankhwala ena.

anthu kwambiri osauka amakhala m'madera kumpoto kum'mawa. Komabe, midzi iyi tsopano wayamba kukopa ndalama zikuluzikulu view kukonza ndondomeko chuma dziko.

Mosiyana chimphona yapita, Suriname ndi dziko wosaukitsitsa Latin America. Chuma cha boma zachokera makampani komanso ulimi.
Apa kuchotsamo mafuta ku nyanja, bauxite, golide ndi zotayidwa. Kuwaza nkhuni.

Kukula kokonati, mpunga, mtedza ndi nthochi. Pali alimi chinkhoswe ziweto ndi nkhuku.

Okwana monga magwero boma m'madera amenewa amatanganidwa kota ya anthu ntchito.

Netherlands Holandesas zikawonongeka amaonedwa kukhala wamkulu mu dziko. boma amakhala likuvutika misonkhano, kuyenga mafuta ndi kayendedwe, komanso kukonza sitima.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife ankaiphwasula mmene chuma chikuyendera limene pali maiko oyandikana la France.

Zabwino zonse kwa inu, okondedwa. Ulendo kwambiri!