Mfuti yotsitsimutsa yotchedwa "Sprut-SD" 2S25: makhalidwe ndi zithunzi

M'ma 1980, mayiko a NATO anayamba kumanga zida zawo mwamphamvu. Izi zinali zolimbikitsa ku Institute of Research Scientific Research kuti apange lingaliro latsopano kuti apange zida zankhondo kwa magulu ankhondo a USSR. Pofuna kuti apange chida chothandiza chomwe chingathe kuthana ndi matanthwe a NATO, mu zaka za m'ma 1990, mgwirizano wotchedwa Volgograd Tractor Plant unapanga kansalu yokhayokha yotetezera 2S25 "Sprut-SD" yapadera kwa magulu ankhondo a ku Russia.

About olemba za chitukuko

"Sprut-SD" 2S25 ndi mfuti ya anti-tank yodziteteza ku Russia. Wopanga mapangidwe, wopanga kupanga chisiki, anali A. V. Shabalin. Mfuti ya 125-mm 2A75 ku "Sew-SD" 2S25 inakhazikitsidwa ndi VI Nasedkin. Ntchito yopanga chida cha Russian anti-tank chinapangidwa ku Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering.

Chiyambi cha kulenga

Mu 1982, pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yolimbana ndi BMP-2, chitsanzo cha SAU 2S25 "Sprut-SD" chinapangidwa, chokhazikitsidwa ndi 125 mm. Ichi chinali chitsimikizo chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi ndi magulu a galimoto amphibious n'zotheka kupanga chida chatsopano, chothandiza kwambiri. Oyang'anira bungwe la Central Research Institute Tochmash adaganiza kuti kupanga kansalu yowala kwambiri n'kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito tani yamoto "Chothandizira 934", chomwe chinali ndi mfuti yolemera kwambiri ya mmamimita 100 mmenti yokhala ndi masentimita okwana 19.

Mmodzi wa matanki amenewa anakhala maziko oyambitsa chifaniziro cha mfuti 125 mm. Sitima yapamwamba ya "Sprut-SD" tsopano inali ndi mfuti yokhala ndi 125mm. Pogwiritsa ntchito, dongosolo la nsanja lakale linagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ojambulawo anaganiza zoyenera kuchotsa zida.

Kuyesedwa

Mu 1984, chifukwa chowombera anthu odziwa ntchito ku Kubinka ankatengedwa "Sprut-SD" 2S25. Zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa njira yatsopano yodzilamulira zisonyezera kuti kulungama kwa moto sikunyozeka kwa mfuti yamatabwa, ndipo katundu omwe amachitira ogwira ntchito ndi mfuti pawokha sichiposa malire ovomerezeka. Pa October 20, 1985, gulu la Military Industrial Commission linaganiza zoyamba kupanga makina 125-millimeter a Sprut-SD 2C25.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani amene omangawo amakumana nawo pakukonza njira zogwirira ntchito?

Zimatanthauza P260, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyambika kwa gulu lokhazikika, panthawi ya mayesero likuwonetsa zolakwa zingapo:

• Kupanga kwawo kunali kofunika;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito P260 kunali kovuta.

Chotsatira chake, kugwira ntchito pa ndege ya parachute kumatanthauza kuyimitsidwa, ndipo malo a P260 anali otanganidwa ndi kayendedwe ka maulendo apadera, omwe analandira dzina la P260 M.

Kodi "Sprut-SD" ndi chiyani 2S25? Kufotokozera za zomangamanga

Nkhondo yoyendetsa mabomba ndi makina oyendetsa zida zankhondo, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zankhondo ndi makompyuta.

ACS ili ndi magawo atatu - malo:

• Pamaso pali chinthu chomwe chimapatsa mphamvu makina a Sprut-SD 2C25. Chithunzichi chili pansipa chikuyimira zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira. Nyumbayi inapangidwira anthu atatu: mkulu wa mfuti, woponya mfuti ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto. Pamwamba pa galimoto yolimbana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneko amamanga zipangizo zamakono powona masana ndi usiku.

• Pakatikatikati muli nsanja ya kuika. Izi ndizo nkhondo. Kuwona, komweku kwafunikila mkulu wa ogwira ntchito, ndi kugwirizana kophatikizana: kukula kwa ntchito yake kumapanga ndege ziwiri chifukwa chogwirizana ndi maso a laser. Pulojekiti ya 125-mm imatsogoleredwa ndi mtanda wa laser.
• Gawo lakumbuyo limatengedwa kuti ndilo malo ogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto.

Kukonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito kwa woyang'anira

Kumalo antchito akuluakulu, okonza makina opangira zida amathandiza kupezeka kwa zipangizozi:

• Tsiku la monocular periscope kuona 1A40-M1, yomwe ili ndi malo olimbikitsa;
• Usiku wa optic electronics TO1-KO1R;
• Laser rangefinder, yomwe mtsogoleriyo amayendetsa kutali ndi cholinga chake ndipo amapanga chingwe choyambirira pamapeto pa kuwombera;
• Njira yowonetsera, yomwe mokhota wotsogoleredwa umatsogoleredwa ndi kuyendetsedwa;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mfuti;
• Gulu lapaderadera lomwe limapanga ulamuliro wodzilamulira pazomwe zimayendetsa;
• Makina oyendetsera makampani omwe amapereka mauthenga ogwirizana pakati pa mkuluyo ndi mfutiyo.

Kodi ntchito ya mkulu wa ogwira ntchitoyo ndi yotani?

Mmodzi wa gululo, pogwiritsa ntchito masomphenya a usiku ndi masana, amayang'anira malo. Mtsogoleri wa zida zopangira zidazi, osasunthira mfuti, akhoza kuchita kuwombera onse kuchokera ku mfuti ndi makina. Izi zikhoza kuperekedwa ndi makina owombera moto: ngati deta yoyamba ikupezeka, makompyuta otetezera matani amawerengera maulendo ndi zowonjezera mothandizidwa ndi magalimoto. Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, mtsogoleri samayenera kubwezeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito rangefinders ndi maso. Mtsogoleriyo amatha kuwombera mwaulere.

Kodi chida cholengedwa chidaikidwa bwanji?

Gulu lopangira zida zotsutsa - ku gulu ili la mfuti linaphatikizapo galimoto yolimbana nayo "Sprut-SD" 2S25. Cholinga chake ndi ntchito zake zinali zochepa kuti amenyane ndi akasinja a adani. Poyamba, ntchitoyi inkachitika ndi matanki monga PT-76B ndi "Cholinga 934". Iwo adalowetsedwa ndi kubwera kwa 2S25 "Sprut-SD". Makina olimbana ndi moto, mosiyana ndi makina ena amoto, amakhala ndi moto wowonjezera. Kusintha ndi kuyendetsa kwa ACS yatsopano kukufanana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zida zankhondo za akasinja. "Sprut-SD" ndi PT-76B yamakono komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?

"Sprut-SD" ali ndi vuto lopanda mphamvu kuti athetse mtunda wa makilomita 500. Zida zoyendetsa ndege zimayendetsedwa ndi magalimoto oyendetsa ndege. Zolinga zamtundu umenewu zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kutaya makonzedwewo, omangawo amapereka njira zoyendetsera nthaka ndi ma parachute. Pa nthawi imodzimodzimodzi, ogwira ntchito m'galimotoyi ali m'bwalo lake. Pokhala ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yeniyeni, "Sprut-SD" ili yoyenera kuchita zolimbana pamadera akummwera ndi kumadera ozizira otentha.

A SAU amatha kulimbana ndi zida zankhondo zankhondo, adani ake amphamvu komanso olimba. Kugonjetsa zovuta za madzi n'zotheka kuti chisangalalo sichiposa 3 mfundo. Ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito zida zam'madzi ikhoza kukhala phindu la injini zamadzi zomwe zimakonzedwa pa chisiki . Kukonzekera kwapadera kumaperekedwa kudzera m'makopu a madzi ndi masentimita 34 masentimita ogwira ntchito ndi mawotchi operekera. Mapangidwe a dongosolo lodziletsa lokha linatseka zipinda za mpweya. Pamene madzi alowa m'nyumba, kupopera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu amphamvu a madzi. Kuwomba, "Dongosolo la SD" lingathe kuwotcha.

Pambuyo pokwaniritsa ntchito yake yolimbana, ACS imasinthidwa kuti ikhale yosungunula pamadzi pamtunda.

Mbalame za snowmobile ndi nsapato za asphalt zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito yamapiri. "Sprut-SD" ndi yoyenera kudera limene analandira mankhwala oundana ndi dzuwa, mankhwala ndi tizilombo. Chitetezo cha asilikaliwa chimateteza zida zowonongeka kwakukulu.

Makina opangira zida amatha kusungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha utsi. Pachifukwa ichi, okonzawo ankakweza mabotolo (zidutswa ziwiri) pa tsamba la aft la SAU nsanja, momwe muli zitsulo zisanu ndi chimodzi za 909B grenade pogwiritsa ntchito mabomba okwana 81 mm grenade.

Kodi galimoto yomenyanayo inalengedwa chifukwa chiyani?

Poyamba, SAU inalinganizidwa kuyimitsa matanki, magalimoto osiyanasiyana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito. 2S25 "Sprut-SD" - kumenyana ndi galimoto yopereka moto - inali cholinga cha mphamvu zowonongeka. Ntchito yomanga zida zankhondo inali kumenyana ndi magalimoto ankhondo kumbuyo kwa adani. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, linakhala mbali ya Marine Corps ndi magulu apadera. Zochitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 2S25 zasonyeza kuti, poyanjana ndi galimoto ya BMD-4 yomenyana yokhala ndi mfuti 100 mm mmomwe ndi Cornet ATGM yokhayokha, Mphungu-SD ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri osati kumbuyo kwa mdani, komanso kumenyana kwachindunji komwe Kuchititsa mphamvu za pansi pa zida zankhondo za ku Russia.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2001 kufikira chaka cha 2006, atatha mayesero ena, asilikali a Russian Federation analandira galimoto yolimbana ndi 2S25 ku "malo otetezeka".

Mfundo Zazikulu

Kulemera kwa galimoto yolimbana ndi matani 18. Ogwira ntchitowa ali ndi anthu atatu. Mphamvu ilipo ndi 500 km. Kanyumba kanyumba kameneka kali ndi makina asanu ndi awiri ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe amayendetsa galimoto, ndi oyendetsa galimoto, zitsulo zamatchi awiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamatala, ndi nsapato za asphalt. Kutalika kwa dongosolo lodziletsa lokha ndi mfuti ndi mamita 9.77.

Galimoto yamenyana imakhala ndi injini ya dizeli yomwe imatsutsana ndi injini imodzi yokha isanu ndi imodzi yokhala ndi jekeseni yowonongeka ya mafuta, yomwe imapereka madzi ozizira. 2-06-2С - mtundu wa injini yomwe imayikidwa mu "Sprut-SD" 2S25. Zomangamanga ndi injini zimalola kayendedwe kazomwe kayendetsedwe kayendedwe kawirikawiri kuchokera pa 45 (pafupifupi) kufika 70 km / h.

Njira yodziletsa yokhayo ili ndi zida zowononga zida. Gawo lapambali limatha kupirira makompyuta 23 mm zipolopolo kuchokera kutalika kwa theka la kilomita. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito galimoto yomenyana, zitsulo zamagetsi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito (chifukwa cha thupi lokhazikitsa dongosolo ndi nsanja zake). Mbali yapadera inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zitsulo. Kwa magalimoto omenyana amapatsidwa ma-radiyo R-173 ndi intercoms P-174.

Kufika pamtunda kwa galimoto yolimbanayo kumapangidwa kuchokera ku IL-76 (zitsanzo M ndi MD), AN-124. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusungidwa kwapadera kwa helikopita ya MI-26 kumathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo kwa chipangizo chokhazikika cha "Self-SD" 2S25.

Zida za asilikali ankhondo a Russia zinapindula ndi mfuti yokhayokha, yokhala ndi mfuti imodzi yosalala 2A75 ndi mfuti ya PKT yomwe inayendetsedwa nayo. Mpikisano wa mfuti yaikulu 2A75 yapangidwa kuti ikhale ma shoti 40. Kupanga makina ali ndi zida 22. Zowonjezerapo - 18. Zomwe zimakhala ndi mfuti: 7.62 mm. Mkanda umodzi wa mfuti imakhala ndi maulendo 2,000.

Ndi zipolopolo ziti zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Nkhondo za galimoto yolimbanayo ili ndi zipolopolo, zomwe zimathandiza kuwombera mitundu inayi:

• Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwapang'onopang'ono (maulendo 20).
• Kuboola zida (zidutswa 14). Pogwiritsa ntchito ziboliboli zogwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono zamtundu wa makilomita awiri, n'zotheka kuyendetsa chitsulo chokhala ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zimakhala zosapitirira masentimita 23.
• Zowonjezera zokwanira (zidutswa 6). Gwiritsani ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zida zoposa 30 cm.
• Okonzeka ndi makompyuta otsogoleredwa ndi tank. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zankhaninkhani zomwe zimapitirira 35 masentimita.

Zida zofunika kwambiri

Pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya tchire ya 2A46 ndi kusintha kwake, opanga 2S25 anapanga 125mm apamwamba kwambiri-anabweretsa mfuti 2A75. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukana kutsutsana pa nthawi ya kuwombera, kunali kukonzedwa kukhala ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chinasweka mu kuika. Koma chifukwa cha ntchitoyi panali mavuto ndi kubwerera kwa mfuti, zomwe zinathetsedwa poonjezera kutalika kwa kutalika kwa masentimita 74. Kuphatikizanso apo, kuyimitsa kwasitima kunayambitsidwa, njira yomwe idapangitsira zotsalira kuchoka pamalopo.

Mfuti ya 2A75 ili ndi makina opanga mavitamini omwe amakhudza kwambiri kuopsa kwa moto wa mfuti: Mphindi imodzi, n'zotheka kuchita ma shoti 7. Izi zimaphatikizapo:

• Njira yotumizira makina okwana 22;
• Njira yamakina imene imanyamula makaseti;
• Kutumiza makina;
• Njira, yomwe imachotsa ku nkhondo yoyamba ya zipolopolo zotayidwa.

Kutsiliza

Kutentha kwa galimoto yotsutsana "Sprut-SD" sikumsika kwa akasinja otere monga T-80 ndi T-90. Kuyenda pamwamba pa nthaka ndi madzi kunalola SAU 2S25 kufika pamtunda wa galimoto yolimbana ndi BMD-3. Chifukwa cha zojambulazo - mphamvu ya turret muzitsulo zowonongeka kuti ikhale yoyendetsa zowonongeka ndi kukhazikika chida mu ndege ziwiri - "Sprut-SD" ikhoza kugwiritsidwa bwino ntchito monga tchire loyandama, lomwe lero silinapangitse zifanano.

Gulu la asilikali lodzipangira okha, lokonzedwa ndi akatswiri a ku Russia, linachititsa chidwi pakati pa oimira asilikali a Korea ndi India.