Mbiri ya dola

Ndalama za US tsopano ndi malo osungira ndipo ndizofala kwambiri. Komabe, ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa za chiyambi chake, koma ndizosangalatsa. Mbiri ya dola ili ndi zaka zoposa zana, ndipo dzina lokha ndilo lalikulu kuposa United States of America.

Malingana ndi machitidwe apamwamba, mawu akuti "dola" amachokera ku Joachimtalerov - ndalama zasiliva, zomwe zinalembedwa mu mzinda wa Czech wa Joachimshtal. Mzinda uwu unali mu ufumu, umene unali wa mafumu a Habsburg. Patapita nthawi Joachimtaler anayamba kutchedwa kuti thaler. Ndalamazi zimayendayenda m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndipo pang'onopang'ono anasamukira ku New World.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tanthawuzo lotanthawuza tsopano ndalama za America, latchulidwa ngakhale anthu oyambawo asanalowe m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya America. Mwachitsanzo, mu masewera angapo a Shakespeare, maamboni amawerengedwa mu madola, kotero palibe zowona zenizeni za maonekedwe a ndalama iyi ku America.

Mbiri ya dola imasokonezeka kwambiri kotero kuti asayansi akudodometsa chifukwa chotsutsana ndi zovuta za mbiriyi. Kwa nthawi yayitali mu gawo la America anali akuyenda zilembo za German, mapaundi a British, mizati ya siliva ya ku Spanish. Zinali ndalama zasiliva zomwe zimatchedwa madola. Dziko la North America litakhala ufulu wodzilamulira, ndalama zatsopano zinkafunika, zosiyana kwambiri ndi ndalama za mayiko ena, makamaka omwe amaletsa kulengeza ufulu.

Pamsonkhano wa dziko la United States, womwe unachitikira pa June 6, 1785, chisankho chinapangidwa pa ndalama zatsopano, dola. Cholinga ichi chinaperekedwa ndi Thomas Jefferson, yemwe kwenikweni amakhala atate wa ndalama za dziko lino. Kuyambira nthawi ino ikuyamba mbiriyakale ya dola ya US, yomwe posachedwapa idzakhala ndi zaka 230. M'tawuni ya Philadelphia mu 1792, timakhala timbewu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zinayambira ndalama zasiliva zoyambirira ku America mu 1794. M'chaka cha 1863 munayamba kusindikiza ndalama za pepala.

Zoona zochititsa chidwi:

Ma US adatulutsa mabanki oyamba, omwe anali oyenera madola 5, 10, ndi $ 20. Chaka chotsatira, pankakhalanso ngongole imodzi ya dola. Iwo ankatchedwa "greenbacks" kapena "nsana zobiriwira", popeza zinali zobiriwira kumbali. Ndipo tsopano mawu oti "buck" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatchulidwe otchuka. Mu Russia, mawu akuti slang "masamba", omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku mawu omwewa, adayamba mizu.

Mbiri ya dola imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa ochita zonyenga omwe, mwachizoloŵezi chokhalirapo, amapanga ndalama iyi. Boma la US chaka ndi chaka limathera ndalama zambiri kumenyana ndi "ziwerengero" izi.

Maonekedwe ake, ndalama za pamapepala a ku America zimachokera ku mbadwa ya ku Russia, wojambula Sergei Makronovsky, yemwe anapanga mapangidwe a ngongolezi.

Mpaka pano, ma banknote ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira. Pokhapokha mu 1996 chilengedwe ichi chinasinthidwa pang'ono kuti chiteteze bwino motsutsana ndi fake.

Mbiri ya dola ya ku America ndi mbiri ya America, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pamabili a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi za White House, Capitol, Lincoln Memorial ndi Hall of Philadelphia Independence Hall pa iwo ndi nyumba zomwe zofunikira kwambiri zinachitika mu mbiri ya dziko lino. Anthu a ku America akhala akudziŵa mbiri ya dola kuyambira ali mwana, chifukwa moyo wawo umadalira kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa ndalama za mabanki awa, popeza ndalama ndi ntchito yaikulu ya American 100%.

Tiyeni tipereke mfundo zina zosangalatsa. US akujambula ndalama zake zonse mu mafakitale awiri. Chaka ndi chaka, amapanga mabanki oposa 35 miliyoni a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Mtengo wa bili iliyonse ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6. Ku US, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zonse zili pafupi.