Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe "Angara"

Angara ndi chombo chotentha kwambiri chomwe chinali mbali ya Soviet, ndipo kenako ku Russia, zombo. Iyo inamangidwa pasanafike pa Revolution ya Oktoba, lero lino imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sitimayo. Chimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zombo zakuda kwambiri padziko lapansi, pamodzi ndi zombo za Swedish ndi Finnish.

Ntchito yomanga chivomezicho

Tsiku lakubadwa la "Angara" laling'ono likuyambidwa pa July 25, 1900, pomwe sitimayo inayambika ku Listvenichnom (dera la Irkutsk). Sitima yokha inamangidwa mu Chingerezi Newcastle. Ku Russia, unaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Wogula sitima iyi mu Russia tsarist anali Komiti Yomangamanga ya Siberia Railway. Zisanayambe, adali atagwirizana kwambiri ndi oyendetsa sitima za ku Britain - ku 1898 ya Baikal yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito panyanja, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyanja ya dzina lomwelo mpaka 1918.

Zombo zonsezo zinkalamulidwa ndi cholinga chimodzi - kupereka zombo za sitimayi kudutsa nyanja ya Russia. Ng'anjoyi inakonzedwa kwa kanthawi, mpaka sitima zapamtunda zinamangidwa kuzungulira gombe lalikulu.

Sitima ya "Baikal" inali yaing'ono komanso yochepa mphamvu, kotero ntchito yaikulu ya "Angara" inali kuyika mu ayezi kwa mchimwene wake wamng'ono. "Baikal" sakanatsimikizira kuti katundu angatengeke bwino ngati kukwera kwa ayezi kukuposa 70 centimita. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kuti ayezi anali ochepa kwambiri.

Kotero, "Angara" ndi "Baikal" ankapanga ndege nthawi zonse mpaka 1906. Apa ndiye kuti kumangidwa kwa Circum-Baikal Highway kunatsirizidwa, ndipo kufunika kofunikira kwa zombo zowonongeka. Ndalama, monga nthawi zonse, zinali zosakwanira, kotero kwa zaka khumi ngalawa sizinali zofunika kwa aliyense.

Moyo wachiwiri wa chombo chotentha

Angara anayamba kuthamanga moyo wake wachiwiri mu 1916. Magalimoto pamsewu waukulu wa Circum-Baikal panthawiyi anali atakwera kwambiri moti sankatha kupirira magalimoto onse.

Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Revolution ya Oktoba, ng'anjo yotentha yotchedwa Angara, monga onse m'dzikolo, idasinthidwa. Malo ake atsopanowo anali kayendetsedwe ka galimoto.

Ndipo pamene nkhondo Yachibadwidwe inayamba, sitimayo inatembenuzidwa kuti ichite nkhondo. Anali ndi mfuti zisanu ndi imodzi ndi mfuti. Idachita nawo nkhondo pa chiwonongeko cha asilikali a ku Czechoslovak m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baikal.

Mu 1918, atatha kupha Nyanja ya Baikal m'manja mwa azungu, Angara adawomboledwa ndikuperekedwa m'manja mwawolo wa Baikal. Sitimayo inakhalanso wodutsa.

Mu 1920, pa kuthawa kwa "azungu" akulowa m'chombo, kuphedwa kwa anthu ogwidwa m'ndende ya Irkutsk kunapangidwa. Akaidiwo anavula zovala zawo zamkati ndikupita nawo ku ofesi. Chigamulo cha imfa chinaphedwa ndi Cossack Lukin pa malamulo a Lieutenant Colonel Sipailo. Anamenya aliyense wam'mutu pamutu ndi chophimba matabwa, chomwe chinali nthawi yamtendere pozizira. Pambuyo pake thupi la wogwidwayo linagwetsedwa pansi.

Choncho, a White White akupha 31 a Political Center - boma laling'ono lomwe linatsogolera Irkutsk kwa miyezi itatu ndipo linatsutsana ndi wotchuka wotchedwa White Admiral Kolchak.

Asilikali ofiira anabwerera ku Irkutsk kumapeto kwa kasupe. Kenaka chombo chotchedwa "Angara", chithunzi cha m'nkhani ino, chinayambanso kukonzekera usilikali. Chombochi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi zitsulo za Kolchak ndi Kapelle. Mwa njira imeneyi, chombocho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe - October 1922.

Angara "Angara": makhalidwe

Kutalika kwa ngalawa ndi mamita 61, ndipo m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi mamita 11. Kutalika - pafupifupi mamita 7.5. Chojambula ndi pafupifupi mamita asanu. Angara (Irkutsk) wothamanga chisanu chothamangitsira matani 1,400. Pa nthawiyi sitimayo inakumana ndi zombo zonse za m'kalasiyi.

Angara "yotchedwa Icebreaker" inali ndi zida zinayi zolimbana ndi moto zomwe zimakhala zovuta. Komanso pa sitimayo anali injini yopititsa patsogolo kutentha.

Kufulumira kwa chombo chotentha chotchedwa "Angara" mu km / h chinali maunite oposa 23. Pa injiniyi anaikidwa chimodzi chowongolera. Chombocho chinakhala ndi anthu 160, osati aŵerengere anthu. Kabukhu kolembera ndi matani 250.

Mphepete mwachangu ku Soviet Union

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, Angara, amene anali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino ndi anthu a ku Irkutsk ndi deralo, anagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati sitima yopita. Mu 1929, adagwa pamene adabwerera ku Kurbulik Bay. Kenaka sitimayo idapulumutsidwa, koma idakonzedwanso kukonzanso kwakukulu chifukwa cha chiwerengero chachikulu cha zowonongeka zomwe zinaperekedwa chifukwa cha ngozi.

Mzinda wachiwiri wa Angara womwe unakhazikitsidwa kachiwiri unakonzedwa mu May 1941 ndipo unasinthidwa ponena za chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe.

Mphepo yowonongeka pa nkhondo yatsopano

Panthawiyi chombocho chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sitima yonyamula katundu. Iye anali atanyamula mipiringidzo ndi nsomba. Pogwira ntchitoyi, adagwira ntchito mpaka 1949, pamene adayenera kuyimilira chifukwa cha zovuta kwambiri.

Pa nthawiyi panali mavuto odzidzimutsa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakale. Chotsatira chake, kukonzanso kunakokera kwa zaka zoposa 10. Pokhapokha mu 1960 "Angara" adathenso kupita pulogalamu. Koma osati kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mu 1962, chombocho chinasungidwa ndi sitima zomwe zili mbali ya zombo zogwira ntchito, pokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khalidwe lochepa. Panthawiyo, malo a Angara anali atakhala ndi zombo zamakono komanso zamakono.

Mpaka chaka cha 1967, chivomezicho chinali mu sump, kenaka anasamutsira ku Reservoir Irkutsk. Kumeneku kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha cholinga cha DOSAAF.

Yambani pa zitsulo

"Kuvala zisoti" kapena "kulola zitsulo" - ndizo zomwe akunena za ngalawa zotayika zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. N'zosakayikitsa kuti zomwezo zidzayembekezeredwa ndi "Angara", koma adapulumutsidwa mwa mwayi.

Pafupi ndi chombo chotentha chotsekemeracho chinangoiwalika. Iye sanadulidwe ndi chitsulo, monga momwe zinaliri pazochitika zoterozo. Ndipo sitimayo inakhala mu gombe la Irkutsk kwa zaka zambiri.

Amakumbukira za sitimayo yokha mu 1982, pamene adasankhidwa kuti ayigwire kwa Irkutsk HPP. Sitimayo inali pakatikati mwa mzinda, motsimikiza kuti idatsegulira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Chombocho chinasungidwa mu Solnechny microdistrict (Irkutsk). Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inalibe nthawi yochitira izo. Mu 1983, moto waukulu unayamba m'ngalawayo. Izo pafupifupi zinatenthedwa kwathunthu ndipo pafupifupi zinamira kachiwiri. M'dziko lino, chombocho chinapanganso zaka zinai ku Irkutsk Reservoir.

Kubwezeretsa kwa ngalawayo

Onse a Russian-Russian Protecting Historical and Cultural Monuments anaganiza zobwezeretsa Angara. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi cholinga chomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito sitimayo ndi mbiri yakale komanso yosangalatsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro limeneli kunapangidwa kwa zaka zitatu.

Mu November 1990, nthumwiyi inkaikidwa pamsasa wamuyaya ku Irkutsk Reservoir.

Kuwonetserako kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale

Kuchokera apo, nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale ikugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chotengera ichi. Chiwombankhanga chotchedwa "Angara" (Irkutsk) chinasintha mawonekedwe ake kachiwiri ndipo nthawiyi inayamba kutenga aliyense pa sitima.

Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba, alendo akuuzidwa za mbiri ya kayendedwe ka Nyanja ya Baikal, yomwe ili zaka zoposa zana, ndiye mbiri ya "Angara" yokhayokha.

Chiwonetsero choyamba cha ziwonetsero, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'mbiri yonse ya kutumiza kumalo awa, zidagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Izi zimadziwika ndi njira ya moyo ndi moyo wa ku Siberia komweko, kuyambira kale. Zambiri zimaphatikizapo kayendedwe ka boma: a Irkutsk Admiralty, omwe amayang'anira zombo zonse ndi oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi pa Russia, ndi ku sukulu zapamadzi, kukonzekera abwanamkubwa atsopano ndi oyang'anira panyanja.

Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa ntchito ya makampani oyendetsa payekha ku Lake Baikal. Mmodzi wa iwo anali "Angara" yotchedwa icebreaker. Komanso, alendo angaphunzire za kukula kwa njanji ya Baikal, pambuyo pomanga njira ina yomwe imayambira. Mwachangu mpaka nthawi yathu, mbiriyakale ya Company ya East Siberian Shipping yaphunzira.

Pachigawo chimenecho cha chiwonetserocho, chomwe chimaperekedwera mwachindunji kwa chivomezichi, chimapereka zithunzi zoyambirira ndi umboni wolemba momwe chiyambi chake chinayambira. Mutha kuona katundu wa anthu omwe kale anali ogwira ntchito. Ulendo wa ngalawa umatha mu chipinda cha injini - mtima wa sitima iliyonse. Pano mukhoza kudziwonera ntchito ya makina omangidwa ndi kampani ya Chingerezi.

Akalonga a chivomezi

Chifukwa chake pachimphepo chowombera chisanu sichinali kapitawo mmodzi, yemwe adatsogolera "Angara". Kapiteni Mazur ndiye anali woyamba kuyendetsa sitimayo mu 1900. Otsiriza - Nikolay Zubkov, potsiriza anaika chombo pa doko mu 1963-m.

Chofunika kwambiri pamapeto a "Angara" adasewera George Lazo. Iye ndi mbadwa ya Irkutsk, wam'ng'ono wazaka 14 kuposa wozizira. Iye analota za ntchito ya oyendetsa sitima kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Pambuyo pa maphunziro a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, sindinathe kulowa m'sukulu zonse zamakono ndikupita ku Listvyanka kukamenya. Anayamba kugwira ntchito monga woyenda panyanja ali ndi zaka 16 zokha.

Kubwerera kuchoka ku msonkhano, adalowa maphunziro a captain ndipo adalandira udindo woyenera. Kuyambira mu 1941, iye anayamba kugwira ntchito monga wothandizira kapitala wa Angara, kenako nkukhala woyang'anira.

Anali Lazo amene adatsogolera kayendetsedwe ka sitimayo mu 1953, pamene sitimayo inkafuna kukonzanso kwakukulu.

Kodi mungapite bwanji ku "Angara"?

Kuti muwone bwatoli ndi maso anu, muyenera kuti mubwere ku Irkutsk. Pano simungangokondwera ndi kukongola kwa Baikal, koma pitani pa sitima yapaderayi.

Iye waima mu resitvoir Irkutsk mu microdistrict Solnechny. Chiwonetserocho chimapezeka kwa alendo masiku asanu pa sabata, kupatulapo Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri. Zitseko za nyumba yosungirako zowonongeka ndizowonekera kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 18.00.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti iyi ndi ntchito yosakhala yamalonda yomwe imalandira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku boma. Wolembayo ndi yemwe amapanga zolembazo ndi Eduard Hawailer, wotchuka ku Irkutsk.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, polojekitiyo inakambidwa mobwerezabwereza pamasewera osiyanasiyana a museum. Choncho, mu 2003 adalandira diploma ya digiri yoyamba pampikisano "Historical Monuments of My Little Motherland". Mu mphoto zake zogwira ntchito komanso zambiri.