Mbiri ya Arabia ndi Iraq

France akuyesera kunena kukopa kwake mu Oman kuti msilikaliyo malonda ndi asilikali m'munsi pa khomo ya Perisiya, anatsutsa Oman gawo. Anglo-French nkhondo inatha ndi mgwirizano kukondera pa 1862 England ndi France anazindikira "ufulu" wa Muscat ndi Zanzibar. Choncho, France yanjanitsidwani ndi gawo Oman ndi; England wakhala anavomereza pa mawu ake "ufulu" kuti kwenikweni yomweyo kusokoneza ake. Pafupifupi zaka khumi (1862-1871 gg.) Oman chidafundidwa ndi kugalukira otchuka motsutsa zidole British Sultan Suveyni (1856-1866 gg.). kupanduka Iwowa amapereka Wahhabi Najd, amafuna kuti abwezeretse mphamvu zake zakale Oman. Mosiyana ndi mgwirizano mu 1862 England poyera kanthu nkhani Omani. Madziwa Suveyni mfuti ndi zombo kulimbana ndi anthu, mabomba midzi kupanduka ndi m'midzi, analamula kuti asiye izo mafumu kukhala protégé awo. Olamulira British wa Muscat anathandiza adzaletse kugalukira otchuka.

Mu 1861, Britain chikangoperekedwa ndi protectorate pangano Sheikh la Bahrain Island. panganolo anauzidwa ndi Turkey ndi Perisiya, omwe amaona Bahrain cholowa chake. Mu 1865, pa kupanduka mu Oman, mlendo English mu Gulf analowa likulu Wahhabi wa al-Riyadh ndipo analandira pangano kuti wolamulira Wahhabi anayesetsa kuti athandize opandukawo Omani. Nafenso Britain anapereka Najd kupereka msonkho zonse ku Oman. Mu 50s a British anagwidwa pa chakumwera kwa Arabia ndi chilumba cha Perim pachilumba Muriyya curiae. Mbiri ya Arabia ndi Iraq.

Kulimbikitsidwa udindo wa Britain ndi Iraq, kumene 60 ntchentche wa kampani British anakhazikitsa Lynch mtsinje navigation pa Tigirisi - pakati Baghdad ndipo Basra. Nayenso Basra kumachititsanso zonse "English ulendo mwa nyanja ku madoko a ku Persian Gulf ndi India, ndi pambuyo kutsegula kwa a Suez Canal ndi madoko a ku Ulaya. Mu nthawi yomweyo, British imachitika kudzera Iraq mzere East Indian Telegraph. zonsezi onse achititsa kuti chitukuko cha malonda British ndi Iraq ndi Perisiya (mnjira kupyolera Iraq). amalonda English amawapopa kuchokera ku Iraq tirigu, ubweya, masiku. The kuchuluka kwa katundu British zinachititsa kuti kugwa lokhudza m'deralo.

Mu 1869, Baghdad anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe Midhat Pasha, wolemba tsogolo la malamulo Turkey. Mu ulamuliro wa Midhat Pasha Turkey kuponderezana watenga mawonekedwe aakulu kwambiri. Midhat umene woyendayendawu ndi theka-woyendayendawu mafuko Arab ndi msonkho waukulu adamfunsa unswerving malipiro awo, iye disarmed mafuko anakankha fellahin ndi mtundu wa Bedouin kutumikira usilikali mu la Turkey. Awa "zaluso" Ndiyeno 1869 ndi kugalukira yaikulu ya mafuko a Aluya, zomwe zinali nkhanza mosavuta mwa Midhat. Mbiri ya Arabia ndi Iraq.