Maziko a makhalidwe: chipangizo ndi zomangamanga

Chomenyedwa m'munsi kudziwika kwa anthu kuchokera kalelo. Mpaka lero, maziko chomenyedwa sasiya kufunika kwake. Madzulowo ndi zotsika mtengo komanso cholimba. Iwo akhoza opareshoni zaka 150, kapangidwe sadzakhala amafuna yokonza. M'munsi ndi wolimba ndi yozizira koopsa ndi atasemphana wangwiro groundwaters. Komabe, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa ndi chilengedwe ubwanawe. Kumanga maziko N'kutheka popanda ntchito zina zida zomangamanga, zomwe zimachititsa kapangidwe ngakhale mtengo.

Kuyala maziko chomenyedwa

Fundam wosweka anaika ndi kutalika kwa 1.6 mita ndi kukhalapo kwa malamba anatsindika mbali chapamwamba. Ngati mwaika mchenga ndi kukonzekera bwino ndi ngalande kapena cholimba analimbitsa lamba, kutalika akhoza yafupika. maziko wosweka yaikidwa, kawirikawiri m'munsimu yozizira koopsa a. Choncho ndikofunikira ntchito simenti mtundu M100, koma osati pansipa. Kapangidwe ayenera inali pamwamba pa nthaka ndi masentimita 30, pambuyo plinth adzabwera.

NKHANI apamwamba mwala kusankha

Ngati mwaganiza kuyala maziko a makhalidwe, mungagwiritse ntchito miyala sandstone, miyala ndi coquina. Miyala kuti ndi akalumikidzidwa osasamba ndipo Butov. M'munsi mwa amene anaika ntchito mwala waukulu, aliyense amafotokozera munthu ayenera kusankhidwa mu Poona kufanana kwa mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Ndi bwino kusankha ndege miyala iikidwe mwamphamvu ndi mnzake ndi kukonza matope simenti.

Kodi kusankha mwala mawu a khalidwe liti?

Pamaso kupanga, m'pofunika kupenda miyala maziko khalidwe. Pamene unagawanika iwo sayenera kumufunsa fumbi ndi wophwanyika. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mwala ndi oyenera ntchito. zinthu zina akhoza kufufuzidwa ndi amphamvu nyundo nkhonya, mawu akuyenera kukhala wangwiro ndi sonorous. mwala Choncho si kugwa. Sungani mfundo maziko, mungathe ngakhale m'minda. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mwayi kuyitanitsa, ndi bwino kutero. omanga ambiri sadziwa n'komwe mmene mwala chofunika ntchito, chuma amatenga matani angapo.

Pali vuto lina limene adzathetsedwa patsogolo ntchito yomanga m'pofunika kuti ayeretse. Sambani miyala si kophweka, pamafunika kwambiri kuleza mtima ndi khama. Ngati sanachite, ulusi mwala ndi ochepa zochepa makhalidwe ochititsa chidwi a guluu wolimba ndi simenti, mphamvu ya m'munsi mu nkhani iyi alibe kulankhula.

Mwala ziyenera pansi plintovaniyu, izo adzapereka kwa makilogalamu 30 a zinyalala. Unagawanika zinthu zingadziŵike ntchito njira ya. Imakhala pensulo kulemba pachiyambi, etc. ayenera kutambasula chingwe, imene masamba kufufuza za padziko. Malinga ndi chizindikiro analandira m'pofunika kuti mwala kugawanika. Kuchita zimenezi kudzathandiza ndi chisel, uko amene kukantha nyundo.

The njira ya zomangamanga chomenyedwa

Chomenyedwa Mzere maziko cholinga chowapatsa ndi ntchito ya umisiri alipo. Mmodzi ikukhudza kukonzekera yoyamba ya ngalande ndi unsembe wa formwork lapansi. Mu siteji yotsatira ladzala khushoni, amene adzakhala zigwirizana masentimita makumi atatu apamwamba konkire. Kenako zoyenera zovekera. The pilo m'pofunika kuyala maziko a makhalidwe. Pamaso kuika zinthu zofunika kunyowetsa mwala kuti adzapereka iye mkulu khalidwe guluu wolimba kwa konkire. Okwana mwala ayenera kukhala kusiyana, kakakulu umene uli wofanana 4 masentimita. Chamadzi phiri nkhani Sikuti.

Ngati mwaganiza akonzekeretse miyala Mzere maziko, muyenera kusankha kumene mwala machira, ndipo pamene jab. The mbali yaitali ndi supuni, pamene yochepa - amazunza. Aliyense chamutu mzere ayenera alternated ndi supuni, ndipo ili ndi luso lonse. Zomangamanga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sledgehammer ndi nyundo. The makulidwe akadakwanitsira wa zomangamanga ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

NKHANI ntchito

Zomangamanga chomenyedwa maziko zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito dongo. Iwo anawonjezera kuti njira ya zosakaniza. Komabe, si koyenera kukhala odzipereka. Okwana mwala kungakhale njira zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, "pansi tsamba mapewa." Chifukwa chaichi, anakonzeratu m'pofunika kuyala miyala maziko, osatembenukira ku poke pamwamba. Mabukuwa sayenera ting'onoting'ono basi ndi voids - wodzazidwa ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono. Komanso, onse odzazidwa ndi grout ndipo anaika machira zino. The makulidwe a mndandanda woyamba ndi wachiwiri sayenera upambana 30 cm, miyala iyenera asankhidwa kuti msinkhu wa mndandanda anali ofanana.

Pamene maziko a makhalidwe ndi manja awo, n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala musakhudze mzake popanda matope. Khazikitsa formwork kapena ayi - kuthetsa mbuye, zonse zimadalira malinga yosalala maziko ofunika.

Njira zina chomenyedwa kuika

Pali njira ina kuika miyala mwala, umatchedwa "pansi Gulf". Njira imene zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito formwork. Mphamvu makhalidwe a m'munsi si monga chidwi pa maziko awa ndi chovomerezeka kumanga kokha kuwala mafupa yomanga. Pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa zomangamanga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito akututuma compactor. Woterowo mpheto ndi kudzakhala kotheka kuonjezera gawo lapansi mphamvu peresenti makumi anai.

Kuika wa chomenyedwa "pa Bay"

chomenyedwa maziko chipangizo njira imeneyi ikukhudza koyamba maphunziro mlingo wa ngalande, ndilo kuyamba mfiti ayenera kumaliza krupnofraktsionnym mchenga woyera. The filler sayenera ting'onoting'ono basi, kenako anagona bonder zino. Zonse muyenera lembani ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono ndi kutsanulira njira madzi. Ndiye woyenera wachiwiri machira mndandanda ndipo kachiwiri blanketed chomenyedwa, kenako ting'onoting'ono basi. Pankhaniyi, luso ochiritsira amakhalabe Komabe, pambuyo njira ayenera kudzazidwa ndi pulasitiki.

Kuika buta "pansi bulaketi ndi"

Foundation ndi mwala chomenyedwa angakhoze kuikidwa pa luso, amene amatchedwa "kopanira." Choncho miyala ayenera kusankhidwa msinkhu wofanana. Care ayenera kumwedwa kuti mankhwala pa unsembe si movutikira, ndikofunika kusunga bandaging wa matabwa. Monga kukula yabwino miyeso mwala 20 × 30 cm lalikulu mwala Pankhani, ziyenera anatsimikiza zotsatirazi chilinganizo :. Quarrystone lifupi = 1/3 m'lifupi maziko. Nkofunika kuganizira kwambiri musanayambe kugwira ntchito.

Pomaliza

Mabwana a m'madera wakunja kwatawuni ndi malo mkati mwa mudzi abverana kuti amange maziko a makhalidwe, akukumana ndi funso la momwe maziko lililonse yomanga kumeneko. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira za izo kwa osauka miyala khalidwe chisindikizo ngati maziko sangakhoze kuima pa nsanja yachiwiri. Pamene osambira matabwa, amene ali kuwala, akhoza wokwera pa tsinde popanda kuopa. Ngati mwaganiza kumanga chomenyedwa maziko ndi manja ake, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ayenera zigwirizana matope ndi mwala mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Only ndiye tidzatha kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna.

Komabe, udindo mphamvu gawo lapansi ndipo komabe apeze butovyh maziko. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi thandizo la reinforcements, amangogogomezera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhaniyi. Izi zidzapangitsa m'munsi chinanso durability ndi zabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa maziko akuti ndi njira kuti kawirikawiri ayenera mpandawo, amene osati amapulumutsa mphamvu mbuye, komanso kwambiri amachepetsa mtengo wa ntchitoyo.