Mawu Loan. lexical sankakhala

The chodabwitsa cha mawu anabwereka, ndiwo mawu amene agwa ndi zinenero zina ndi ndinazolowera malamulo ake phonetic ndi kalembedwe - masoka njira kwambiri.

Pali zinenero zimene ngongole zambiri. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, chinenero Korea, pali mawu ambiri Chinese. Poyankha, Chinese, zinenero Hungary amakonda chuma chawo kupanga mawu atsopano ndi mfundo. Koma palibe m'chilankhulo kuti ngongole mawu kulibe konse, chifukwa n'zosatheka kupeza chongopeka lina anthu ndi mzake, kumamusokoneza umoyo ndale asapita, chikhalidwe kukambirana, chuma ndi malonda mgwirizano.

M'nyengo pamene "chitsulo nsaru" analekanitsa machitidwe awiri osiyana siyana ndi andale, anabwereka mawu English kubwera ku Russian mogwirizana ndi kufufuza malo. Pambuyo Launch wa yokumba Earth Kanema iliyonse European zinadziwika Russian mawu "mwezi." Ndipo mu nthawi ya Gorbachev analibe kumasulira mawu perestroika monga kukhazikitsanso ndi - zinaonekeratu mu phokoso wapachiyambi.

Tiyeni akukhala pa ngongole lexical. Iwo kudutsa mu chinenero makamaka m'njira ziwiri: mwa mawu ndi bookish.

mawu anabwereka chiyambi German: Skimmer (shaumloffel) Jack (daumkraft) kagwere achepetsa (shraubtsvinge) ndi ena ambiri amapezekanso mu chinenero cha Chirasha, pamodzi ndi zikamera wa midzi woyamba German. Pali kukambirana pakati pa mitundu iwiri, ndi mawu amene opatsirana "m'kamwa kukamwa." Ndipo sewerolo sanali molondola, ndi phokoso la mawu zinasintha. Choncho mawu a Russian panali mawu yachilendo imene talowa njira m'kamwa.

Nthawi zina ngongole ndi "awiri" mwachitsanzo, monga ofanana. Mawu akuti "phwetekere" m'chilankhulo cha Russian amachokera Latin America. Chitaliyana umatchedwa mbewu masamba pomodoro, kutanthauza "golide apulo". Onse mawu anabwereka ntchito chinenero cha Chirasha monga ofanana.

Ambiri mawu ngongole zimene m'gulu limodzi kapena buku la chinenero china ndi ndi Greek kapena Latin mu etymology ake. Mu ntchito mawu akuti "kutukuka", "sekondale", "malamulo", "demokalase", ife sindikuganiza wawo unayambira. Nzosadabwitsa pali nthabwala zinenero: "Kodi mumalankhula Greek, inu simukudziwa basi izo."

Njira ina kubwereka mawu achilendo - kutsatira pepala. Mosiyana ndi njira wakale sankakhala mwachindunji, imeneyi imagwira ntchito mozungulira ndipo ndi buku lenileni la mawu zakunja morphemes (ie mbali yaikulu). Mwachitsanzo: inawomba nyumba yaitali - inawomba nyumba yaitali (by mlengalenga - "kumwamba" + scrape - "scrape"), matanthauzo ambiri - kutsatira kuchokera Greek - polysemy (pole - "ambiri" + sema - "mtengo") (English.).

Chotero zinenero akuti, monga choncho, ali ndi bukuli Latin. Koma mosiyana ndaitchula olumala derivational, izi kutsatira ndi zamalankhulidwe, kuti amagwirizana ndi tanthauzo la mawu. Kasus (balati choncho.) - likuchokera ku mneni cadent - kugwa). Akatswiri wakale kalembedwe ka nkhani anatsimikiza kusintha mawonekedwe a mawu monga "kugwera kumbali" munthaka.

Ngati m'ma 20 ndi m'ma osiyanasiyana danga, m'ma 21 - nthawi ya chitukuko cha danga pafupifupi. Amazing adzatumpha pa chitukuko makompyuta chinathandiza zikamera m'zilankhulo zonse za mawu English mu dziko.

Mawu Anabwereka English, kudutsa njira mtundu wa anatengera chinenero Russian. Zizimva manenedwe, iwo kusinthidwa phonetically ndi grammatically.

Ngati inu mutenge mau ngati "Microsoft", ndi ngongole mwachindunji. Ndipo mawu akuti "Borg" - kutsatira chosakwanira n'zolakwika.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau "juzat" (ntchito ntchito), "chatitsya" (kucheza-macheza), "kuwonekera" (dinani-pitani) zimatengera mtundu wa infinitive Russian. N'koyenera kulankhula za zikamera wa slang. Koma ichi ndi chodabwitsa wina chinenero.

Tikumbukenso kuti pakati pa mawu ena ndi akutenga ndalama pali kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali masiku Romania mawu "Securitate" - chitetezo, koma ngakhale, mu chitetezo ntchito wamba English galamala popanda kusintha. Ndipotu, ndi anaikapo mu mawu lina kuti sankakhala si.