Mathotho: zitsanzo. Mathotho mu Russian

Tsiku lililonse timakumana ndi unyinji wa njira akuti luso zambiri ntchito mawu awo omwe, ngakhale kuonetsanso kuti. Tikufuna kukumbutsa mayi anga kuti iye anali manja a golide; Tikukumbukira nsapato, pamene iwo akhala mwa ntchito ambiri; mantha kugula nkhumba mu poke ndi hyperbolizing zinthu ndi zochitika. Zonsezi - njira zitsanzo za zimene Tingaone osati mabuku komanso mu mawu a munthu aliyense.

Kodi pa njira ya luso mawu?

Mawu akuti "njira" lachokera ku tropos Greek mawu, kutanthauza "mawu okuluwika" pa Chirasha. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ophiphiritsa, ndi thandizo lawo ndakatulo ndi prose ndi amazipanga limaonetseratu. Njira mabuku, zitsanzo za amene angapezeke pafupifupi ndakatulo kapena nkhani, zimapanga wosanjikiza osiyana mu philology ano. Zoopseza, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo anawagawa kanjedza lexical, syntactic ndi losafuna. Tinjira ta zili ponseponse osati mabuku komanso mu oratory, ngakhalenso kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku.

njira Lexical wa Chirasha

Tsiku lililonse tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu mwa njira ina azikongoletsa iwo, kuwapangitsa iwo limaonetseratu kwambiri. Bright njinga, amene ali zitsanzo osawerengeka mu mwaluso n'kofunika kuposa njira lexical.

• Otsutsana - mawu tanthauzo zosiyana.
• Mau ofanana - pafupi mkati tanthauzo la mayunitsi lexical.
• Okuluwika - kugonjetsedwa osakaniza ongokhala awiri kapena zinthu zambiri lexical amene semantically akhoza opotoka kuti liwu limodzi.
• Chilankhulo - mawu, wamba chabe mu malo ena.
• Archaisms - mawu chakale cha zinthu kapena zochitika kuti Akhristu masiku ano alipo mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu.
• Historicism - liwu kutanthauza zinthu zinatha kapena zochitika.

Mathotho chinenero cha Chirasha (zitsanzo)

Pakali pano, njira akuti luso oonetsa ntchito kwambiri zachikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri ndi ndakatulo, m'Chiarabu, ndakatulo, nkhani komanso mabuku zina. Iwo kukongoletsa ndi kuupereka masomphenya.

• Metonymy - kuchotsa Mawu amodzi ndi contiguity wina. Mwachitsanzo: Mu chaka chatsopano usiku msewu wonse udatuluka tiyeni makombola.
• Epithet - tanthauzo lophiphiritsira, kupereka phunziro mbali zina. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi Masha anali okongola silika mapini.
• Synecdoche - dzina la gawo lonse. Mwachitsanzo: Pa mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi maphunziro Russian, ndi Finn, ndi England, ndi Chitata.
• Kutengera - gawo makhalidwe zamoyo kwa chinthu zopanda moyo kapena chodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo: nyengo inali nkhawa, kukwiya ukali, ndi miniti anayamba mvula.
• Kuyerekezera - akuti, anamanga pa fanizo la zinthu ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo: Anu maso onunkhira ndi wotumbululuka ngati kasupe maluwa.
• Fanizo - posamutsa katundu wa chinthu wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo: mayi athu manja golide.

M'njira mu mabuku (zitsanzo)

Ankaimira mwa akuti luso sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a munthu wamakono, koma kuti sasiya kufunika mu cholowa zolembalemba olemba opambana ndi ndakatulo. Choncho, litotes ndi okokomeza zambiri ntchito mu nkhani satirical ndi zophiphiritsa - mu nthano. Ayuda ankagwiritsira ntchito pofuna kupewa kubwereza mu vesi luso kapena kulankhula.

• Litotes - luso ayi. Mwachitsanzo: Tili ndi fakitale ntchito wamba ndi fingernail a.
• Mofotokozera - maina m'malo mwachindunji lofotokoza mawu. Mwachitsanzo: makamaka masiku ano, chikasu usiku kuwala (Moon).
• Zophiphiritsa - fano umboni chifaniziro cha chinthu. Mwachitsanzo: makhalidwe Human - mochenjera, wamantha, clumsiness - zavumbulutsidwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhandwe ndi, kalulu, chimbalangondo.
• Okokomeza - kukokomeza mwadala. Mwachitsanzo: Mzanga ndi amazipanga makutu yaikulu, kukula kwa mutu.

okuluwika

Ganizo lililonse wolemba - likuyambiranso owerenga ndi sikutanthauza yankho mavuto anafunsa. A kuchita chimodzimodzi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mogometsa mafunso odzutsa chidwi, exclamations, apilo ofikira. Zonsezi - tinjira ta ndi mawu ophiphiritsa zitsanzo omwe mwina bwino kwa aliyense. ntchito zawo kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuvomerezedwa, chinthu chachikulu - kudziwa zinthu, pamene kuli koyenera.

Losafuna funso akuikamo mapeto a chiganizo ndi sikutanthauza ayankhe owerenga. Iye amatichititsa kuganiza za mavuto mwamsanga.

Losafuna mawu akuti itha ziganizo kuyesetsa. Ntchito chithunzi ichi, wolemba kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu. Modabwa ayenera chikutitsimikizira "njira".

Zitsanzo apilo losafuna angapezeke mu Pushkin ( "Kuti Chaadaev", "Kuti Nyanja"), Lermontov ( "Imfa ya ndakatulo"), komanso zapamwamba zina zambiri. Ndi applicable osati kwa munthu winawake, koma kwa m'badwo wonse kapena nyengo wonse. Ntchito mu ntchito zaluso, wolemba akhoza mlandu kapena M'malo mwake, kuvomereza zochita.

chete losafuna ntchito mwakhama digressions m'nyimbo. Wolemba si kufotokoza maganizo ake kudzera ndi zinagwira kwa tiganizira zotsatirazi.

Chiwerengerochi syntactic

njira zimenezi ndi zimatheka ndi kumanga maganizo ndi monga dongosolo mawu, mayikidwe a zizindikiro zopumira; amathandiza kuti lochititsa chidwi ndi chidwi maganizo kamangidwe, kotero aliyense wolemba amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njinga izi. Zitsanzo za makamaka noticeable pamene kuwerenga mankhwala.

• Polysyndeton - dala kuchuluka kwa mabungwe mu pempholo.
• Asyndeton - palibe mabungwe mu enumeration zinthu, zochita, kapena zochitika.
• Syntactic kufanana - kufanana kwa zochitika ziwiri ndi mafano awo kufanana.
• Ellipsis - dala kuchotsa angapo mawu m'sentensi.
• Inversion - kuphwanya dongosolo la mawu kumangako.
• Parcelling - dala Chigawo cha chiganizocho.

oyerekezera

Mathotho chinenero cha Chirasha chitsanzo pamwamba, zambiri, koma musaiwale kuti pali wina salembedwa allocated gawo kudzera mwa mawu. Chiwerengerochi Luso mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kulemba ndi kulankhula.

• Anaphora - kubwereza kwa zigawo koyamba kulankhula.
• Epiphora - kubwereza kwa zigawo komaliza kulankhula.
• Maphunziro - ndi pang'onopang'ono komanso kosalekeza kuwonjezeka kukwera kwa lingaliro wina ndi mzake.
• Pun - kugwiritsa ntchito mu chiganizo yemweyo mawu omwewo kuwomba ndi matanthauzo osiyana.
• Otsutsana - kusiyana kwakukulu pakati.
• Oxymoron - kaphatikizidwe mawu zosiyana momveka.

Table zitsanzo tropes

Ophunzira a kusekondale, omaliza zaumunthu zochitachita ndipo philologists kofunika kudziwa zosiyanasiyana njira akuti luso, ndipo pamene ntchito mu ntchito za Agiriki ndi chi. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, kodi njinga, tebulo ndi zitsanzo inu m'malo ambiri nkhani zolembalemba komanso yovuta.

Udindo wa njira akuti luso

Ntchito tropes kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku wodzikweza aliyense anachita wake kulemba ndi ophunzira. Ndi zosiyanasiyana njira akuti luso angapezeke aliyense zolembalemba ntchito, ndakatulo kapena prose. Mathotho ndi zithunzi zitsanzo za amene ayenera kudziwa ndi ntchito iliyonse munthu kudziona kulemekeza amene alibe gulu lomveka, chifukwa chaka ndi chaka, akatswiri a zinenero, asayansi kupitiriza anakafika m'dera lino la chinenero cha Chirasha. Ngati theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, atachira chabe mafanizo, metonymy ndi synecdoche tsopano mndandanda chawonjezeka kuposa tenfold.