Matenda ambiri protozoal

Mawu akuti "mogwirizana" mawu achigiriki akuti "protos" kutanthauza "woyamba" ndi "zoon" kutanthauza kuti "nyama". Ufumu wa zamoyo losavuta moyo Padziko Lapansi pakati woyamba. Ngakhale chikhalidwe chiyambidwe cha dongosolo lawo ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri, gulu lalikulu la tizilombo timeneti zimapangitsa anthu ndi nyama wakupha matenda protozoal. Anthu ena kachilombo ndi tizilombo kudzera vuto lawo, chifukwa iwo alibe kutsatira chiyero cha. Koma pali yosavuta, amene aphunzira kudutsa wovulalayo mothandizidwa ndi nyama zina - udzudzu, ntchentche, nthata ndi ena, kupulumutsidwa ku kulumidwa ndi sizingatheke. Tikupereka mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zimene ndi zizindikiro za matenda, njira ya mankhwala ndi kupewa.

Morphological yosavuta chithunzi

Total mu dziko pali mazana a mitundu mogwirizana. matenda Protozoal chifukwa okhawo amene ndinazolowera moyo parasitic. Mogwirizana zimapezeka onse a dziko, ndi kulikonseko: m'nthaka, mu madzi, mu mlengalenga, mitundu ina moyo. Onsewo zigwirizana yekha selo limodzi lokha, lomwe anaikira zinthu zonse zofunika. Ambiri sangathe amadziwa kusuntha, ndi chilombo ndipo imabereka yosavuta osati magawano, komanso kugonana. mitundu Parasitic m'kupita kwa kusanduka apanga ndipo anagwirizana njira zosiyanasiyana za malowedwe mu nyama yake. Choncho, iwo amene infest ziwalo thirakiti m'mimba, ntchito njira makamaka zakudya. Pankhaniyi, akuluakulu kapena cysts awo kutuluka khamu malo awo (ndi ndowe, mkodzo, malovu zochepa), kumene amakhala nthawi zina mpaka njira kukhudzana-m'kamwa (kudzera zauve ndi chakudya) sangagwere mu khamu latsopano. Mogwirizana, majeremusi m'magazi, kusuntha wozunzidwayo wovulalayo mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa. Palinso majeremusi, anasankha kugonana malowedwe m'njira gulu latsopano.

Matenda oyamba ndi mogwirizana

Kupezeka ndi kuphunzira lero toyambitsa matenda protozoan chifukwa matenda otsatirawa:

- amebiasis;

- malungo;

- giardiasis;

- toxoplasmosis;

- leishmaniasis;

- kaodzera;

- babesiosis;

- matenda Chagas;

- trichomoniasis;

- balantidiasis;

- sarcocystis (makamaka umakhudza ng'ombe);

- isosporiasis;

- cryptosporidiosis.

Tiyeni tione anthu ambiri ndi kuyamba ndi matumbo ndi etiology ofanana ndi kudwala.

amoebiasis

matenda umenewu umatchedwanso kamwazi woyamba ndi ameba. Kupangitsa iwo mitundu ina ya amoebas angathe kukhalira kokha mwa munthu. matenda Protozoal wa mtundu uwu akhoza anasamutsa munthu amene kale kachilombo. Amoebic kamwazi akuchita udindo wachiwiri mndandanda wa matenda oopsa. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamene nyengo yotentha ndi wodzala zinthu auve. Cysts majeremusi mu ndowe za zili kunja (pansi pa madzi) kumene iwo angakhoze moyo kwa milungu ingapo. Wozunzidwayo watsopano kupeza chakudya, madzi. Kunyamula matenda mankhwala mulole ntchentche, mphemvu ndi zina "" wa mwamuna. Kamodzi intestine ndi, cysts kuwononga zipolopolo awo ndi kuika mu m'matumbo minofu, kuwachititsa ulceration ndipo ngakhale necrosis. Nthawi zina ndi magazi, iwo angathe kubweletsa ziwalo zina monga chiwindi. Wodwala ali pafupi sabata pambuyo zizindikiro za infestation:

- ululu m'mimba;

- kutentha;

- kufooka;

- m'mimba (nthawi zina ndi magazi ndi mamina).

Popanda mankhwalawa matenda sizikutha, imbaenda perforation a linga matumbo, peritonitis ndi mavuto ena.

Matendawa imagwiridwa ntchito colonoscopy, ultrasound, PCR. Zochizira ntchito mankhwala "Metronidazole" kapena "Tinidazole".

Kuteteza protozoan matenda matumbo, kuphatikizapo kamwazi amoebic, imakhala makamaka mu mwambo wa ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Ndi kuvomerezedwa kuti muyenera:

- pamaso ntchito madziwa madzi anatseguka;

- ukhondo dzanja ndi thupi;

- Sambani zipatso, zipatso, masamba, anafuna anthu mowa;

- kuwononga tizilombo - matenda mavekitala.

Komanso, pofuna kupewa kuchititsa kafukufuku wa antchito onse ntchito makampani chakudya, ndi moto, kumene matendawa amapezeka, achite disinfection wathunthu.

giardiasis

matenda Protozoal kuti ali m'magulu monga matumbo, ndi monga matenda. Iwo amayamba ndi Giardia. Mosiyana amoebas iwo akhoza zimafalitsidwa kwa anthu kwa agalu, amphaka, makoswe, amene nawonso, ndi parasitic. Zimayambitsa matenda, monga momwe zilili ndi amebiasis, ndi kusowa kwa ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Giardia parasitic yekha mu intestine kakang'ono ndipo anasamukira ku nkhungu cysts mawonekedwe kuti ndowe akatulutsidwa kunja. Chilengedwe amakhala kuposa mwezi umodzi. protozoan matenda onse matumbo zinthu zingapo mwa zizindikirozi wamba - ululu m'mimba, ulesi, kutopa, kutsekula m'mimba.

Pamene giardiasis anawonjezera kuti iwo nseru, matupi awo sagwirizana dermatitis, kukanika pa mundawo biliary, ndi kutsekula m'mimba zingachititse kuti kwakanthawi m'malo mwa loko. Magazi m'manyi ndi zambiri ayi, koma ntchofu akhoza kukhalapo.

Matenda a giardiasis ikuchitika ntchito fecal kukhalapo kwa chotupa a.

Chithandizo ikuchitika mu magawo:

1. Posachedwapa kawopsedwe ndi ayambe matumbo ntchito.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito "Trichopolum" kukonzekera "Tiberal" ndi majeremusi ofanana anawonongedwa.

3. Kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, zakudya, mavitamini ndi probiotics.

Prophylaxis wa giardiasis ndi nkhani ya ukhondo, ukhondo komanso mosamala anthu, makamaka ana, mu ophimba pa Giardia.

cryptosporidiosis

Palibe odziwika osiyanasiyana, komanso matenda oopsa kwambiri protozoal. Mmodzi wa iwo - cryptosporidiosis chifukwa cha mogwirizana wa banja Cryptosporididae ndipo angathe kuyambitsa imfa. Iwo ali ndi m'kamwa-kukhudzana, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi Popanda kuchitapo kanthu a mitsinje, m'mayiwewa, ngakhale ngalande zipatso osasamba kapena masamba, komanso pa kugonana kumatako. Pakuti cryptosporidiosis ku chisumbu chachikulu, nthawi makulitsidwe amatenga masabata asanu ndi limodzi, nthawi zina mwezi, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba kwambiri. Komanso, odwala anati:

- nseru ndi kusanza;

- malungo;

- ululu pamimba;

- kupweteka;

- zizindikiro za kuchepa madzi m'thupi.

Anthu ndi matenda mkulu m'thupi angayambe popanda zizindikiro, koma iwo ali ndi majeremusi.

Cryptosporidiosis patsogolo kwa kapamba, cholecystitis, cholangitis, zimakhudza mapapo, m'mimba ndi kapamba. njira yabwino mwamtheradi amathandiza ndi matenda mpaka kupangika.

Kuteteza ndi sanitization chakudya, madzi, mkaka pasteurization, mosamala ukhondo.

Matenda protozoal matumbo, n'zochepa

Zikuphatikizapo balantidiasis, ndilo ponena ciliate Balantidium coli, ndi isosporiasis chifukwa cha zamoyo za mtundu Isospora. Ciliates Balantidium coli moyo mu kapepala m'mimba ya nkhumba, amene zizindikiro mwina kwina. Mu thupi iwo anachokera nyama yaiwisi kapena kudzera tingachipeze powerenga kwa matenda onse matumbo. Zizindikiro zazikulu za mitundu pachimake balantidiasis ali m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba, malungo, zizindikiro za kuledzera. Mu kusintha matendawa mu mawonekedwe aakulu amasonyeza mwa zizindikiro za kufooka kapena kutha palimodzi, koma munthu amakhala chonyamulira cha tizilomboto lapansi.

The izospory losavuta m'chilengedwe zili ponseponse kwambiri. Iwo amalowa m'thupi iwo alimentary njira. Nthawi makulitsidwe ndi anawonjezera kuti mlungu umodzi ndi theka, kenako matenda akuyamba bwinobwino. Wodwalayo malungo, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba. Mu isosporiasis ali ndi HIV angathe imfa. Chithandizo ikuchitika antimicrobial wothandizila "Fansidar", "ndi mankhwala a metronidazole" ndi ena.

malungo

Pali matenda akulu protozoal, mankhwalawa zomwe si Nthaŵi zonse bwinobwino. Mmodzi mwa matenda amenewa - malungo. Chaka chilichonse, sukhala kuti anthu 300 miliyoni, amene za 750,000 kufa. Imafalikira udzudzu woyambitsa malungo nthawi ya woyamwa mwazi wa iwo. Pali malungo padziko lonse, kuwonjezera pa madera ozizira kwambiri kutentha, monga otsika zimawononga udzudzu. Plasmodium falciparum magazi adalowa chiwindi, kumene iwo ali ndi ntchito wosangalatsa anayamba kuchulukitsa ndi kugawikana yosavuta. tiziromboti wina angapereke 40,000 zamoyo latsopano! Kuwatcha merozoites. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika wodwalayo popanda zizindikiro. Patapita masabata asanu ndi merozoites achinyamata kusiya chiwindi ndi kupita magazi. Apa iwo amagwira maselo ofiira ndi kuyamba ntchito tizilombo. Pankhaniyi, anati:

- kutentha thupi

- khungu mutu;

- kuzizira;

- kusanza;

- kupweteka;

- zina imfa ya chikumbumtima;

- magazi m'thupi;

- ischemia;

- Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mu mkodzo hemoglobin.

Kwa zaka zambiri, malungo mankhwala kwinini. mankhwala atsopano, monga "Artesunate", "Amodiaquine", "Kotrifazit" "Mefloquine" Yemwe anazikonza ndi ena. Ena mwa iwo ntchito osati mankhwala komanso kupewa. Katemera malungo, mwatsoka, palibe.

toxoplasmosis

Izi ndi protozoal matenda oopsa kwambiri, makamaka kwa makanda. Kuyambitsa Toxoplasma ake losavuta gondii. Gwero la matenda ambiri kwambiri (180 mitundu), nyama zoweta ndi zakuthengo. Malinga WHO, toxoplasmosis kachilombo theka la anthu. matenda zimayambitsa ndi:

- kugwiritsa ntchito akhala kukonzedwa nyama, mazira, mkaka;

- kukhudzana ndi ziweto odwala;

- manja zauve (atagwira ntchito ndi nyama yowola);

- kufala intrauterine;

- magazi ndi / kapena kupatsidwa zina ziwalo;

- ana a makolo - onyamula tizilombo.

Zizindikiro ingakhale monga iyi:

- kutentha;

- mutu;

- kusanza;

- ziwalo;

- zotupa ziwalo zambiri ndipo kachitidwe.

Toxoplasmosis kumachitika m'njira ziwiri - pachimake ndi aakulu, ndipo akhoza kukhala mwina kobadwa nako kapena kugula.

Kuti madokotala ananena zawo makanda ndi osauka kwambiri, pofuna kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo wochititsidwa mankhwala kuzikonzanso. Ena a chithandizo si chofunika, monga mawonekedwe wokonda toxoplasmosis akuthamanga yokha.

babesiosis

matenda Izi protozoan amakhudza anthu ndi nyama. A chonyamulira cha tizilomboto ndi nthata. zizindikiro:

- kutentha;

- malungo;

- anawonjezera chiwindi ndi ndulu.

nyama kusonyeza kuwonongeka lakuthwa, kutsekula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kufupika kwa mpweya, wamagazi mkodzo, mkaka wa ng'ombe amakhala owawa, nkhosa ophedwa pochotsa mimba mimba. Imfa mwa nyama babesiosis - 80%.

Anthu, matenda angakhale wofatsa ndi aakulu mitundu. Chithandizo ikuchitika kukonzekera "Beren", "Albargin", "Akaprin" ndi ena.

Kupewa matenda protozoal odza ndi tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa, mabodza makamaka kuonongeka kwawo, komanso katemera.

matenda zosowa

Komanso, pali ambiri protozoal matenda anapezeka m'madera ochepa. Iwo akhoza kudwala, pitani kutchuthi kapena kugwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu otentha Africa wamba otchedwa kaodzera, amene amapereka mphoto kwa anthu za kambalame zimafalitsa ntchentche. Pambuyo zizindikiro wake woyamba kuluma kuonekera patatha masabata 1-3. Izo zikhoza kukhala mutu ndi molumikizana mafupa, kutentha thupi, kuyabwa. Mu miyezi ingapo munthu ali dzanzi, chisokonezo, disorientation mu gululi. Chithandizo cha matenda a kaodzera mankhwala okha.

Mu Latin America, pali vuto lina, wotchedwa matenda Chagas. Kuzibweretsa izo kwa anthu kapena nampsopsonetsa nsikidzi kuti zimafalitsa mogwirizana mitundu Trypanosoma cruzi. Symptomatology matenda yaikulu monga njira yotupa zimachitika ziwalo zambiri; mtima, chiwindi, minofu, ubongo ndi msana, ndi kusintha osachiritsika ziwalo mu nkhani iyi ndi kulisiya. Matendawa amapezeka mu magawo awiri. Pakuti loyamba amakhala ndi ululu pamimba, chifuwa, minofu ya thupi lonse, mtima kulephera, malungo, kupuma movutikira. Yachiwiri ambiri kachilombo asymptomatic, koma ena ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa manjenje, m'mimba ndi machitidwe a mtima.

Kupewa matenda protozoal ndi tizilombo

Mogwirizana matenda zinthu zambiri zofanana ndi matenda HIV. Kotero, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya malungo (matendawa, wachikasu, West Nile, Karelian) chifukwa mavairasi osiyana ndi kuwanyamula ku wathanzi udzudzu odwala. Chinanso chonyamulira mogwirizana ndi mavairasi - mite, amene amaluma zingachititse encephalitis. Bwino lomwe ambiri a ife rotavirus tikalowa m'thupi la munthu wolakwiridwayo, ngati si kumvera malamulo a ukhondo.

Popeza njira ya matenda ndi tizilombo protozoan ndi mavairasi si wosiyana kwambiri, kukhala kwakukulukulu ofanana ndi kupewa protozoal ndi matenda tizilombo. Mwachisawawa A. T. mu mgwirizano ndi GM ndi Eshtokin Abdusalamov FM anamasulidwa buku limene anafotokoza ambiri opatsirana, mafangasi matenda helminthic. Komanso Ikufotokozanso kuwachitira ndi momwe mungadzitetezere ku iwo. Chinthu chachikulu kuti muyenera kutsatira nthawi zonse ndipo onse, - ukhondo ndi ukhondo. postulates Awa chotchinga kwa majeremusi ambiri anthu. zodzitetezera pa matenda, ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo, ndi kuonongeka kwawo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa malo. Koma katemera - ichi ndi kupewa bwino kachilombo ndi thupi akufotokozera chitetezo chokwanira.