Masewera olimbitsa ntchito: ndondomeko, ndondomeko ndi zina

Kusankhidwa kolondola kwa mawu m'mawu oyankhulidwa ndi olembedwa pambali zosiyanasiyana kumafuna kukhala wochenjera komanso kudziwa zambiri. Mawu ena samalowerera ndale, choncho akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo uliwonse. Ena, mmalo mwake, ali ndi mtundu winawake wa maonekedwe, ndipo onse awiri akhoza kutsindika maganizo omwe wokamba nkhani akufuna, ndipo amapereka zomwe akufuna kuti abise kwa ena.

Palinso gulu losiyana la mawu okhudzana ndi zotchedwa lexicon za ntchito yochepa. Kuchokera ku mawu omwe anthu amalankhula, amasiyana, mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe likugawidwa kapena gawo la ntchito zomwe amalitchula, kapena gulu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa. Choncho, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mawu omwe anthu ambiri amalankhula, ndipo ndi mawu ati omwe ali ofanana ndi mawu ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa mawu a Chirasha.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Tikamayankhula za kugawikana kwa chilankhulo cha Chirasha kukhala magulu, timayamba kulankhula za mawu omveka bwino komanso mawu ochepa a ntchito yochepa. Zomalizazi, monga tazitchulidwa kale, zimagawanika m'zinenero, zolemba zamaluso ndi zogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mawu onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "zinthu zowonongeka" ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi slang, pamene poyamba ndi monolithic ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri okha: . Kutsogoleredwa ndi gulu ili, mukhoza kudzifotokozera nokha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawu ena.

Masalimo ogwiritsira ntchito

Gawoli ndilo lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo chida chachikulu cha Chirasha, chomwe kwenikweni chimayimira maziko ake. Gawoli la thumba lakutchulidwanso limatchedwanso anthu onse, chifukwa mawu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu ndi kumvetsetsa ndi anthu onse olankhula Chirasha kapena ochuluka kwambiri. Ili ndilo chiyambi cha chinenero chamagwiritsa ntchito, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'kamwa komanso pamalankhula. Kuwonjezera apo, ndilo mawu ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri omwe ndi maziko omwe kenako mfundo za lexicon zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zilipo - mawu, slang, zamalonda.

Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo mawu otsatirawa: pitani, mudye, muziwerenga, bukhu, chakudya, madzi, zipatso, nyama, nyengo yozizira, nyengo, chilimwe, mawu, mtsikana, mutu ndi ena.

Kuwonjezera pa izi? Mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidule akhoza kugawa m'magulu awiri: mawu osasinthasintha komanso amitundu. Zoterezi zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pakamwa, pamasewero kapena malemba. Amapangitsa kulankhula kukhala wamoyo kwambiri, samalola kuti akhale ngati mawu owuma a dikishonale kapena zolemba zamaganizo, amathandiza kufotokoza malingaliro a wokamba nkhani kapena maganizo a wolemba pa zomwe akulemba.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pali kusinthasintha kwapakati pakati pa zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mawu ochepa pa gawo la ntchito. Nthawi zina mawu osalowerera m'nkhani amatha kukhala mndandanda wa zamaganizo kapena zamaluso, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mawu a chilankhulo amakhala mawu ogwiritsira ntchito.

Masewera olimbitsa ntchito: mitundu

Chigawo ichi cha zilembo za Chirasha chimaphatikizapo magulu angapo mkati mwake omwe angathe kupatukana. Mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopereŵera, mwachitsanzo, amaphatikizapo mawu omwe ali ndi zilankhulidwe zina, mawu apadera omwe amaphatikizapo mawu ndi ntchito, iliyonse yamagulu (kuphatikizapo slang). Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yoyamba ndi yotsiriza sichiphatikizidwa m'zinenero za Chirasha ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa pokha.

Mawu osasintha

Chilankhulo m'madera onse osiyana a dzikoli ali ndi zifukwa zake: foni, grammatical ndi, ndithudi, lexical. Kawirikawiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kwa alendo kuti amvetsere mawu a anthu ammudzi. Kawirikawiri mawu achiyankhulo angagawidwe m'magulu angapo:

• Mafoni a mafoni;
• Zilembo zamagalama;
• Zilembo zamatsenga.

Mafoni a fonikasi amasiyanasiyana ndi chilembo cholembedwa ndi mawu okha, choncho savuta kumvetsa zomwe zanenedwa. Mwachitsanzo - kulowetsa phokoso "c" la phokoso "h" komanso mosiyana m'mabuku ena a kumpoto chakumadzulo: munthu, nemchi. Kapena kutonthozedwa kwa syllable "ka" kumaphatikizidwe a zilankhulo za kummwera: mbiya, Vanka.

Zilembedwe za zilembo ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi momwe zilili m'chinenerochi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa zilankhulo za South Russia, ndizofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito pazimayi chachikazi mawu omwe, malinga ndi malemba, ndiwo mawu a pakati: munda wonse, umene uli ndi nyama.

Zilembo zamatsenga ndizozosavuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndizo zomwe zimasiyanitsa chilankhulidwe cha malo amodzi kuchokera ku chinenero china. M'mawu a chinenero, gulu lapadera lotchedwa ethnographies limasankhidwa - mawu omwe amasonyeza zinthu ndi malingaliro omwe ali ofanana ndi malo ena. Mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthano, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo zolemba zamakono zimapatsidwa chithunzi chapadera, ndipo zokamba za anthuwa ndizowona, "zachibadwa".

Mawu apadera

Kwa mawu a mawu ogwiritsira ntchito moperewera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso, ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda wina wa ntchito. Kawirikawiri mawu awa ndi amodzi omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lina, lomveka kwa onse oimira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zina mwazolemba ndi dzina losavomerezeka la chinthu kapena ndondomeko, ndipo dzina laulemu lidzakhala kale.

Mwachitsanzo, mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chitsulo chosungunuka mu ladle ndi ofiira, koma metallurgists okha amatcha "mbuzi". Pankhaniyi ndi "mbuzi" yomwe idzakhala yophunzitsa.

"Khungu" - luso, ntchito komanso kunja kwa malo odziwa bwino ntchito. Dzina lovomerezeka lidzakhala "sandpaper".

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ntchito zamalonda ndizochepa "systemic" - amabadwa pamalankhula, pamakhala nthawi yambiri, kenako nkutha, m'malo mwa mawu atsopano. Koma nthawi zina amakhala osasunthika, kukhala okhutira. Pakati pa mawu ogwira ntchito pamalopo pali kusinthana, mofananako ndi kusinthanitsa pakati pa mawu ambiri ndi mawu osagwiritsidwa ntchito, - mbali ya mawu nthawi zonse imachokera ku gulu limodzi.

Kutchulidwa kwa mawu apadera - mawu

Mawu - mawu omwe amatanthauza chinthu china kapena lingaliro, ndipo monga lamulo losakhala ndi tanthawuzo linalake, kusadziwika ndi chinthu chofunikira pa mawu a gulu ili, ndipo "mawu" a mawu a dera amakwirira zinthu zonse, zodabwitsa ndi njira zomwe zili ndi malo . Mosiyana ndi mawu ena ndi matanthauzo awo, mawu amalengedwa makamaka. Ntchito yowonetsera pa iwo imatanthawuza kuthetseratu kutchulidwa kwa mawu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zolemba zomveka bwino kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, kulumikizana ndi mau ena mu gawo lino la ntchito.

Jargon

Argo, kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso, ndondomeko - iyi ndiyo njira yowonjezera ya chilankhulo cha Chirasha, momwe ntchito yake ikuyimira ndi magulu ena ammagulu, awa ndi mawu omwe amamveka "okha". M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawu ena osungunuka amatchulidwa m'mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikukhala mawu omwe anthu onse amalankhula nawo, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chawo. Zitsanzo ndi mawu ogwedezeka, aluso, linden (kutanthauza "bodza").

Slang mawu amapezedwanso m'nthano, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwelo monga mawu a chinenero. Chifukwa cha iwo, mawu a anthu ojambula amawoneka achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mothandizidwa, wolembayo akhoza kumasulira malingaliro a stylistic ndi mawonekedwe onse a ntchito, zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mawu "ofooka".

Mwachitsanzo, mu bukhu "Pambuyo pa Ukwati" Granina mukulankhula kwa anthu otchuka, mungapeze mawu akuti "Izi ndizo bwino", ndiko kuti, "Ichi ndikungoyankhula zachabechabe."

Achinyamata slang

Kuyambira pamene achinyamata ali gulu labwino, gululi liyenera kutengedwa ngati chinthu chosiyana, chifukwa chakuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ngakhale sitingakhudze slang a subcultures ndi mitsinje yambiri. Pano mungapeze zitsanzo zambiri za "kubwereza" mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndichifukwa chake "galasi" imakhala chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "makina", makolo amakhala "makolo", ndipo za munthu amene sanazindikire akunena kuti "adatha."

Gulu losiyana ndi mawu a ophunzira slang. Kotero, kwa wophunzira wosasamala, "mchira" wa zovuta zopambana sizinapangidwe, mu zolemba za wophunzira pali chisa cha "boas" (kuwonetsetsa ndi "kokwanira"), ndipo "mochedwa Stepa" kapena "stikipa" ndi maphunziro okha omwe amzawo sangathe kuyembekezera.

Kutsiliza

Kuphatikiza mwachidule, tikhoza kunena kuti chiwerengero cha chinenero cha Chirasha chiri chachikulu kwambiri ndipo patapita nthawi chimangowonjezera. Kuphatikizanso, kugawa kwa mawu m'magulu aliwonse ndizovuta, chifukwa kusintha kwa mawu kuchokera ku gulu limodzi kupita kwina kuli kosalekeza komanso kosapeweka. Zimathandiza kupeŵa kupanga zolinga zolimba ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito mawu ena, kusiya wokamba nkhaniyo ufulu kuti asankhe njira zoyenerera cholinga cha mawu ena.