Mapiri 6 apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi

Munthu nthawi zonse ankayesera kudziteteza yekha kunthaka, ndipo ndi maluwa a chitukuko, anthu adasankha kugonjera mphamvu za chirengedwe ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zawo. Lero tidzakambirana za magetsi akuluakulu odzaza magetsi, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati ofunika kwambiri. Tidzapeza kuti damu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi liti. Pansi pali 6 pamwamba pa mabomba akuluakulu pa Dziko lapansi.

Ndikuika - Jinping-1 HPP ku China

Lero ndi dziwe lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, lopangidwa ndi manja a anthu. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kolemera mamita 305 ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 568 mamita. Jinping-1 HPP inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2014 ndipo nthawi yomweyo inagwa mu Guinness Book of Records, chifukwa cha miyeso yake yodabwitsa. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inayamba mu 2005, ndipo zaka 7 injini yoyamba yamagetsi inayamba kuwonetsedwa. Pofika mu 2015, gawo lapitatu, lachisanu ndi chimodzi linatumidwa. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa magetsi a hydraulic pa HPP ya China kuchokera ku malo ena amphamvu padziko lapansi ndi mphamvu ya mayunitsi. Ngati magetsi omwe alipo panopa amagwira ntchito yokwana 300,000 kW, ndiye pafupifupi kW 600,000. Iyenso ndi imodzi mwa mabwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Dambo ili ku Sichuan pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Yalong.

Malo awiri - malo osungirako magetsi a Nurek ku Tajikistan

Kupangidwa kwa dziwe kunayambika mu 1950, ndipo patatha zaka 11 zokha zinamangidwa. Anangomaliza kokha mu 1972, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito: gawo loyamba la unit linayambika chaka chomwecho, ndipo yomaliza - zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kenako. Choncho, pofika chaka cha 1979, HPP inali kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndikupatsa magetsi 75%. Mu chaka, magetsi amapangidwa kuchokera ku magetsi okwana 11 biliyoni kW / h. Madzi a HPP sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuti apange magetsi, komanso amatumizidwa kudzera m'matanthwe opangidwa ndi miyala kuti azitirira ulimi.

Mpaka chaka 2013 idali dziwe lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutalika kwake kufika mamita 300, kutalika - 70 km. Ili ndi mphamvu yamadzi ya 10 km ³ , yomwe ili ndi 98 km ² , ili ndi majenereta 9 amphamvu. Pali dambo pa Mtsinje wa Vakhsh pafupi ndi tawuni ya Nurek.

Malo atatu - Xiaowang HPP ku China

Imeneyi ndi damu lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, kufika mamita 292. Lili pamtsinje wa Mekong. Ku China, malo okwera magetsi asanu ndi awiri akumangidwa, koma izi ndi zazikulu pakati pawo. Mwa zomangamanga, dziwe linamangidwa mwamsanga kwambiri: kumangidwe kwa nyumbayi kunayamba mu 2002, ndipo zaka 7 injini yoyamba inayamba kugwira ntchito, mu March 2010 ntchito yomanga idatha. Mu 2013, injini yotsiriza inatumizidwa. Damu ili ndi makina asanu ndi awiri amphamvu othamanga. Mtengo wamagetsi wapakati pachaka ndi 19 biliyoni kW / h.

Dongosolo lokonzekera linamangidwa poganizira kutsutsana kwa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake mpaka mapiri 8 pa scale Richter, ili ndi "wosanjikiza" wosanjikiza, womwe unamangidwa. Nyumba yosungira pansi pansi pa zomera zowonjezera madzi imakhala ndi miyeso yodabwitsa - pafupifupi mamita 300 m'litali.

Malo a IV - Grand Dixens ku Switzerland

Iyi ndiyo malo okwera kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ku Ulaya komanso yachitatu padziko lonse lapansi. Pali dambo pa mtsinje wa Dixens, womwe umatchulidwa ndi dzina lake. Chitsulo cha konkire chimafika kutalika kwa mamita 285, kutalika kwa mamita 695 ndi m'lifupi mamita 200. Gombeli limakhala ndi madzi a 0,4 km ³ , ndipo ngalande yomwe imayankhula ndi nyanja imatha kufika makilomita 100.

Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inachitika pakati pa 1951 ndi 1965. Grand Dixens imatenga madzi a meltwater kuchokera ku madzi oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu a valesian - ili ndi dongosolo lamphamvu kwambiri. Pachimake pali mapulogalamu oyendayenda okaona malo, omwe amachokera pamtunda ndi kumapiri.

V malo - Inguri yosungira magetsi ku Georgia

Malo osungirako magetsi a Inguri ndi dambo la Caucasus lomwe lili pamtsinje wa Inguri ndi Erisskali, pafupi ndi tauni ya Jvari. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa malo okwera magetsi oyendetsa magetsi padziko lapansi, kufika mamita 272 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 278. Pali mabowo asanu ndi awiri a mitsempha okhala ndi mamita asanu ndi limodzi a masentimita 6 kuti atulutse madzi. Mukumanga kwa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, magetsi asanu oyendetsa magetsi aikidwa, opanga 4,4 biliyoni kW / h magetsi pachaka.

Chifukwa chakuti chomera cha hydridiyoni cha Inguri chili ndi malo osungira madzi omwe amapita ku mtsinje wa Erisczali, womwe unali wa Abkhazia, mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko awiriwa ndi wofunikira. Choncho, makina a hydridiyoni a Ingur amamanga nyumba ya Georgian hydroelectric power (dambo, malo osungiramo katundu ndi mbali imodzi ya ngalande) ndi mbali ya Abkhazian yomwe ilipo komanso kumanga magetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, mu 1992, mgwirizano unagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa mayikowa pakugawidwa kwa magetsi kwa onse awiri (60% a Georgia ndi 40% a Abkhazia).

Malo VI - dambo la Wyjont ku Italy

Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa madera aatali kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe anamangidwa kumpoto kwa Italy, pa mtsinje wa Vayont. Kutalika kwake kwapangidwe ndi 261.6 mamita ndi kutalika kwake ndi mamita 190. Damu ili ndi dongosolo lapadera losiyana ndi lina: mawonekedwe ozungulira amakhala otsika pansi ndi akufutukuka mmwamba. Pansi pamtunda umakhala mamita 23 okha, ndipo m'lifupi mwake pamtunda uli pafupi - mamita 4 okha.

09.10.1963 pachitunda cha Italy panali mliri woopsya, womwe unanenetsa miyoyo, malinga ndi mfundo zina, kuyambira anthu 2,000 mpaka 3,000. Chifukwa cha mvula yamkuntho yomwe imakhalapo tsiku lomwelo, madziwa anagwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Vayont, 2 km ^{2 m'deralo} , ndipo miyalayi inasefukira kwambiri mbale ya gombe. Madzi otsetsereka mamita 90 m'litali anaukira malo onse otsetsereka pamtunda wa 8-12 m / s. Zamoyo zinatenga maminiti 7 okha kuti zitha kupha anthu zikwi zambiri ndikuwononga nyumba zambiri.

Masiku ano, monga tsiku loyambira mu 1959, dambo la Italy la Vayont likuwoneka mofanana, popanda zochitika zoopsa zoposa zaka zana limodzi.

Mu 2001, filimu yosawerengeka yonena za nkhaniyi idatulutsidwa, ndipo mafilimu ambiri a filimu amawachezera malowa monga ulemu wa ulemu ndi kulemekeza anthu omwe anafa tsiku loopsa.