Manauni Abwino: zitsanzo. Manauni - awo ndi ofanana manauni

Munthu aliyense amagwiritsa pa maziko mazana tsiku la manauni zolankhula zawo. Komabe, si aliyense amene angathe kuyankha funso limeneli limene gulu limabweretsa limodzi kapena mawu ena kuti mayina kapena dzina banja, ndipo ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo. Ndipo komabe, podziwa yosavuta zimatengera osati pa kulemba olembedwa, komanso kutha kumvetsa bwino zimene mukuwerenga, chifukwa nthawi zambiri yekha kuwerenga mawu, mukhoza kuona dzina kapena chabe dzina la zinthu.

Nauni: izo

Musanayambe kumvetsa zimene manauni amatchedwa yake ndi wamba manauni amene M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti.

Manauni ndi mau omwe funso "n'chiyani?" "Ndani?" Ndipo zizindikilo za dzina la zinthu kapena anthu ( "tebulo", "munthu"), iwo zosiyanasiyana kuchepa, jenda, chiwerengero ndi mlandu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mawu zokhudza mbali imeneyi ya mawu, pali payekha / banja dzina.

Lingaliro la nauni: manauni wamba ndi choyenera

Kupatula kuchotserapo yosowa manauni onse a gulu kapena chuma, kapena nkhope.

Dzina m'banja zakambidwa mwachidule zinthu homogeneous kapena zochitika, zimene zingakhale zosiyana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu zina, koma adzatchedwa mawu. Mwachitsanzo, liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba "chidole" - ndi manauni wamba, koma anafotokoza maina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana: magalimoto, zidole, Teddy zimbalangondo ndi zinthu zina gulu limeneli. Chinenero cha Chirasha, monga ambiri manauni ena ofanana nthawi zonse zinalembedwa zilembo zazing'ono.
Yoyenera manauni manauni - mayina a anthu kuti aime wa zinthu, malo kapena munthu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "chidole" - ndi manauni wamba, anangotchula gulu la zidole, koma dzina la otchuka mtundu "Barbie" chidole ndi dzina lenileni. maina onse yake yolembedwa ndi likulu a.
Tikumbukenso kuti manauni wamba, mosiyana awo, kunyamula ena lexical tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene iwo amati, "chidole", zimaonekeratu kuti ndi chidole, koma pamene anangomutchula kuti dzina lakuti "Mariya" kunja nkhani ya manauni wamba si bwino amene kapena chimene chiri - mtsikana chidole, dzina mtundu, ndi hairdresser kapena chokoleti.

ethnonyms

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, pali manauni yekha ndi manauni wamba. Akatswiri asayansi simunamudziwebe ndi kugwirizana pa nkhani ya mgwirizano pakati pa malo awiri. Kufalitsa 2 tione funso ili: malinga ndi pakati manauni wamba ndi manauni awoawo ndi bwino mzere wolekanitsa; mu wina, mzere wolekanitsa pakati pa kukha awa ndi malire chifukwa kawirikawiri manauni kusintha kuchokera pang'ono kwa wina ndi mzake. Choncho, pali otchedwa "wapakatikati" mawu amene simuli awo, kapena nauni banja, koma ndi makhalidwe a magulu onse. manauni Awa ethnonyms - mawu zikutanthauza mayina a anthu, mitundu, mafuko, ndi mfundo zina zofanana.

manauni Common manauni zitsanzo ndi mitundu

Mu mawu a Chirasha manauni ambiri. Onse a iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu inayi.

1. Specific - amaimira zinthu kapena zochitika zimene mukhoza kuziwerenga (anthu, mbalame ndi nyama, maluwa). Mwachitsanzo, "wamkulu", "Mwana", "Blackbird," "Shark", "phulusa", "violet". Specific manauni zofanana nthawi mochulukitsa ndi mmodzi maonekedwe ndi Chili mawerengero kachulukidwe "wamkulu - awiri akuluakulu", "violet chimodzi -. Violets zisanu"

2. Mkota - amaimira mfundo, maganizo, zinthu kuti silingathe kuwerengedwa, "chikondi", "Thanzi", "luso". Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa manauni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mmodzi. Ngati pazifukwa nauni ina ya mtundu umenewu wakhala mochulukitsa ( "mantha - mantha"), amalakatika tanthauzo lake chabe.

3. Zofunika - kutanthauza zinthu homogeneous mu zikuchokera alibe zinthu zosiyana: zinthu mankhwala (Mercury), chakudya (macaroni), mankhwala (Citramonum) ndi mfundo zina zofanana. manauni enieni zingawathandize nkhaniyo, koma iwo angathe kuyeza (makilogalamu a pasitala). mtundu uwu mawu wamba manauni ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa kapena angapo kapena osakwatiwa: "mpweya" - nambala osakwatiwa, "kirimu" - zochuluka.

4. Onse - ndi nauni, zikutanthauza kuchotsedwa zinthu zofanana kapena anthu, monga wosakwatiwa, indivisible lonse, "abale", "umunthu". Manauni wa mtundu uwu sangakhale chifukwa ndi ntchito kokha mmodzi. Koma iwo mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "pang'ono", "kwambiri", "zazing'ono" ndi monga: kwambiri rebyatni monga oyenda ndi ena.

manauni Abwino: Zitsanzo ndi mitundu

Malinga ndi phindu lexical ndi allocated kuti mitundu ya mayina manauni: 1. Anthroponyms - maina, aliases, nicknames ndi nicknames a anthu: Vasileva Anastasiya, Zhorzh Sand.
2. theonyms - mayina ndi mayina a milungu: Zeus, Buddha.
3. Mayina a nyama - mayina ndi nicknames a nyama maonekedwe achirendo galu, mphaka Marie.
4. yonse ya maina - maina malo, mizinda (Volgograd), Madamu (Baikal), street (Pushkin), ndi zina zotero.
5. Aeronautonimy - dzina zosiyanasiyana danga ndi ndege: a m'mlengalenga "Vostok" Inter-yozungulira siteshoni "Mir".
6. Mayina a ntchito zaluso, mabuku, mafilimu, TV, "Mona Lisa", "Chilango", "Ofukula", "Jumble".
7. mayina a mabungwe, Websites, zopangidwa, "Oxford", "Vkontakte", "Milavitsa".
8. Mayina maphwando ndi zochitika ena okhudzidwa: Christmas, wodzilamulira Tsiku.
9. Mayina a wapadera zochitika zachilengedwe: Mphepo Yamkuntho Isabel.
10. Mayina a nyumba wapadera ndi maofesi: mafilimu a kanema "Rodina", masewera ovuta "Olympic".

Choka umwini mu manauni wamba ndi mosemphanitsa

Popeza chinenero si chinachake umboni ndi zonse kutengera zinthu zonse kunja ndi mkati, mawu zambiri kusintha pang'ono awo: chuma akudutsa mu manauni wamba ndi manauni wamba kukhala chuma cha manauni. Zitsanzo za izi ndi zachilendo. Choncho zachilengedwe "chisanu" - kuchokera wamba nauni inasanduka nauni yake, dzina Frost. The ndondomeko ya kusuntha dzina banja chotchedwa awo onimizatsiey.

Pa nthawi yomweyo dzina la wotchuka German sayansi Wilhelm Roentgen woyamba anatulukira X-ray kalekale kukhala mu dzina la chilichonse kufufuza anthu awo cheza "X-ray" kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku chinenero cha Chirasha. Zimenezi amatchedwa apellyativatsiey ndi mawu - eponyms.

Kodi kusiyanitsa

Kuwonjezera kusiyana zamalankhulidwe, palinso kalembedwe, kulola kusiyana pakati manauni ndi manauni wamba mwini. Chirasha pankhaniyi ndithu zothandiza. Zimatulutsa manauni wamba, mosiyana ndi iwowo, monga ulamuliro, ali mawonekedwe ndi mochulukitsa ndi mmodzi chiwerengero: ". Wojambula - ojambula"

Pa nthawi yomweyo, gulu lina pafupifupi nthawi zonse ntchito kokha chimodzi: Picasso - dzina ziboliboli, nambala yapadera. Komabe, pali kuchotserapo, pamene n'zotheka ntchito mochulukitsa manauni mwini. Zitsanzo za mutuwu, ntchito poyamba ochulukitsa: m'mudzi wa Great nkhumba. Pankhaniyi, manauni omwe nthawi zambiri mosatsata pa kunena: Carpathian mapiri.
Nthawi zina mayina angagwiritsidwe ntchito zambiri, ngati udindo anthu osiyana kapena zochitika, koma ndi mayina ofanana. Mwachitsanzo: Mu kalasi athu atatu Xenia.

Mumalemba bwanji

Ngati kulemba manauni wamba manauni ndi losavuta: zinalembedwa zilembo zazing'ono, ndi ena ayenera kutsatira malamulo yachibadwa chinenero Russian, mu gulu lina, pali mfundo zina zabwino zimene muyenera kudziwa kuti bwino kulemba manauni zawo. Zitsanzo kulemba osauka zambiri amapezeka osati m'mabuku kunyalanyaza asukulu, komanso mu zolemba za akulu ndi anthu olemekezeka.

Kupewa ayenera kuphunzira malamulo wamba ochepa:

1. maina onse yake, popanda yekha, zinalembedwa ndi likulu, makamaka pankhani nicknames la ngwazi lodziwika bwino: Richard ndi Lionheart. Ngati dzina labambo kapena malo dzina tichipeza manauni awiri kapena kuposa, kaya zinalembedwa padera kapena hyphenated, aliyense wa mawu amenewa ayenera kuyamba ndi likulu kalata. Chitsanzo chidwi ndi dzina la kuchimwa yaikulu ya epic Harry Muumbi - Voldemort. Mantha kumutchula dzina lake, ngwazi za mfiti zoipa otchedwa "Iye sitinganene kuti." Pankhaniyi, mawu onse anayi olembedwa ndi zilembo zazikulu, chifukwa dzina lakuti khalidwe la munthu.

2. Ngati dzina kapena dzina lili nkhani, particles ndi tinthu zina zokamba boma, zinalembedwa zilembo zazing'ono: Albrecht Von Graefe, Leonardo da Vinci, koma Leonardo DiCaprio. Mu gawo lachiwiri, "di" Mwachitsanzo kwalembedwa ndi likulu kalata, monga m'chinenero choyambirira kwalembedwa pamodzi ndi dzina Leonardo Dicaprio a. Mfundo imeneyi imakhudzanso maina ambiri moyenera chiyambi yachilendo. Mu maina a kum'mawa amasonyeza za chikhalidwe cha particles "anamenyedwa", "Suhl", "Zadeh", "Pasha", ndi zina zotero, kaya pakati pa mawu, iwo ali kumapeto kapena olembedwa zilembo zazing'ono. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi kalembedwe ndi mayina ndi particles mu zilankhulo zina. German "maziko", "zu", "auf"; Spanish "de"; Dutch "galimoto", "wabweletsela"; French "des", "du", "de La".

3. ili pa chiyambi cha maina a particles chiyambi yachilendo "San" "Woyera", "Woyera", "Ben" zinalembedwa ndi likulu ndi hyphen (Saint Zhemenei); pambuyo pa zonse mtengo wa apostrophe ndi kalata lotsatira - mutu (O. Henry). A mbali ya "macro-" akadalembedwa nayenso hyphens, koma nthawi kwalembedwa pamodzi chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi kulemba: McKinley, koma McLain.

Popeza anachitira ndi mutu uwu kamodzi mwachilungamo chosavuta (zimene nauni mitundu ya manauni ndi zitsanzo), tikhoza kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse Adziyeretsa mopusa, koma zosasangalatsa ndithu kalembedwe zolakwa ndi kufunika zonse kuyang'ana mu dikishonare podziyesa.