Malongosoledwe a injini pa magalimoto a zanyengo osiyana

Zonsezi zimayenda zipangizo luso, magalimoto, zida zomangamanga, watercraft ndi zambiri. Al., zili ndi makina zosagwiritsa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri izi mkati kuyaka injini, mokwanira wamphamvu komanso zothandiza, kuleza anakhazikitsa njira yodalirika kupereka zolinga zimagwirira ntchito.

General malongosoledwe a pachikhalidwe ndi

Tsamba kufotokoza chithunzi injini mayendedwe. Image yachigawo galimoto amalola kuphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pa pansi ndi crankcase mafuta mpope, amene amayendetsa kutali lubricant wa njira yapadera, kuyambira ndi crankshaft ndi unyolo camshaft pagalimoto kutha. Wotuluka mwa mitsinje ya crankshaft, ndi kuthamanga mafuta mu mlengalenga anayi lubricates ndi mayendedwe kapena liners m'dzikoli komanso crankpins tiyipukuse limagwirira. Imodzi, lubricant ndi sprayed adziwonetsa mafuta nkhungu, amene amalola filimu mapangidwe pa galasi yamphamvu. The pistons Wopanda momasuka ndi pafupifupi ziro kukhululukirana. Aliyense wa iwo ali naye mmodzi atatu mphete mafuta, ili pamwamba psinjika waukulu. Cholinga cha mphete awa ndi kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera ndi kuti lisagwe m'chipinda kuyaka. Mafuta akafika macheza injini chapamwamba, kumene kondomu nthawi, camshaft, vavu lifters ndi levers. Wina kondomu dongosolo Kuphunzira - ndi zida ndi unyolo awiri ndi tensioner. Apa, mafuta kufalitsidwa ndi yokoka, ndi sprayed onsewo mbali. Pa ntchito ya galimoto injini mafuta zakhudzana microparticles zitsulo. Aliyense galimoto ali ndi mlingo mtunda, kenako m'pofunika m'malo lubricant. Ngati mtunda yokutidwa ndi zosatheka kuwerengetsa, muyenera nthawi fufuzani mafuta injini pa chilungamo ndi. Pankhaniyi izo chofunika m'malo asiyane msanga.

malongosoledwe a injini akhoza adayambira mfundo za ntchito zake. Kanyama kuyaka ndi mitundu iwiri: petulo ndi dizilo, ntchito choyamba pa mfundo mpweya kuwonjezeka opangidwa pa kuyaka kwa osakaniza kuyaka akayaka ndi mphamvu ya magetsi. Kuthamanga akutulukira amachititsa pisitoni kuti mofulumira tsika mpaka otsika kwambiri, tiyipukuse limagwirira akuyamba atembenuza, motero tingafunse ntchito mkombero. Ambiri chiwerengero cha masilindala - anayi, koma pali injini zisanu ndi zitatu. Nthawi zina chiwerengero cha masilindala ukufika sikisitini, makamaka wamphamvu Motors, kuthamanga bwino, ntchito yawo ndi mkulu. injini awa amene anaika pa galimoto mwanaalirenji galimoto.

Dizilo injini umagwira ntchito pa mfundo yomweyo, koma osakaniza kuyaka mu chipinda kuyaka si akayaka mphanvu ndi psinjika pansi kanthu.

injini kuyaka Internal anawagawa awiri ndi anayi sitiroko. Kusiyana mfundo awiriwa kanthu n'kofunika. Njinga yamoto injini amangoona ntchito mode Kankhani-Chikoka, galimoto pafupifupi chilichonse - anayi sitiroko.

osakaniza inflammable

malongosoledwe a injini kuthamanga petulo, ayenera kuyamba kuyambira pamene carburetor kapena injector analandira magawo wa osakaniza kuyaka. The kuyaka chipinda cha yamphamvu anapanga mtambo achilendo chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi nthuzi mafuta. Ndi pang'ono mafuta osakaniza, koma ayenera compress ndi azinyadira. Psinjika amapezeka pansi zochita za pisitoni ndi, kuwuka kwa m'munsiyi, ndipo pamene ali pamwamba, adzakupatsani galimoto wa mphanvu magetsi uyatsa osakaniza, kudzakhala kuwuka lakuthwa mu kuthamanga, ndi pisitoni akupita pansi. Pamene izi zimachitika ndi mphamvu rotational, chomwe ndi chinthu champhamvu galimoto.

Mu injini magalimoto akhoza kukhala ku pistons atatu sikisitini. Aliyense wa iwo akuchita ntchito yake ndi motsatira ndandanda okhwima ndi chizindikiro patsambali, amene amalenga nthawi, mpweya kufalitsidwa limagwirira za makina. Choncho, pali kosalekeza wa kasinthasintha wa crankshaft ndi, amene pamapeto pake kuwapereka kwa mawilo.

Kufotokozera za injini mkati kuyaka mu masiteji motere:

• mayamwidwe osakaniza kuyaka (pisitoni akupita pansi);
• compressing ndi muyatsa osakaniza kuyaka (a pisitoni ndi pa malo pamwamba akufa);
• sitiroko (a pisitoni ikuyenda pansi);
• Utsi osakaniza (pisitoni amasuntha mmwamba);

zikwapu Ofunika akhoza pamodzi ndi zina mtumiki njira lalifupi nthawi.

Kufotokozera za injini dizilo

Mafuta - mafuta chilengedwe amene ali m'njira zambiri, koma ubwino wake amadalira nambala octeni, tinasonkhanitsa pa processing. Koma mtengo wa mtundu wa mafuta ndi mkulu mokwanira. Choncho, okonza magalimoto ankagwiritsa ntchito injini kuthamanga dizilo.

Kufotokozera za injini dizilo kuthamanga dizilo, muyenera kuyamba ndi pang'ono chisanadze mbiri ya mmene wagawo chinalengedwa. Mu 1890, German injiniya Rudolf Dizilo analenga ndi setifiketi ya galimoto choyamba, ntchito mfundo ya psinjika wa osakaniza kuyaka. Choyamba injini Dizilo sichinayambe anatengera ntchito ambiri, ndipo chifukwa yomanga limagwirira ndi dzuwa injini wosakoma nthunzi. Koma patapita kanthawi Dizilo injini anaikidwa mu mtsinje ndi nyanja ziwiya, kumene bwino kutsimikiziridwa.

Ubwino waukulu wa galimoto latsopano poyerekeza ndi injini ndi nthunzi chinali chifukwa chakuti unit ukugwira ntchito pa mpweya pansi sitimayo malo wotanganidwa theka la chombo, pamene theka lina linaperekedwa pansi khala ndi. Anatumikira injini nthunzi lonse brigade stokers ndi zimango. A injini dizilo anali yaying'ono, kuyikidwa palimodzi ndi thanki mafuta mamita ochepa lalikulu. Chifukwa ntchito yake inali makaniko chimodzi chokha. Pang'onopang'ono injini dizilo m'malo nthunzi ndipo unakhala wotchuka pa ngalawa zonse za m'nyanja ndi kalasi mtsinje. Panali kufunika kwa kuŵeta kuti posakhalitsa anakhazikitsa wofuna m'nthawi Rudolf Dizilo ndi sachita mwachindunji.

The pistons olimbana dizilo mu kumtunda kwa recess ntchito chimene chimapangitsa kuti kugwedezekagwedezeka mu chipinda kuyaka. Ntchito ya injini ayenera kukhala chimodzi - mafuta osakaniza koopsa. Mu ndondomekoyi, kale akuthamanga galimoto Kutentha amapezeka palokha. Ndipo kuyamba unit ngakhale mu nyengo ofunda ali ndi kutenthetsa dongosolo. Kuti muchite izi zonse injini dizilo anamanga wapadera kuwala kwa moto.

Universal TSI injini

Wopambana "Engine pa Chaka" mu 2006, 2007 ndi 2008. The injini zotsogola posachedwapa. TSI injini, ndi Kuwulura umene ukhoza kutenga tsamba kuposa wina, ndi wina wa injini kothandiza kwambiri nthawi yathu. Mfundo ntchito yake yokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito wapawiri luso mafuta jekeseni ndi kupezeka kwa kompresa, amene akukamba kusakaniza mafuta opanikizika.

TSI injini - ndi othodwa ndi zamakono kwambiri, koma makina osayenera mokwanira. Pamene yokonza injini, ntchito kokha katundu apamwamba, ndipo ntchito yake ndi kusintha yake. Mbali yovuta kwambiri kwa TSI injini - kompresa, okonzeka ndi zida wapadera, amene kumawonjezera liwiro lake kwa 17 zikwi pa mphindi, amene amathandiza pazipita mphamvu kuthamanga.

The TSI injini, ndi Kuwulura chimene chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula za kuperewera kwambiri nyengo yozizira kutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono. Ntchito makina ndi injini TSI mu ozizira sangathe kukhala maola okonzera mukhoza kuima kutentha pansi pa ziro. Ndipo mu nyengo ofunda ndi ndalama otsika liwiro injini ndi ntchito zabwino.

"Volkswagen", injini

German "galimoto anthu" mu 2000 anasankha awo Motors kupanga zitsanzo chopangidwa ndi luso TSI, komanso FSI. The kampani German ndi masiku ano okha wopanga kupereka injini TSI ndi FSI yakuti pafupifupi onse zitsanzo zake. Kufotokozera za injini "Volkswagen", makamaka TSI injini ali kale pamwambapa. Kaperekedwe zowombetsa mkota, koma nkhani ndithu.

Engine Kufotokozera FSI ndi bwino kuyamba ndi makhalidwe ake samatha amene zosiyanasiyana pakati 120-140 L. a. Njinga ndalama ndi moyo wautali utumiki. FSI (wamafuta Stratified jekeseni) likumasuliridwa kuti "stratified jekeseni".

Chachikulu kusiyana kwa injini FSI zomera zina mphamvu mu dongosolo ziwiri kuzungulira ndi kuthamanga otsika ndi mkulu. kuthamanga dera Low zikuphatikizapo thanki mafuta, mafuta mpope ndi fyuluta. Paipi dera mwachindunji udindo jekeseni mafuta. Mfundo ntchito zachokera injini FSI ali mosamalitsa metered jekeseni wa mafuta ndi mpope mafuta. mlingo kusintha basi ntchito otsika kuthamanga transducer. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta zimadalira chiwerengero cha kusintha. The accelerator ngo kuti muthe kale mfundo Ngakhale kuti kusungidwa mu galimoto.

malongosoledwe a injini Volkswagen FSI akhoza yothandiza ndi deta pa mtengo-mogwira mtima ndi dzuwa mkulu.

Motors 'Opel'

opanga galimoto German amakhala mu mpikisano wina ndi mzake. galimoto mtundu "Opel" ndi odalirika ndi yabwino. Kutchuka kwa zitsanzo ndi "mphezi" pa nyumba imayendetsedwa malonda zonse mkulu. Ngati wogula akupita kugula yotchipa, zosavuta kusamalira makina, iye amasankha "Opel". Zipangizo, za zomwe zili m'gulu la zolembedwa luso galimoto anawagawira ndi dzina chitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo, "Opel Corsa" wokonzeka galimoto Opel Corsa BC 1,2 16v Ecotec 3. Pa galimoto wokwera galimoto Astra Opel z19DTH ASTRA III 16v 150k. Koma, pamodzi ndi izi, pali zomera yovomerezeka mphamvu angathe kuikidwa kaya index ndi dzina.

Togliatti chomera

Kufotokozera za injini Vaz Kuvuta si - pali mitundu iwiri yokha. Zipangizo magalimoto kumbuyo-gudumu pagalimoto Vaz-2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106 ndi 2107 - ndi zinayi yamphamvu wagawo za mphamvu wina ndi ma CD. Ndipo injini kuti kutsogolo-gudumu zitsanzo Vaz-2108 ndi Vaz-2109 ndi zosintha ake.

injini onse Vaz odalirika ndi wodzichepetsa ntchito. Kusintha kwa poyatsira nthawi ndi valavu chilolezo ofikika ndithu kwa dalaivala, yekha ayenera kudziwa chiwembu ndi ndondomeko ya zochita. injini Vysokooborotisty komanso mmene fulumizitsa. Resource ndi aakulu kwambiri, koma kukonzanso ndi m'malo mphete pisitoni ndi liners, chachikulu ndi kulumikiza ndodo, si vuto.

Kufotokozera za injini "Toyota"

Motors kudziwika Japanese wopanga yaying'ono, zinayi yamphamvu, makamaka dongosolo mtanda, ndi ntchito kwambiri. injini jekeseni mafuta ntchito pa mfundo za jekeseni mwachindunji. mavavu anayi pa yamphamvu kulola vavu kubweretsa ndondomeko ku ungwiro.

Engine Mwachangu chizindikiro "Toyota" ali wotchuka, kupatula wotchuka wopanga sikunachitekepo otsika CO2 zili mu utsi mpweya flue. Motors siriyo anasankha ya zilembo zazikulu Latin osakaniza mawerengero Arabic. No silidalembedwa anawonjezera.

Resource injini "Toyota" abwera kwa makilomita 300 chikwi, ndiyeno analibe ngakhale ayenera kukonza lalikulu, zokwanira kumasula Anapitirizabe pisitoni mphete ndi kuyeretsa dongosolo yozizira. Atamaliza bwino popewa galimoto yaing'ono akupitiriza kuthamanga.

BMW powerplant

Osiyanasiyana injini ya kampani German "Bavaria Njinga Werke" zambiri yaikulu kuposa opanga ndi Japanese. chuma cha BMW - okhala pakati yachinai ndi injini asanu yamphamvu, V woboola "eyiti" ndi "khumi", monga thwelofu pano, makamaka wamphamvu injini. Ambiri a BMW injini amapangidwa mu SOHC ndi DOHC mtundu.

Motors kuwasindikiza mobwerezabwereza anakhala Wopambana wa mpikisano "Engine pa Chaka" Mwachitsanzo S85B50 mtundu analandira mphoto 11 mu nthawi ya 2005 ndi 2008.

Zipangizo "BMW", Kuwulura umene zovuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zosintha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe monga superreliable, aggregates mwangwiro anafotokoza.

Zipangizo Zavolzhsky injini chomera

Osiyanasiyana powertrains, ZMZ opangidwa mu Trans-Volga, ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Chomera umabala okha zosintha ochepa mphamvu pafupifupi. Koma Dziwani lochititsa chidwi chiwerengero cha mankhwala. Engine mtundu "ZMZ-406" ali anamasulidwa angapo miliyoni imodzi ndi theka makope. mota waikidwa pa magalimoto, "mpweya" Gorky mbewu. Pakati pawo, "Mbawala", "Volga-3110" ndi "Volga-3102".

Kodi injini 406? Pansipa.

mota lilipo ndi injector pansi lakuti 406-2.10 ndi kuthamangira petulo AI-92. Carburettor 406-1 Baibulo lakonzedwa kuti mafuta ndi octeni mlingo wa 76. china injini petulo, 406-3 kuthamanga mafuta apamwamba octeni, mafuta AI-95. Motors zonse zili ndi mndandanda wa 406 BOSCH zamagetsi ndi coils awiri poyatsira.

Yokonza injini kuyaka mkati

galimoto injini kapangidwe amafuna zodziwitsa njira yokonza mayunitsi payekha kapena kukonzanso kwa unit lonse wonse. injini zikuphatikizapo yamphamvu chipika, crankshaft, kulumikiza ndodo pistons ndi psinjika ndi mafuta scraper mphete, mutu chipika ndi camshaft kuphatikizapo camshaft unyolo galimoto ndi mavavu.

Pa kuwonongeka mayunitsi munthu kapena lonse la galimoto monga lonse kukhala zobwezeretsa unusable. Zimenezi amatchedwa "injini kukonza." kwa galimoto konzanso ntchito kufotokoza chikuperekedwa mabuku, ndi malangizo. kukonza Minor zikhoza kuchitidwa paokha, ndi zovuta zambiri, napempha zipangizo zina zapadera, ndi bwino kugwira Center zaumisiri.

Pamene kukonzanso kuyaka mkati injini choyamba tiyenera kudziwa mlingo zoti likuwonongeka. Izi zimafuna matenda. Childs, pamene kuthamanga mafuta chofunika m'malo muzu oyika crankshaft ndi kulumikiza mayendedwe ndodo. Ngati magazini crankshaft ndi olema, iwo ayenera linazokotedwa pansi kukula kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ndi oyika yoyenera. Zikatero, ngati ankavala galasi yamphamvu wagawo zapresovyvayutsya latsopano katiriji kapena wokalamba linazokotedwa pansi kukula kukonza ndi unsembe wotsatira wa pistons latsopano ndi mphete latsopano. Ndi elaboration pang'ono chabe kusintha mphete ndi psinjika wabwezeretsedwa. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za oyika kale. Ngati yopanga magazini ya crankshaft zazing'ono, inu mukhoza m'malo ziyangoyango ndi kuchita kosangalatsa. Pankhaniyi, kuthamanga mafuta yachibadwa, ndi injini kusinthidwa ndi wokonzeka ntchito.