UralZIS- 355M: specifications. Galimoto. Ural galimoto Bzalani dzina la Stalin

Azambiriyakale luso zoweta timakhulupirira kuti mu tsiku pamene conveyor Miass galimoto watha UralZIS- 355M, anamaliza nyengo trehtonki ZIS-5. Iye "Zakhar Ivanovich," pamene anali dzina ndi anthu. Amene panthawi ya nkhondo anakhala nthano. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani? chakuti 355M anali kusinthidwa lotsiriza la wotchuka "Zahara". Koma makina, ndi njira, wakhala bwino ndi kwathunthu palokha chitukuko, anali mokondera anakankhira kumbuyo kwa mbiri Soviet magalimoto.

prehistory

Mu kugwa kwa 1941, chitetezo makampani a Moscow, amene anali Factory Stalin (ZIS), anasamutsidwa kum'mawa kwa dziko la mzinda: Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. November 30 chaka chomwecho, anaganiza pa maziko expedited Miass Factory №316 mu State Committee Odziteteza (GKO), chinkhoswe kupanga mabomba, atembenuke, ndipo ntchito zipangizo kupanga likulu la nyumba ndi nyumba, pokonzekera kupanga injini chifukwa magalimoto ndi checkpoints oti muli nazo zida.

Mu April 1942, ntchito sanatsatiridwe - chomera movutikira. Patapita chaka chimodzi, chosankha pa T-ngongole, mbewu kukonzanso ankamuyembekezera kusinthika - mu yopapatiza-ankapitabe magalimoto kutulutsa. Zomera izi msonkhano ku Ulyanovsk kumene anasonkhana trehtonki ZIS-5b anatitumiza ku Miass. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mphamvu zonse za watsopano galimoto fakitale lolunjika pa yopanga magalimoto.

Ural "Zahar"

July 8, 1944 zipata fakitale anafika woyamba Ural "Zahara", koma pansi pa dzina lake - UralZIS- 5b.

Miass trehtonki peculiarity chinali poyerekeza ndi Moscow chitsanzo cha galimoto kosavuta ndi zodula malire. Kuti tichite zimenezi, stamped mapiko ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza kuchotsedwa kapangidwe ndi kuika mu malo welded T woboola pakati. Mkati kanyumba mchimake clapboard. Zitsulo matabwa kuthamanga ndi mawilo felemu m'malo ndi nkhuni, chitsulo matope kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke - pa plywood, nyali ziwiri okha lamanzere (galimoto). Kutentha dongosolo kanyumba ndi khomo mawindo tsopano si anaika. dongosolo ananyema ntchito kokha pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo.

kukhwimitsa kulola aliyense makina kupulumutsa makilogalamu 124 a pepala zitsulo kuti nkhondo inali yofunika kwambiri. Komanso, kukhazikitsa makina, pamodzi ndi 77-ndiyamphamvu injini ZIS-5M, kuchuluka mphamvu zake ndi 35%, komanso galimoto Ural anakhala ndalama kuti 10-16% poyerekeza ndi Moscow ZiSami.

Osati kwa tsiku

Nditabwerera Bzalani dzina la Stalin ku achoke kunyumba kwawo, dipatimenti mzinda mopitilira kukhala "Zakhar Ivanovich," anapita njira ziwiri zosiyana: mu Moscow ZIS-5 koyamba kusandulika mu ZIS-150, ndiye kuti ZIS-164, ndi mwa ZIS-164A (wapakatikati lachitsanzo ) mu ZIS 130. Ndiko kuti, patsogolo linayambika. Mu Miass timapepala anasonkhana chachikale chinkawavuta ZIS-5b.

Kungakhale kulakwa kunena kuti UralZIS- osati anayesetsa kusintha "Zahara". Mu 1947 ndi Urals anayamba osauka UralZIS- 353 - akweza trehtonki. ntchito mpaka 1951, koma panali insoluble vuto: kuyesera tichotse zachikale, okhota zashuga, okonza akhala ndi njira zimene zimawoneka zofanana ndi ZIS-150 Komabe, kuti amatha kuumba kupanga ake siriyo zinthu wogwila zinali zovuta kwambiri. Motero, ntchito yanu yomanga unatha.

muyeso wosakhalitsa

Popeza makina atsopano sizinayende kumaliza, ndipo ZIS-5 kukwaniritsa zonse ndi chinthu chakale, anaganiza kuyamba kupanga maziko kanthawi, galimoto amalembedwa UralZIS- 5M.

Kunja, izo pafupifupi sasiyana ku "Zahara", chifukwa galimoto akadali anakhazikitsa akale wamasiku kanyumba okha mapiko tsopano adzakhale mawonekedwe streamlined, ofanana ndi amene anali pa magalimoto chisanadze nkhondo. Koma mkati galimoto ndasintha kwambiri.

Latsopano "stuffing" kwa galimoto yakale

Choyamba, ndi kusinthidwa "Zahar" ali ndi injini kusinthidwa, omwe asintha: tiyipukuse ndi mutu yamphamvu, anaika pistons zotayidwa ndi carburetor latsopano. Pamodzi, zimenezi n'zotheka kusintha psinjika chiŵerengero anamuukitsa kwa 5.7 (zakale anali 4.6), chifukwa mphamvu kuchuluka kwa injini (kwa 76 kuti 85 L. C.) Ndipo kuchepetsa 7% mu ulamuliro mafuta. Liwiro pamwamba pa makina chinawonjezeka ndi 10 Km / h, ndipo tsopano anali 70 km / h.

Komanso mu galimoto kapangidwe akuyendera otaya mafuta purifier, injini chipika chotenthetsera, kupereka makampani yoyamba injini kuyamba-mmwamba, ngakhale pamene madigiri chisanu m'munsimu 20; latsopano chiwongolero zida; mafuta m'galimoto malita 110; pa 12 magetsi panopa; ndi chiwerengero cha patsogolo ina ing'onoing'ono. Mwa njira, ambiri a zaluso watengedwa ndi odziwa "353rd".

Polankhula "353rd"

Mu 1956 iye anali nawo mwayi kuthana ndi UralZIS- 353 kusuntha, potsiriza, ku mfundo akufa. Pa nthawi iyi, Gorky galimoto Bzalani ankagwira ntchito pa GAZ 62. Poyamba, okonza wakonzedwa izi Kamangidwe galimoto bonnet. Choncho, kanyumba unali pang'ono redesigned Baibulo la chitsanzo cha GAZ 51. Koma posakhalitsa anasiya. Gorky anaganiza ntchito cockpit, zimene adzaikidwa pa injini. Komabe, poyamba anakana Baibulo, masitampu anali wokonzeka, ndipo adalibenso zikufunika kwambiri.

AA Lipgart - mphunzitsi Bauman University kale mlengi mkulu wa mpweya, ndi katswiri pa fakitale Miass, odziwa bwino za mavuto a Urals lapansi. Zinali iye amene analangiza kale zosafunika pa GAZ masitampu auze anzake pa UralZIS-, chomwe chidachitika.

Car UralZIS- 355M

Ndi kupeza ya zashuga latsopano UralZIS- 353 ndipo muli kulemba wina owerengedwa - "355M". Ngakhale galimotoyi ankaona kuti kusintha kwa chakale "Zakhar Ivanovich," Ndipotu yemweyo zinali watsopano galimoto chitsanzo. Wheelbase anakhalabe pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa, i.e. zofanana ndi za ZIS-5 (3842 mm), koma miyeso zofunika UralZIS- anasintha 355M, ambiri chifukwa lengthened kwa 470 mamilimita nsanja thupi. Popeza kusintha ndi chifukwa kuchuluka katundu-yonyamula mphamvu za makina (matani 3-5), ndi thupi lenilenilo, ndiponso ogwiritsa kuti galimotoyo kuti analimbikitsidwa Mwaichi ntchito kupanga olimba, komanso mabwalo kuyeza kwambiri. Mwa njira, zikuoneka UralZIS- 355M, ndi kanyumba lomwe ndi Baibulo pang'ono za GAZ 51, pamodzi ndi thupi latsopano linali ngati wamkulu kukula, "Udzu."

Wamakono wa galimoto "TH 355"

Kusinthidwa injini ya galimoto komanso anali kuunikanso lalikulu lomwe okonza kuti ntchito mvula mutu yamphamvu ndi kuchuluka mipata ndime, ndipo crankcase mpweya wabwino. Komanso, kusinthidwa kamera mbiri ya kamera ndi bwino dongosolo kondomu ndi anaikapo mu yamphamvu chipika zapamadzi odana ndi dzimbiri. Wokwera pa crankshaft kumbuyo chisindikizo mafuta kukusalani kutayikira kwa mafuta crankcase mwa kubala kuti ZIS-5 anali ndi mwayi mwachibadwa. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro chowonjezera pagalimoto zimagwirira kwambiri yafupika phokoso pa ntchito engine. Ambiri, Pezani powertrain UralZIS- 355M yafupika kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 30.

kusintha zina zopangidwa ndi kamangidwe ka galimoto

kufala wakhala kwambiri bwino stuffing bokosi packings, ntchito analimbitsa kusunga tatifupi, amene yaitali kuletsa zida lachitatu, monga zambiri nkhani mu "Zohari". Komanso, CPT ndi yeniyeni zokha ndi kulemekeza injini crankshaft.

Wathunso kutembenuka ndiponso kumanga milatho UralZIS- 355M. Patsogolo anali anatsindika chikatikati wagawo, komanso ntchito kugula mafuta. Chifukwa chakuti galimoto latsopano wakhala kuchuluka kutsogolo gudumu njirayo, mtanda chitsulo chogwira matayala mtengo komanso kukhala yaitali. Pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo, ndi constructors kutsogolera anapereka phindu reducer ndi akalowa pansi magiya mbali ndi kusintha makapu mayikidwe masiyanidwe.

Kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a elongated tsamba akasupe ndi absorber mantha, amene anapanga izo wokongola zofewa. Kumbuyo M'malo mwake, wakhala kovuta chifukwa kuchuluka-gawo mtanda mapepala podressornikov makulidwe.

Kuonjezera maneuverability galimoto, iyo imakhala latsopano chiwongolero limagwirira ndi kinematics wosalira ndi zida chiŵerengero cha 20,5: 1 (v ZIS-5, zinali 15,9: 1).

Komanso, UralZIS- 355M ntchito limodzi-waya dongosolo amakono 12 Volt, anapereka Front ndi miyendo-ngo lophimba batani kuwala (mpaka pafupi), ndi kulandirana Mtsogoleri ndi zizindikiro malangizo. Usiku Kutukula pansi pa nyumba anaika nyali. Komanso, chida gululi lakhala kusinthidwa, ndipo panali kuyatsa kanyumba denga.

A zabwino patency galimoto amapereka chodziwa chilolezo, amene chikufanana kulowa-kuchoka kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino (madigiri 44 - kutsogolo, 27,5 - kumbuyo), ndi bwino samatha makhalidwe a injini.

UralZIS- 355M: specifications luso

Iwo anali motere:

• Wheel chilinganizo - 4x2.
• Makulidwe - 6290 mamilimita × 2280 mamilimita × 2095 mm.
• Ground chilolezo - 26,2 mm.
• Wheelbase: kumbuyo - 1675 mm, Front - 1611 mm.
• The utali wozungulira wa kasinthasintha (kunja) - mamita 8.3.
• Malemeledwe - 7050 kg.
• Zithetsedwe kulemera - 3400 kg.
• Payload UralZIS- 355M - 3500 kg.
• Engine mphamvu - 95 L / s.
• thanki mafuta mphamvu - malita 110.
• Kumwa mafuta - 24 malita / 100 Km.
• Liwiro - 75 km / h.

Siriyo kupanga galimoto latsopano

Ngakhale kuti UralZIS- 355M motalika anayesa mu ulimi, unali anakonza kumasula chaka chimodzi (1959), kenako okha kuti zifukwa zonse kale padera mu ndalama. Komabe, chitsanzo sanadzisiyira khamu mzere kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, makamaka chifukwa kuwunika mkulu makasitomala.

Komanso, kamangidwe ka galimoto nthawi anawonjezera ena patsogolo: mu 1959 - malaya crossbar cardan kutsetsereka linasintha ndi zobala singano, 1960 - mu kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo m'malo mwa chakale absorbers ndalezo mantha anakhazikitsa bwino - telescopic, 1961 - crankcase magawanidwe inasanduka chatsekedwa.

Ngakhale patsogolo ambiri mosayembekezera, maonekedwe a makina wofanana, kupatula kusintha mawu akuti mbisoweka chidule "ZIS", ndipo tsopano iye ankawoneka ngati - "UralAZ". Ngakhale pakati pa madalaivala a magalimoto amakhalabe "Zahar," kapena chirichonse icho chinali kutchedwa "Urals".

Zosintha "Urals"

Fakitale opangidwa ndi kusinthidwa, ngakhale kuti ndi zoona kunena, latsopano "Zahara", mu Mabaibulo awiri: UralZIS- 355M - komiti, ndipo chachiwiri - chabe galimotoyo, amene nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa pansi thanki.

Popeza "Uralets" uzigwirizana ndi misa flatbed theka-boma akhoza kukhala matani asanu ndi ndalama weniweni ndi naini, ndiye galimoto iyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati semitrailer thalakitala.

Komanso anthu ambiri amafuna analinso UralZIS- 355M - matabwa, ngolo - kuvunda. Kuwonjezera pamwambapa, ndi galimotoyo 'Zahara' ntchito ngati makina madzi okwanira, Vans, akasinja assenizatorskaya, maofesi kompresa. Mu 1958 ndi Urals anamasulidwa ngakhale onse-gudumu Baibulo galimoto ya galimoto Komabe, makina chipani anali ochepa ndipo makamaka mu Baibulo Tipper.

Mu 1960 ku Kazakhstan pamaziko a anasonkhana UralZIS- 355M basi ndi mipando 40, ndi ngolo-mtundu. Mwachidule, galimoto ku miasstsev kunapezeka kuti bwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti panali chabe kusinthidwa wa wokalamba trehtonki ZIS-5.

Mukufuna

zaka 355 siriyo kupanga loyamba chinachitikira ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali ndi ugonere, choncho galimoto makamaka ku Siberia, ndi Far East, komanso Kazakhstan. M'chigawo chapakati ndi kumadzulo wa USSR galimoto anaperekedwa zedi yaing'ono. Mu 1962, chipani cha magalimoto mu Baibulo katundu anatumizidwa ku Afghanistan ndi Finland.

Total mbewu galimoto opangidwa 192 zikwi makina amenewa. Miyezo ya kuŵeta a muyezo waung'ono Koma galimoto wakhazikitsa yokha ngati yokonza otsika, kwambiri odalirika ndi wangwiro makina, ndi akuru, monga mwa mfundo chikalata mphamvu. Ngakhale umboni matani TTX 3.5, makamaka popanda yofinyira, iye anali atanyamula, ndi matani asanu katundu. Madalaivala ankamukonda ndi kusintha poyerekeza, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi galimoto wamng'ono akhoza kudzitama pamaso pa zashuga muzitentha. Inde, ndi bwino anasonkhana kuyimitsidwa ndi injini ndi samatha bwino kulola woyendetsa kuti Suopa ndithu, ngakhale pa msewu oipa kwambiri.

Ambiri, UralZIS- 355M, ngakhale kukhala nthano ya makampani Soviet galimoto Komabe, udindo wa omasuka Buku, kudalirika ndi kuphweka tikhoza kupambana. Osati kanthu chifukwa makina anali kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito ku zovuta kwambiri m'zonse zigawo za dziko.

Galimoto lomaliza pa mzere khamu la ogwira 16 October, 1965. Pa tsiku limeneli, nyengo ya "Zakhar Ivanovich" zinatha.

Mpaka tsopano mu chikhalidwe kapena zochepa zabwino unakhalabe kokha pafupi twente magalimoto, ndipo ambiri a iwo pansi mphamvu yakeyake kusuntha si mu boma, ndipo kuzikonza sizingatheke. Ndipo onse chifukwa mbali sichingapezeke pa injini. Kumene, ena amisiri akadali anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa pansi pa nyumba ya injini ZIL koma kuti m'maganizo ndi mtengo wa galimoto chinatayika.