Malonda okhonda ndi malamulo a za malonda: mbali atsopano a chitukuko cha malonda a ntchito

malonda ndi malamulo a za malonda mu gawo la utumiki wayamba zofunika kwambiri ndi kukula gawo la asapita yachilendo zachuma. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, buku wake kuposa mlingo wa kuposa zankhaninkhani, 4. dollars. The zolowa lonse la cholowa cha ntchito ndi 20%, kumene 1/3 gawo alendo. Komanso kukula kwa malonda ntchito pa 25% patsogolo kukula kwa malonda dziko katundu. Mu Russia, malonda mu misonkhano zolowa mu 2010 kuposa mtengo wa madola mabiliyoni 2.5..

malonda ndi malamulo a za malonda mu gawo utumiki mungathe mbali, makamaka yogawa awo m'mayiko ambiri. 70% ya wolowa zonse zina zofunikla kwa USA, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, France, ndi ena. Mayiko amenewa apadera makamaka kupereka m'madera a zachuma, ntchito zokopa alendo, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro. m'mayiko osauka kapena amakhazikika mu kupereka mitundu ina ya ntchito, monga zokopa alendo (Jamaica), polumikizira (Panama), etc., Kapena kuchita mu msika wa Waogula Zinthu Kunja zopangira malonda mu misonkhano si upambana 10% ya okwana wolowa (Iran, Angola).

Mu Belarus, mwachitsanzo, malonda ena ndi malamulo a za malonda koma ali asymmetrical, kumene oposa 70% ya wolowa ndi 40% wa imports zimapanga ntchito zoyendera. Komanso, mwa mawu a malonda yachilendo akutsatiridwa ndi ntchito yomanga, misonkhano kulankhulana. ntchito alendo akhoza kukhala adzapeza katundu katunduyo kwa dziko, koma pa mphindi cholowa chawo si upambana 3% mu zogulitsa kunja.

malonda okhonda ndi malamulo a za malonda mu nzeru misonkhano amapereka angapo dongosolo akavalidwe.

Choyamba, kupitiriza kusintha kapangidwe ka ntchito: pali mtundu watsopano; mwachangu kuoneka ngati chinthu malonda misonkhano, kale zakutha khalidwe wothandiza; misika akutulukira lalikulu makampani Integrated kupereka ogula "phukusi" misonkhano.

Chachiwiri, chitukuko cha malonda mu misonkhano ndi chifukwa kusintha sayansi. Izi zikutanthauza kachitidwe zotsatirazi - kulimbikitsa udindo wa luso nkhani. Kusintha m'munda wa umisiri zambiri, liberalization za malonda mu misonkhano, ndi zinthu zina zambirimbiri zodziwira za zinthu zotsatirazi - kukula internationalization a bizinesi. Ndipo zikuonekeratu, makamaka ntchito za TNCs ya padziko lonse msika. malonda okhonda ndi malamulo a za malonda a US Mwachitsanzo, zachokera kupanga ntchito makamaka m'mayiko.

Mmodzi wa mumaganiza zikuluzikulu za malonda chitukuko ntchito ndi kuchepetsa zimalepheretsa malonda ndi ndalama.

Choncho, m'zaka XXI, malonda ena ndi malamulo a za malonda mu gawo utumiki anapitiriza kukhala pompopompo ndi mbali kunadetsa otchuka. Mwachindunji ndiyo fano yachilendo ya dziko ndi boma la kuwombola yachilendo ake malo. kudalira Izi anawonetseredwa mu zotsatirazi:

Bwino malonda yachilendo amachititsa mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo.

Pakati pa mlingo kuwombola ndi buku la malonda achilendo pali chiyanjano zabwino, koma mtengo wosinthira - si chinthu chokha zokhudza malonda yachilendo.

Ndi ndalama kunyazitsa wolowa kuwonjezeka amapezeka.

Ndalama kufooka chifukwa kuwonjezeka chiwongola dzanja, ndipo izi zingawononge kwambiri limagwirira a zachuma: ngongole kukhala zodula.

mamembala malonda chidwi khola Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama, omwe kusintha zinthu zogwirizana ndi zodziwikiratu.

Mu kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma mlingo kuwombola akuganizira leni zizindikiro zazikulu za citukuko a dziko, ndi kusintha zake zitha yotithandiza malonda yachilendo, osati kutembenukira kwa chinthu ake zikuluzikulu kukula.

kukula Trade zimadalira mmene zinthu zilili mwa mabizinezi: high quality, mtengo wotsika ndi malonda woyenera kuwonjezera mpikisano wa mankhwala mitundu ndi yotithandiza kukula kwa malonda.