Malamulo General kwa ntchito yapansi

Malo amene mode latsopano zoyendera anali London. Mzinda uwu wakhala anayambitsa malamulo yaikulu ya ntchito. Metropolitan, zomwe ife tikuziwona lero anayamba mbiri yake kumbuyo mu 1850.

Vuto ndi lingaliro

Mu zaka za m'ma XIX ku likulu la British panali vuto la kayendedwe ka anthu. Ndi nthawi chiwerengero cha anthu anafika miliyoni, ndipo panali pafupifupi vuto yovuta thiransipoti. Zinali bwino mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta kupeza ntchito anthu amene anali kunja kwa mzindawo ndi malo ake akutali.

Ngakhale njanji makamaka bwino anakamba. Pa kutaya London anali okwerera 6 kuti zili kunja kwa mzinda wa. Panali pasiteshoni ina pakati. Koma ndalamazo sikokwanira ndi kayendedwe omasuka. njanji ambiri m'misewu ya likulu analetsedwa kumanga. Izi zikhoza kusokoneza zomangamanga mbiri zofunika ndi pempho zokongoletsa. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti pakutuluka ngolo ndi stagecoaches anachititsa kuchulukana mu malo otchuka kwambiri.

Konzani chenicheni

akayanjana mu 1863. Zinali ndiye kuti panali yapansi. January 10 anapezerapo mzere woyamba. m'litali ndi makilomita 6. Zinali yojambula m'munda wa kayendedwe - dziko latsopano limene malamulo a ntchito akhalipo. Metropolitan msanga unakhala wotchuka kwambiri.

Kupanga Marc Brunel ku France kumbuyo mu 1818 anatulukira tunneling chishango. Ndi kuti inali mumphangayo pansi pa mtsinje wa Thames. Ganizo anatulukira ndi anapezerapo kanyamulidwe mobisa.

Kwa nthawi yaitali nyumbayo kulephereka. Pomanga mizere akhala anagwetsa nyumba zingapo. M'misewu, kumene ntchito zinachitika, anaimitsa magalimoto.

polojekiti kunagaŵiridwa kampani Metropolitan njanji, dzina anamasuliridwa kuti "matauni njanji". Ili ndi dzina tsopano ntchito mu mayiko ambiri pa dziko ponena kuti mtundu uwu zoyendera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti British okha Mudawatcha Metro mawu "mobisa". M'mawu colloquial amagwiritsa ntchito mawu "chubu", ndi "chitoliro".

London Mobisa anayamba ndi okwerera zisanu ndi ziwiri. Sitima zinali kusunthira sitima samatha. Mpweya anali wosauka. Choncho, utsi anakakhala magalimoto, utsi una wa lapansi. Chad chinaphimba kuwala wotumbululuka. Koma izi sanaletse kalasi ntchito kupita ku yapansi panthaka.

Anafalikira dziko

Komabe, dongosolo mlanduwo. ngolo amenewa zoyendera anasamukira mwamsanga ndipo popanda chotipinga. M'chaka choyamba sitima ali kusamutsidwa anthu miliyoni 9,5. Komanso, chithunzi ichi zikuchulukirachulukira. Anasintha akafuna kugwira ntchito, mitengo tikiti ndi malamulo ambiri pa ntchito yapansi.

Ganizo London anatengera metropolises zina zambiri. Mu 1868, sitima aja linatsegulidwa ku New York. Kenako Chicago analanda kanthu. Ine sindikufuna kutsalira ndi Europe. Pambuyo likulu British njira sitima anachita mu Budapest, Paris ndi Berlin.

Yabwino ndi kudya zoyendera anaonekera mu USSR mu 1935. Ulemu otseguka yapansi woyamba unagwa Moscow. Kenako mobisa amatero mu Leningrad, Kiev ndi mizinda khumi lalikulu. Boma Soviet anapereka chilolezo kuti amange yekha m'madera kumene yomanga anali yosafuna. Kawirikawiri izi ndi mzinda, chiwerengero cha anthu oposa 1 miliyoni.

Mawu "mobisa" anayambitsa ndi wolemba limakhulupirira Gorky. Dzina limeneli limapezeka maulendo angapo mu imodzi mwa ntchito zake. Zambiri ndiponso yosavuta okwerera sitima ankasirira zoti nzika za USSR. Ntchito m'nthawi yake.

tanthawuzo

Ambiri, zoyendera uyu ali kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwewo. Anakumana zambiri njira yotulukira mobisa. Magawo ndi miyeso m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zosiyana. Mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: ntchito samatha magetsi, khola liwiro tchati ambiri okwera. Oscillates ndi mzere kutalika. Mwachitsanzo, mu Israel njira kunapangitsa 2 Km, pamene ku New York City ndi makilomita 1,300.

Ngakhale kuti yapansi makamaka zofanana kwambiri ndi sitima yapamtunda, ndi mode chosiyana zoyendera amene ali malamulo yake. Ambiri a iwo ndi lomveka bwino ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. Ambiri amafuna anali apanga ndi zomwe zagwiridwa pa una wa kunyumba - mu London.

malamulo zoyambirira

Pali malamulo muyezo wa ntchito. Anakumana angakhale pangozi anakwera awo sanali kugwilizana. Ndi zoletsedwa ndi kupitirira mzere chikasu. Ndi sanali kugwilizana ndi lamulo limeneli, chifukwa ngozi kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kuphwanya izi zimachitika mwadala kuti kudzipha. M'mphepete nsanja, akupha ndi chikasu utoto, n'zotheka kuwoloka kokha pamene sitima mabasi.

Makomo ali kutsegulidwa, m'pofunika kuti mupewe Apaulendo amene anafika, ndipo pambuyo pake kupita ku galimoto. zoyendera ndikoletsedwa mbamuikha kutuluka. M'pofunika kuchoka pakhomo, kuti tisasokoneze anzathu. Chitetezo anu, muyenera kuumirirabe handrails lapansi.

Kusiya zosowa zawo kukonzekera pasadakhale, osati pambuyo kulengeza. Ndi bwino kuti awutenge aja asunthe kupita pakati pang'onopang'ono, osati chisokonezo.

Khalidwe ambiri

Terms of ntchito yapansi mu Moscow, St. Petersburg ndiponso mizinda ina ndi yofanana. Galimotolo ayenera zinthu mwaulemu ndiponso ochezeka. malo ake ayenera kupereka anthu achikulire, mwathupi anthu zilakolako zoipa, amayi oyembekezera ndi akazi ndi ana. kusokonezeka kwa aliyense kapena zinthu zachilendo kuti akhoza kuwononga miyoyo ya anthu, ayenera kunenedwa dalaivala.

Musaphwanye kulenga zinthu zimene kusokoneza Anthu ena kusuntha momasuka. Mfundo ina kuti oletsedwa pa siteshoni adachitira umboni.

Galimoto ayenera kutsatira dongosolo ndi zinthu mwaulemu ndiponso koyenera. Pakuti onse pali malamulo chimodzimodzi ntchito yapansi: Minsk, Moscow ndi Kiev nkhani imeneyi. Apaulendo saloledwa kuonekera mu mkhalidwe mowa kapena chomwa mankhwalawa kuledzera. Mukhoza kumwa mowa m'gawo la yapansi panthaka.

M'pofunikanso penyani ndi chisamaliro cha maonekedwe awo. Mu zovala ndi katundu, amene angathe Amaipitsanso anthu wakhomo ndi chipinda, kuti sadzalowa.

Pali loletsa aakulu pa mukusuta mabasi ndi magalimoto. Choncho anakhala mbuyo mu November 1987, chifukwa cha moto zikuluzikulu pa imodzi mwa malo mobisa mu London. Anaonetsa miyoyo ya anthu 31.

zinthu

zoletsa zina pa kukula katundu anapereka chitonthozo cha owerenga. matumba akuluakulu osati kusokoneza Anthu ena, komanso vuto lalikulu kwa inu. Komabe, utsogoleli amachita njinga kuti pindani. Free angalowe ndi pram ndi chikuku.

Terms of ntchito Metro St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara ndi mizinda zina amalola kunyamula ziweto ngati iwo ali mu muli yoyenera kapena matumba. Maudindo ndi kukhala agalu, ngati iwo kuipanikiza, zana chala ndi khalidwe wapadera.

The okwerera sitima angathenso kutenga zida zoimbira, kutsetsereka, sled, ngolo, zipangizo munda, zida nsomba kukachitika kuti miyeso awo musalumphe malamulo anakhazikitsa sitima imeneyi. Apa, makasitomala ayenera kudziwa kuti katundu ngati zingachititse choipa monga iwo ndi anansi awo.

Chifukwa cha chitonthozo chonse

Safety kuyenda amadalira kwambiri pa okwera okha. Pang'ono osiyana mfundo dziko la zoweta. Pali malamulo wapadera wa ntchito ya Moscow mobisa (okwerera sitima ndipo mizinda ina). Ndi zoletsedwa kuyenda pa njira ya. Inu simungakhoze kuika kumbuyo pa njanji kapena kutaya zinthu zonse. Iwo kungawononge galimoto.

Sayenera kulowerera pa ndondomeko ya kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko. Ngati mwakwera anaona izi ndi zochita zina popanda chilolezo, iye akuyenera kuti afotokoze kuphwanya makonzedwe a. Popanda kufunika osadandaula Guide.

Inu simungakhoze muiike mmwamba malonda pa makoma a ngolo. Zoletsedwa malonda ndi ntchito zina malonda m'dera la mobisa popanda zikalata yoyenera.

Samalani osati chitonthozo, komanso mtendere wa anthu ena. Musamvere nyimbo popanda Zomverera. Ngati inu ndi katundu wanu, ndiye ikani izo kuti sikusokoneza kayendedwe ka ena apaulendo. Sikuti kuika m'thumba pampando iye ndi kumene mukhoza kupeza munthu wina.

moyang'aniridwa ndi

Kuphwanya ufulu wa okwera ntchito yapansi ndi mosamalitsa chilango mwa lamulo. Aliyense wa woyikidwa mfundo cholinga kuonetsetsa chitetezo kwa nzika zonse.

Makasitomala saloledwa kulowa malo okha omwe anafuna yekha kwa ndodo. Komanso m'malo ogulitsira munthu kapena yapansi ngakhale kuletsa kanema ndi kujambula. Anthu ayeneranso kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pawo mu mobisa zolinga chitetezo mukhoza kumuyang'anira usana ndi usiku, ndi kutsegula wina makamera chobisika.

Komanso, pa zina zopangira palibe zitini zinyalala. Ichi ndi kanthu dala zoletsa kuti zochita zigawenga. Ngati inu munazindikira thumba kapena bokosi mu galimoto kapena pansi pa siteshoni ndipo pafupi mwini palibe, ayenera kunenedwa mabungwe yazamalamulo.

mode

Childs, zoyendera amenewa ndi lotseguka ku m'mawa mpaka usiku. Panopa, pali malamulo yaikulu ya ntchito. Petersburg okwerera sitima akupezeka ku 5,45 kuti 0,10, ku likulu la dziko, izo amanyamula okwera ku 6:00 m'mawa mpaka m'mawa. Mu Samara, atseka ola kale. Pa maholide, akafuna opaleshoni zikhoza kusintha. nyumba imeneyi antchito lipoti pasadakhale.

Travel limapezeka pa amalipiritsa maziko. The kuchotserapo anthu amene ali ndi maudindo ena. Pakuti matumba akuluakulu ndi oversized katundu ayenera kulipira zambiri monga malo osiyana. zonyamula wina amaloledwa kutenga chimodzi chokha mpando zina. Khadi ndi tikiti salola katundu kwaulere. Ana osaposera zaka 7 wa zaka akhoza kukwera popanda tikiti.

Pakuti mayiko okwera lero akanagwiritsa ntchito - kuletsa magalimoto. Kagwilitsidwe Nchito panjinga magalimoto m'malo ogulitsira Metro ayenera kudziwa ziziyenda.

machitidwe

Pali zinthu zina pa ntchito escalators. Imani pa nsalu ya afunikira motsogozedwa kuyenda lamba. Pa zoyendera ayenera kuumirirabe handrail lapansi. Pamene njirayo yatha, muyenera mofulumira ku nsanja, kuti kusokoneza anthu amene ali kumbuyo kwako.

Pamene otaya makasitomala sitepe lofunika kwambiri pa escalator ndi gawo anati cha dongosolo la. Amafunika chisamaliro chapadera kwa ana aang'ono. Pa zoyendera dzanja lawo Sikuti kupita. Ndi bwino kuonetsetsa kuti mwanayo m'manja mwache.

Katundu amene amapita pafupi ndi inu, sayenera sizikugwiridwa. thumba sayenera anamasulidwa. M'pofunika kuukitsa mapeto a njanji.

Inu sangachoke zinthu zanu kulamulira. Chitetezo chawo si kukumana kapena Moscow kapena St. Petersburg, kapena Samara Metro. Terms of ntchito chidwi kuti zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimene inu zoyendera ayenera kuwunika ntchito nokha.

m'dera loopsa

Nthawi zambiri m'malo kuthamanga akuba. Iwo ndi anthu sasamala ndi kuba matumba a ndalama ndi mafoni. Nthawi zambiri akuba tigwire mafoni mwamsanga kuchoka kwa yapansi panthaka. Kumeneko ntchito mosavuta, chifukwa palibe zopezera subways ndi okwera yanji mwamsanga pamene kubwera pamwamba. Motero, kusonyeza foni udabisika.

magalimoto ambiri sali okonzeka ndi mpweya, kotero m'chilimwe ndi otentha. Kuti tipulumuke kutentha mosavuta, utsogoleli analimbikitsa kubweretsa madzi abwino.

Popeza kuti dera la akasinja ndi mobisa mwina kwina, m'pofunika kukhala oyera ndi tisataye zinyalala pa mapazi ake.

Terms of ntchito ya St. Petersburg okwerera sitima, subways matauni ndi mobisa mathiransipoti ku mizinda ina amakhala ofanana ndipo amasiyana yekha zikuperekedwa. Komabe, musanapite ku yapansi panthaka, m'pofunika kamodzinso kuti mwawerenga mosamala malamulo waukulu wa khalidwe lino.