Mabuku a achinyamata: chifukwa ndi otsutsana

Ndiuzeni yemwe mnzanuyo ali, ndipo ndikuuzani kuti ndinu ndani

Kulankhulana ndi mabuku sikunayendera limodzi: munthu amadzichepetsa kwambiri amatanthauzira bukhuli, ndipo bukhulo, limamasuliranso munthuyo, kulichotsa ilo, ngati kuchokera ku miyala ya marble, zidutswa za kukayikira pa chirichonse chomwe chiripo ndi chapafupi. Chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu ndi ubalewu, munthu wapadera amadziwika yekha - munthu amene amawerenga ndi kuganiza, homo amachititsa kuti sapiens ndi kuphatikiza.

Izo zikhoza kunenedwa mwanjira ina. Bukhu, ngati mukufuna, ndilo dziko lonse lapansi. Pomwe mutalowa mkati, munthu wololera sangathe kudzipatula yekha mwayi wopitiliza kuyenda m'njira zake zovuta. Koma, ngati sichiziziritsa, dzikoli ndi lopanda pake. Zithunzi zonse zenizeni, pamene mumamva ngakhale dzimbiri la udzu ndi fungo, onse omwe ali otsimikizika ndizo zowoneka chabe za moyo weniweni. Chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti malingaliro amatsenga dziko loona, kuwongolera, ndi nthawi zina kulipotoza kumbali iliyonse.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'mabuku amakono a ana? Ndi mabuku ati omwe achinyamata amawerenga komanso chifukwa chiyani?

Podziwa zolemba zambiri za achinyamata, zimakhala zomveka kuti mabuku otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya "zozizwitsa" zomwe zimagwira ntchito: kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amadziwika bwino komanso osangalatsa "Harry Potter" ndi banja lachikondi la amamtima achikondi osakayikira, a mfiti ndipo palibe amene akudziwa. Amene "osadziwika-omwe" amasintha mosasamala kugonana, amamva malingaliro achilendo, omwe mwazifukwa zina mwa dongosolo la zinthu, amaphunzira mu masukulu achibwibwere; Kulimbana bwino ndi zoipa, zoipa ndi zabwino ndi zina zotero. Kodi izo zimachita chiyani? Kulowera kudziko lina - buku - timalowa mkati mozama-kulowa muzitsulo lotsatira - nthano, ngati ndinganene choncho, wa wolemba. Ndiye pali funso lachilengedwe: kodi ndife otsimikiza motsimikizika za zolinga za mlembi zolinga zoyera, malingaliro ake osatsutsika, chidziwitso chabwino cha nthano, zomwe zongopeka zimachokera? Kodi Mlengi wolemekezeka amavomereza zina osati mdziko lopanda mbiri, anthu omwe, ngakhalenso zakale, sangathe kukhala ndi ziwonetsero ndi zonyenga, magulu opotoka ndi maganizo opotoka? Kodi iye akusokoneza wowerenga wauzimu wachinyamata, wokonzeka ndi mtima wake wonse kuvomerezana ndi zozizwitsa zake? Zolingalira m'malingaliro - ndi zina zotero. Kodi ndizotentha kwambiri kwa chidziwitso cha achinyamata?

Gawo lotsatira m'gulu la "Mabuku osangalatsa kwambiri kwa achinyamata" akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mayankhulidwe amakono. Izi ndizopangira mabuku ofunika kwambiri "kwa anthu akuluakulu." Ali ndi "chirichonse" chomwe mwana wazaka 13-16 amafunikira: ndalama, kugonana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu, komanso chofunika kwambiri - kukoma kwa moyo weniweni, wokhala ndi mawu osalankhula komanso kusokonezeka maganizo. Kawirikawiri, ngati mumavomereza moona mtima, mabuku abwino masiku ano, omwe angakhale otchuka pakati pa achinyamata, kwambiri, ochepa kwambiri.

Ngakhale, ndi lingaliro lotani - mabuku a achinyamata? Kodi izo sizidzawerengedwa ndi munthu wamkulu kapena amene ali oyambirira kwambiri kuti awerenge kwa mwanayo? Pachiyambi choyamba: nchifukwa ninji amatsitsikira kwa ophunzira apakati, kuposa momwe amasiyana ndi ophunzira kapena ophunzira ophunzira? Koma chifukwa chakuti malingaliro awo akuwongolera ku guwa lakumbali, malingaliro awo ndi enieni, sangathe kubisika kapena kusokonezeka, ndipo zomwe akumana nazo sizing'onozing'ono. Choncho, mwanayo akutha kusankha yekha laibulale. Ndipo palibe malangizo ochokera kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi a sukulu angakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi chisankho chake. Ndikofunika kuyamba kupereka uphungu kuchokera pa msinkhu wochepetsetsa, mosamala m'malo mojambula zojambulajambula za ku America mwachifundo ndi zakuya, ndi masewera a pakompyuta ndi masewero a TV - ndi nkhani zokondwera ndi zochokera pansi pamtima.

Mabuku abwino kwa achinyamata ndi omwe amawerengedwa mosangalala ndi wamkulu wa msinkhu uliwonse.

Ntchito za Erich Maria Remarque zingakhale zabwino kwambiri. Palibe amene amawerenga makhalidwe pano, chifukwa ambiri mwa iwo ndi ana omwe, kapena posachedwa ana, kapena amakhala kwamuyaya. Amamva zakuya, amayesetsa kumvetsa dziko lozungulira, kulimbana, kumenyana, kumwa mowa kwambiri, kumvetsa chisoni ndikufa ndikukhala kosatha mumtima wa owerenga. Pambuyo powerenga Remarque palikumveka kosaoneka bwino komanso kosaoneka bwino kachisoni komanso kudziyeretsa. Ndi mabuku awa kwa achinyamata amene amaika lingaliro loona mtima, chilungamo, ubwenzi weniweni, chikondi ndi kulimba mtima.

Nkhani zochepa za Arkady Averchenko zimadzaza ndi zosangalatsa zonyansa komanso zonyenga. Ndipo lolani kuti chichitidwe chichitike muzaka zapitazi - chokondweretsa kwambiri ndikutenga kufanana ndi kudabwa kudzizindikiritseni nokha, abwenzi anu ndi adani mu okondeka okondeka a mlembi wokongola uyu.

Mabuku abwino kwambiri kwa achinyamata anali olemba Soviet Zoshchenko, Aleksin, Gaidar. Sikuti iwo adzipereka ku lingaliro la Soviet. Zambiri ndi zabwino, zolungama komanso zoona. Chiwembu cha kuwongola kwake sikutsika kwa oyang'anira masiku ano.

Mwina chofala kwambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti "chisangalalo" ndicho ntchito ya wolemba wachi America dzina lake Jerome David Salinger. Anthu ake ali omasuka kwambiri, amatsutsana kwambiri ndi mnyamata ndipo ndi zoona kuti nthawi zina owerenga amawopa - dziko lopangika likuphatikiza ndi dziko lenileni.

Ana ndi anthu ozindikira, amadziwa nthawi yomweyo

Zochepa zochepa zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi wailesi - ndipo achinyamata omwe adzipeza okha adzalandira mabuku ofunika kwambiri, omwe ali ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka moyo, kamodzi kowonjezeredwa ndi wolemba.