Luminol ndi chiyani? Kodi luminol kunyumba

Ena zinthu, kutenga mbali pa mmene mankhwala, angathe zimatulutsa kuwala. Lililonse sayansi zofufuzafufuza kamodzi chopangidwa ndi madzi losonyeza. Nkhani Tikambirana kuti ndi luminol, mmene kuphika kunyumba.

chemiluminescence ndi chiyani?

zochita zambiri umagwirira zimachitika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu. Mu zatsopano kwambiri, mphamvu adzamasulidwa monga kutentha. Mu zimene soda ndi asidi njira zothanirana ndi mavuto usavutike. Pali nthawi imene mphamvu angasonyeze mu mawonekedwe a magetsi (zatsopano ndi maselo electrochemical). Mu mphamvu kuyaka kwa reactants ndi kutembenukira ku kutentha ndi kuwala.

Koma pali zosiyanasiyana zimene kuwala umuna kumachitika, koma palibe kuwonjezeka kutentha. zodabwitsazi amatchedwa chemiluminescence. Kwambiri konyezimira Mwachitsanzo - ozizira phosphorous chowala. Tikumbukenso kuti zochita kwambiri mankhwala kumasula "kuwala ozizira" oxidized mankhwala organic. Oxidants zambiri zinthu mpweya kapena hydrogen peroxide.

Mu chikhalidwe, pali zinthu zambiri zimene mukhoza zimatulutsa kuwala. Koma ambiri a chowala analandira ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo angathe kuonedwa yekha ndi zipangizo zina zapadera.

Kwa yowala ndi yokongola chemiluminescence angathe ndi kagulu kochepa ka mankhwala organic ndi zochita kupanga. Mu Zitsanzo za zipangizo zotsatirazi: luminol, siloxy, lofin, ndi lyutsegenin difeniloksalat.

luminol ndi chiyani?

Luminol anali apanga ku Germany mu 1902, koma dzina lake lenileni ina. Ndi galasi woyera kapena kuwala chikasu mtundu, mosavuta sungunuka solvents kumalo ozizira organic. Mu madzi, luminol ndi insoluble kwathunthu.

nkhani imeneyi organic angathe kumasuka kuwala pamene pamodzi hydrogen peroxide kapena oxidants ena. Mu zakumwa ndale pang'ono acidic, pansi UV kuwala, izo fluoresces kuwala buluu kuwala. Mu njira zamchere (hydrogen peroxide), kumene anapeza anachita pamaso pa catalysts - ndi phosphorous pawiri, salt chitsulo wa hemin ndi hemoglobin - luminescence analandira zambiri zimalimbikitsa ndi kowala.

ndondomeko imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Acid ndi usavutike ndi hydrazine mu zosungunulira wopanda feteleza ndi mfundo mkulu kuwira (3-ethylene glycol). The condensation a dongosolo heterocyclic analandira 5-nitroftalilgidrazida. pawiri Izi yafupika ntchito sulphide ammonium, limene anapanga ndi luminol. Manja akhoza kukhala okonzekera ku zasayansi kaphatikizidwe wa asidi 3-nitro-phthalic.

Kodi ntchito luminol

Thunthu mu funso amachitira chidwi ndi chitsulo, chomwe ndi mbali ya hemoglobin. Choncho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito akatswiri azamalamulo ku chizindikiritso cha kuda magazi ndi Fingerprints anachoka pa powonekera. Luminol ntchito asayansi pa kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso kwa kudziwika chitsulo, mkuwa, cyanide.

Kumene kugula luminol njira

luminol mtengo si mkulu. N'zotheka kuyang'ana maonekedwe mankhwala, zapansi wapadera kapena pharmacies. Ngati inu simukudziwa kumene kutenga luminol, inu mukhoza kugula mu "Galavit" mankhwala, limene likupezeka mapiritsi, makapisozi ndi suppositories. A piritsi lili 25 mg ya mchere ndi sodium wa luminol. 50 ml ya yankho 1% ayenera kukhala miyala 20 (wazolongedza). magome ali n'kukhala ngati ufa ndi madzi anawonjezera kuti izo.

The wowala madzi hydrogen peroxide

Pali maphikidwe kwa madzi losonyeza improvised. Koma kwa yabwino yothetsera ntchito luminol, chifukwa amapereka yosalala ndi yofewa bluish kuwala. Musanayambe, onetsetsani kuteteza malo poyera minofu wandiweyani wa thupi, manja, kuvala magulovu.

Konzani luminol kunyumba chakale (choyamba) Chinsinsi:

• Luminol - magalamu 2-3.
• Madzi - 0,1 malita.
• A njira ya hydrogen peroxide (3%) - 0,08 malita.
• Caustic koloko - 0.01 malita.
• Bluestone - magalamu 3.
• Utoto (rubles, waluntha zobiriwira kapena).
• Glassware (flasks kapena mitsuko).

Kukonzekera:

• Thirani mu chidebe galasi ndi kuwonjezera madzi luminol. Bwinobwino kusakaniza makhiristo mu madzi, kotero kuti iwo azipeza izo kusungunuka.
• Kuti njira chifukwa Chinawonjezeka hydrogen peroxide.
• The zikuchokera chifukwa kuwonjezera mkuwa sulphate. Sulphate akhoza m'malo ndi mankhwala enaake ferric kapena magazi mchere.
• The zikuchokera zaposachedwapa angagwirizanitse caustic koloko.
• Mu chipinda zimitsani kuunika. The zikuchokera chifukwa ayenera zimatulutsa kuwala buluu. Ngati mumtundu, ndiye kuwonjezera njira yoyenera fulorosenti utoto.

Yachiwiri:

• luminol njira (3%) - 5 ml.
• Gidroperit (3%) - 10 ml.
• Zovala detergent ndi madzi - 20 ml.
• potaziyamu permanganate.
• mtsuko uliwonse galasi kapena mphika.

Magawo a ntchito:

• chidebe kutsanulira njira luminol, detergent ufa ndi hydrogen peroxide.
• Pang'ono pang'ono opaka timibulu ochepa a permanganate potaziyamu ndi kuwonjezera kwa zikuchokera okwana.
• Kuwona chimene luminol ndi mmene adzaonetsera katundu, zimitsani kuunika mu chipinda. The madzi adzakhala zimatulutsa ndi chowala wokongola. Ngati njira ndi nthawi kugwedezeka chithovu wothwanima limapezeka padziko zace.

Kukonzekera njira ndi dimethyl sulfoxide

More chidwi chimake adzakhala luminol makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi mpweya mumlengalenga mu Dimexidum sing'anga. Luminescence kumachitika pa mawonekedwe a gawo mpweya ndi madzi kuipitsa.

tiyenera kukonzekera zikuchokera:

• Luminol - 0,15 magalamu.
• Dimexidum (DMSO) - 30 ml.
• Youma sopo - magalamu 35.
• Aliyense utoto fulorosenti.
• Mkulu glassware.

masiteji:

• Bwinobwino osokonezeka mu botolo dimexide, luminol ndi soda.
• chotengera linasindikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro.
• Mu chipinda zimitsani kuunika.
• botololo ndi mopepuka kugwedezeka kupeza bluish chowala. Kusintha mtundu kuwonjezera utoto fulorosenti.
• Ngati chowala wataya kuwala kwake, n'zotheka nsupayo. Pa chikuonetseratu mpweya botololo njira amakhalanso yowala ndipo zimalimbikitsa.

kuphika Nsonga

soda ambiri mu njira ali osavomerezeka kuwonjezera, chifukwa zovuta kupasuka ndipo amautembenuzira madzi mu phala wandiweyani. Kuyimitsidwa a luminol Dimexidum ndi soda akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene kuwonjezera ndi oxidant chowala adzakhala yunifolomu. nthawi umadalira pa nambala gidroperita luminol ndi angafikire mphindi 40. Koma kuchokera overabundance wa luminol chowala wayamba kufooka.

Tikumbukenso kuti luminescence kuwala ndi nthawi nawonso zimadalira ambiri luminol. Kwambiri kuchepetsedwa njira kupereka ofooka koma yaitali chowala. A ndende zazikulu zakuthupi ndipamene kuwala kwambiri ndi njira lonse. Kuwala mtundu akhoza osiyanasiyana monga buluu kuti wobiriwira. Mu formulations watanthauzo munali ndende wamkulu salt magazi analandira wobiriwira chowala.

Kodi n'zotheka m'malo luminol?

Pali zinthu pamene m'pofunika kukonzekera madzi wowala wopanda luminol. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kutenga asidi boric ndi madontho ochepa a fluorescein. zinthu zimenezi zifunika kusakaniza ndi kutenthetsa mbale zitsulo. Madzi adzakhala kuwala mu mdima kwa mphindi imodzi.

Kuti amvetsetse chimene chili luminol bwino kuwatenga nokha. Pamene mawu ukupita, bwino kuona kuposa kumva zana zina. Koma musaiwale kuti zatsopano aliyense kumafuna mogwirizana ndi zinthu zikuwononga ndi zoipa. Choncho ndikofunikira kusunga tipewe ngozi.