Potaziyamu permanganate: lalikulu katundu mankhwala ndipo anachita

Potaziyamu permanganate ku Latin amatchedwa Kalii permanganas. dziko ndi chabe permanganate potaziyamu - potaziyamu mchere mu zimene asidi manganese. Lettering KMnO. Lumikizanani ndi mitundu organic mapuloteni - albuminates, zomverera thupi linachepa wadutsa moto kutengeka, kuluka, kuyabwa m'deralo, pamene kukhala machiritso zotsatira ndipo perefyumu katundu ndi yothetsera.

Potaziyamu permanganate linakonzedwa ndi electrochemical makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala manganese kapena kusintha kwake. Nawa ena amadana ndi permanganate potassium chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafakitale ndi mankhwala:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Apa, pamene ife tikuwona, manganese, oxidized, ali anachitira ndi chlorine ndi potaziyamu salt wa mamolekyulu. The chachiwiri banki anachita chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani, popeza endothermic potaziyamu permanganate opangidwa ndi electrolysis wa maganizo a.

The thupi katundu wa permanganate potaziyamu

Mu sayansi pawiri chimenechi chimatchedwanso permanganate potassium amene ali ndi timibulu ndi granular ndi mawonekedwe orthorhombic wa mdima wofiirira mtundu. The potaziyamu permanganate timibulu mawonekedwe linawola pa Kutentha kutentha kwa 240 ° C ndi pamwamba, kupanga mpweya kusanduka. Izi chinaonetsedwa ndi zimene zotsatirazi:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

Thunthu kachulukidwe 2,703 g / CC. kyubu molar misa permanganate potaziyamu - 158,03 g / mol. The solubility wa mankhwala mu madzi zimadalira ndende ndi kutentha madzi (deta kuperekedwa mu Table 1).

Table 1. Solubility wa permanganate potaziyamu pa kutentha osiyana

Malinga ndi kuchuluka timibulu anawonjezera kuti madzi a kutentha osiyana, njirazo adzakhala ndi hue - kuchokera ofooka, wotumbululuka magenta pa ndende otsika ku wofiirira-violet - pa yaikulu. Other solvents potaziyamu permanganate timibulu protrude acetone, ammonia ndi mowa methyl.

Chemical katundu wa permanganate potaziyamu

Thunthu "potaziyamu permanganate" ndi mwachilungamo amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira. Malinga ndi pH sing'anga kuti amachita pa zosiyanasiyana zinthu kuvutika ndi manganese mu mankhwala aone kuti pali osiyana madigiri wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Mwachitsanzo, mu malo acidic - II, mu zamchere ndi - kuti VI, mu sing'anga ndale, motero - kuti IV.

Zogundana kuganizira chidulo cha safuriki, permanganate potassium katundu mankhwala omwe akusonyeza makutidwe ndi okosijeni amachititsa anachita ndi kuphulika, ndipo zimatulutsa mpweya pamene mkangano - Njira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito O2 kupanga makampani.

Ntchito permanganate potaziyamu

Zasayansi kupanga yamakono ya permanganate potaziyamu anagawira mu kaphatikizidwe organic monga oxidant lapansi. Yankho zamchere ndi ogwira kuyeretsa ndi degreasing wothandizira. Popular ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ntchito 0.1% njira mankhwala mankhwalawa amayaka, rinsing, disinfection, akumapeza poizoni. Ena pharmacies musalole izi, kuyambira dongosolo la utumiki, zimagawidwa ndi ngozi ndi kuphulika. Koma mukhoza kupeza permanganate potaziyamu m'masitolo munda kumene kugulitsidwa ngati fetereza ndi.