"Little Tsahes, wotchedwa Zinnober": mwachidule, kusanthula ntchitoyi

Kodi mtima wanu sunadandaule pakuwona momwe munthu wosayenera ndi wopanda pake akuzunguliridwa ndi ulemu, wopatsidwa madalitso amtundu uliwonse ndikuyang'ana pozungulira ndi kudzikuza? Chisoni chofananacho chinapambana mchikondi wamkulu Ernest Theodore Amadeus Hoffmann, yemwe adatembenuza pensulo yake yeniyeni ndi yeniyeni ngati chida chotsutsana ndi zopusa, zopanda pake, zopanda chilungamo, zomwe ziri zambiri padziko lapansi.

Wophunzira wa German Romanticism

Hoffmann analidi umunthu wa chilengedwe chonse - wolemba, woganiza, wojambula, wojambula ndi woweruza milandu. Atakhala ndi moyo waufupi (zaka 46 zokha), adatha kukhazikitsa ntchito zomwe zinakhala zochitika osati m'chilengedwe chonse, komanso mu chikhalidwe cha munthu aliyense amene adakhudza chidziwitso cha nzeruyi.

Zithunzi zambiri zopangidwa ndi Hoffmann zinakhala dzina la banja. Ena mwa iwo ndi nyamayi ya buku lachinsinsi "Tiny Tsaches, lotchedwa Zinnober." Pano mlembiyo adawonetsa umboni wodabwitsa kwambiri, kukula kwa malingaliro ndi mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito zaluso, kuti nthano yokhayokha ndi zojambulazo zomwe zikugwiritsidwanso mmenemo zikuwoneka zofunikira lero. Ndiye mu ndale, ndiye muzojambula, ndiye muwailesi mulibe-ayi, kotero chida chachilendo ichi chikuwalira - Little Tsaches.

Nkhani yochepa ya nkhaniyi

Kuchokera pa chithunzi cha tsiku lotentha ndi kulira kowawa kwa mkazi wolemala, nkhani imayamba. Timaphunzira kuti chuma, ngakhale ntchito yovuta, sichitha m'manja mwa banja loyang'anira. Kuonjezera apo, mzimayi wosawerengeka anabadwira mmenemo, thupi lomwe mlembiyo amavomerezera ndi radish, ndiyeno apulo anabzala pa mphanda, pomwe adakoka mugudu wopanda nzeru, kenako ndi chitsa chachilendo cha mtengo wovuta. Zaka ziwiri ndi theka zidutsa kuchokera kubadwa kwa Tsachev wamng'ono, koma palibe amene adawona mtundu uliwonse wa maonekedwe a munthu mwa iye. Iye sakanakhoza kuyenda ndi kumayankhula, koma amangopanga phokoso lolira. Ndipo kunali koyenera kuchitika kuti, panthawiyo, nthano yeniyeni inadutsa, yomwe, komabe, idayenera kudzibisa yekha pansi pa maulamuliro (chinyumba chopambana) cha pogona kwa atsikana okongola, chifukwa ma fairies m'zinthu zazikuluzo anali oletsedwa kwambiri.

Rosabelverde wachinyama adadzazidwa ndi chifundo chachikulu kwa banja losautsika ndipo adalipira mphotho yaying'onoyi ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yamatsenga yomwe siidachedwe kuwonetsa mkaziyo asanabwerere kwawo. Abusa, omwe apita kunyumba kwawo, anaimitsa mkaziyo, ndipo akuiwala za mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka zitatu, wokondeka, adayamba kukumbatirana ndi mkazi wake wamwamuna wachinyamata wolimba kwambiri. Bambo Woyera adazizwa kwambiri kuti amayi ake sakanatha kuyamikira kukongola kwa mwana wokongola, ndipo anapempha kuti amutengere mwanayo.

Ndemanga pa makhalidwe auzimu

Msonkhano wotsatira wa wowerenga ndi wina wotchedwa mwana Tsachez unachitika zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, pamene anakulira ndipo anakhala wophunzira. Woyamba kukumana m'nkhalango popita ku Kerepes wa anthu oipa anali achinyamata achinyamata - Fabio ndi Balthazar. Ndipo ngati oyamba anali ndi malingaliro odzudzulidwa ndi okhwima, wachiwiri anali osiyana ndi chidwi ndi chikondi. Kuwoneka ndi mawonekedwe a mlendo wosadziwika, yemwe adasokonezeka kwambiri pachitetezo pamapazi a anyamatawo, adaseka Fabio, ndi Balthasar - chifundo ndi chisoni. Balthazar anali ndakatulo, yemwe kudzoza kunalimbikitsidwa ndi chikondi chake chokonda Candida, mwana wamkazi wokongola wa pulofesa yemwe mnyamata wake anamvetsera maphunziro a sayansi ya chilengedwe.

Mphamvu Zamatsenga

Kuwoneka kwa chibwibwi choipa kwambiri chomwe chinayambitsa mumzindawu si zomwe Fabian ankayembekezera, kuyembekezera zosangalatsa zonse. Mwadzidzidzi, pazifukwa zina, anthu onse adayamba kulankhula za munthu woipa ngati mnyamata wokongola komanso wokongola wokhala ndi makhalidwe ambiri. Zowonjezerapo, mzindawu unapenga, ndikuyitana mwana wamng'onoyo "wokoma mtima, wochenjera komanso wokongola", pamene Tsachez wamng'onoyo adayendera tepi ya tiyi ya Pulofesa Mosh Terpin, yemwe mwana wake wamkazi Bantazar ankamukonda. Pano mnyamatayo adawerenga ndakatulo yake yosangalatsa komanso yoyeretsa yokhudza chikondi cha usiku ndi rose, momwe adasonyezera kutentha kwakumverera kwake. Chimene chinachitika pambuyo pake chinali chosangalatsa! Anagonjetsedwa ndi ndakatulo, omvetsera ankatsatizana kuti ayamike ... aang'ono a Tsahes, akulankhula naye mwaulemu "Mr. Zinnober". Zinapezeka kuti sanali "wanzeru komanso waluso", koma "zodabwitsa, zaumulungu." Ndiye Pulofesa Mosh Terpin anasonyeza zochitika zodabwitsa, koma sanapindule ulemerero, koma Tsaches zomwezo. Ndi iye, chifukwa cha aura yosadziŵika yamatsenga pamaso pa anthu aluso ndi anzeru, nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa ungwiro. Ngati nyimboyi idzawonetsedwa ndi woimba nyimbo - kuyamikira kuyang'ana kudzatumizidwa ku Tsaches, woimba wamkulu adzaimba soprano yayikulu - ndipo kunong'oneza mwachangu kumveka kuti padziko lonse palibe woimba monga Zinnober. Ndipo tsopano candida ya buluu popanda kukumbukira ndikukondana ndi zazing'ono za Tsahes. Iye amapanga ntchito yodabwitsa, kukhala woyamba mlangizi wachinsinsi, ndiyeno mtumiki wa mtsogoleri. Kukhala wofunikira kwambiri ndi kukhala wofunira ulemu, monga momwe amachitira chidwi ndi Hoffmann, Tsaches zazing'ono.

Chidule chakumapeto kwa bukuli

Chilichonse chimene wina angachite ndi iye kapena kunena chinthu chodabwitsa, chimangotchulidwa ndi Tsachesu. Ndipo mofananamo, zonse zonyansa ndi zonyansa za munthu wamba (pamene iye akukhala, croaks, clowns ndi zimbalangondo zopanda pake) pamaso pa anthu zimayikidwa kwa Mlengi weniweni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mtundu wina wolowa m'malo mwaumulungu, kutaya mtima anthu omwe adayenera kupambana, koma ataya manyazi chifukwa cha nyamakazi. Mphamvu yakuda, kutulutsa ziyembekezo, imatcha Balthazar mphatso yamatsenga ya woipa. Koma payenera kukhala njira yothetsera vutoli! Ufiti ukhoza kutsutsidwa, ngati "molimbika kukana naye", pomwe pali kulimba mtima, palibe chigonjetso. Izi zimabweretsa anthu otchuka kwambiri pa nkhaniyi - Balthasar, Fabian ndi referendum achinyamata, omwe adawatcha Pulcher, Pulezidenti Wachilendo (omwe ali ndi udindo komanso udindo wawo). Amzanga amadziwa za zodabwitsa izi: masiku asanu ndi anayi onse amatha kuthamanga njuchi kupita kumunda kupita ku Tsachesu kuti aphatikize ndi kumatsitsimutsa mphamvu zamatsenga. Ndiyeno amayamba kufunafuna njira zolimbirana ndi ziphuphu.

Zoipa zingagonjetsedwe

Pambuyo pake, khalidwe lina likupezeka m'nthano - wizara Prosper Alpanus. Ataphunzira mabuku okhudza gnomes ndi alrauns, akufika pamapeto akuti aang'ono a Tsahes ndi anthu wamba, osapatsidwa mphatso yozizwitsa. Mu nkhondo ya zamatsenga ya Alpinus ndi Rosabelverde, wamatsenga amphamvu kwambiri amalepheretsa mwayi wapadera wothandizira ward yake: chomera chomwe anaphimba tsitsi la chilombochi chinagwa. Ndipo Balthazar wizitiyo adanena kuti chinsinsi cha Zinnober ndi mabodza atatu omwe ali pamutu pake. Ayenera kutulutsidwa ndi kutenthedwa mwamsanga, ndiye aliyense adzawona Tsaches monga momwe alili.

Kuchokera ku filosofi, nkhondo ya chiwembu imakhalapo chifukwa chakuti kusamvetsetseka kwapachiyambi, kusalungama kumapambana, koma choonadi chimagonjetsedwa. Pothandizidwa ndi ambiri, zoipa zimakhala zomveka ndikuyamba kulamulira zenizeni. Kenaka chilakolako champhamvu kwambiri, kukana kusinthana ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kumafunika kusintha kusintha. Izi zikadzachitika m'maganizo ndi zochita za ena, ngakhale zazing'ono, anthu ogwira ntchito pamodzi, zinthu zimasintha.

Mnyamatayo akulimbana ndi ntchito yake: anthu amakhulupirira zenizeni zenizeni, Tsachez wamng'ono akumira m'dothi lake lomwelo ndi kusamba kwake. Amunawa ndi olondola, Candida amavomereza kuti nthawi zonse ankakonda Balthazar, atakwatirana naye, atalandira munda wamatsenga ndi nyumba ya Alpunus.

Zolingalira ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zoona

Pokhala wovomerezeka chifukwa cha malingaliro a Yen romanticists, Hoffmann anali wotsimikiza kuti luso ndilo lokhalo lothandizira kusintha kwa moyo. Nkhaniyi imakhudza kwambiri mtima - kuseka ndi mantha, kupembedza ndi kunyansidwa, kukhumudwa ndi chiyembekezo. M'nkhani ya Tsakesh wamng'ono, monga mwa ntchito zake, wolembayo amapanga hafu yeniyeni, yeniyeni ya nthano yomwe, malinga ndi katswiri wafilosofi wa ku Russia , Vladimir Solovyov, fano labwino kwambiri liripo kwinakwake kupyolera mu chenicheni, ndi mbali ina ya zenizeni zathu. Hoffmann amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamatsenga kuti azisonyezeratu momveka bwino ndi zoona. Ndipo kuti atulutse matangadza ake, amayamba kuchita zinthu zonyansa komanso zowonongeka.

Zopatsa zamatsenga

Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, zochitika zodziwika bwino za folkloric, zomwe zimatanthauza matsenga, zimayendetsedwa mokongola komanso mwachidwi. Mutu wamatsenga womwe nyamayi idapatsa nyama yake, mphukira ya ndodo yamatsenga, imatulutsa kuwala kumene zonyansa zonsezo zimakhala zosaoneka, koma kwenikweni ndi chisa cha golide chomwe chingapangitse kuti choipacho chikhale chokongola. Amagwiritsa ntchito Hoffmann ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino yophimba zovala, akudzaza ndi mafilimu osati kwa anthu a m'nthaŵi yake, komanso kwa ife ndi zomwe muli nazo. Kumbukirani manja ndi zovala za Fabian's cock coat, kutalika komwe mwamsanga kunakhala chifukwa chomangirira pa mwini wake zoipa ndi zopusa.

Dzina la Hoffmann

Wolembayo amaseka zozizwitsa zopanda pake mu zipangizo zamagetsi. Chithunzi chophatikizira cha yunifolomu yovomerezeka ndi mabatani a diamondi, chiwerengero chomwe chimatanthauza kuyenerera pamaso pa abambo (mwa anthu wamba panali awiri kapena atatu a iwo, ku Zinnober pafupifupi makumi awiri), wolembayo amachitiranso ndikutanthauzira kokongola. Ngati nthiti yolemekezeka yotumikira imasungidwa ndi munthu wamba, ndiye kuti pamutu wa Tsatsh - tsinde lalifupi ndi "miyendo ya kangaude" - ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabatani awiri. Koma pambuyo pake, "Mbuye Zinnober" wolemekezeka anali, ndithudi, woyenera ulemu woterewu.

Pomaliza, kuona mwachidule zotsatira za moyo wosayeruzika wa wonyenga wonyenga ukuwoneka: iye adafa ndi mantha a kufa - izi zimapangidwa ndi dokotala, atafufuza thupi la womwalirayo.

Tili ndi chinachake choti tiganizire

Hoffmann mochenjera amatisonyeza chithunzi cha anthu, galasi lomwe linali laling'ono lopweteka. Kusanthula vutoli kumatifikitsa kumapeto kuti ndi zophweka komanso zopanda chiyembekezo kuti mukhale osokonezeka motere. Ngati inu nokha mwakonzeka kulowetsa choonadi ndi mabodza pofuna zolinga zamagulu, ngati simuli achilendo ku chidziwitso kwa ena, ngati simukutsogoleredwa ndi malingaliro opanda mantha ndi opanda ufulu m'moyo, koma ngati mukutsatira malingaliro ang'onoang'ono, mwamsanga mudzawutsa pamtunda wa Tsachez Amatchedwa Zinnober.