Lembani chingwe: mitundu, ntchito, GOST

Pakalipano, palibe zomangamanga kapena kukonzanso sikungakhoze kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu cholimbitsa ngati chingwe chachingwe. Ichi ndi gawo lachitsulo chomwe chimapotoka, chimayikidwa, kapena chimalowa mu dzenje lokonzedweratu.

Izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga ndi yokonzanso monga misomali kapena zikopa. Msika uli wodzaza ndi ziwalo zofanana zofanana. Kodi nanga, nanga ndi yotani ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito?

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Chingwe choyamba cha nangula chinapangidwa ndipo chinapangidwa ndi katswiri wa injini D. Rawlings mu 1913. Ndipo mu 1958, mnzake wina wa ku Germany Arthur Fisher anapanga manja a nylon kuti asamangidwe. Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito "chopiki" yamatabwa.

Kodi kusala kudya kotereku ndi kotani?

Nangula amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku German monga "nangula". Ichi ndi chinthu cholimbitsa thupi, chomwe chimapangidwira kugwira ntchito iliyonse kumbali. Kulimbitsa kwa nangula m'munsi ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbali zakunja, pobisa kapena kuwapotoza chingwe kapena bolt. Zinthu zimenezi zimapereka mgwirizano wodalirika ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Amatha kupirira katundu waukulu kwambiri.

Chingwe chachingwe (GOST 28778-90) chiri ndi magawo awiri. Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zosiyana komanso sizomwe zimakhazikitsidwa. Yoyamba ikugwira ntchito. Ikulongosola pang'onopang'ono povala kapena kupotoza ndipo motero imapereka chodalirika chokhazikika. Komanso, chombo chotchikachi chimakhala ndi chikho chimene chimalepheretsa kumiza mu dzenje. Zingakhale zobisika, zosiyana zosiyana: kuzungulira kapena zozungulira.

Mitundu ndi kugawa kwa dowels

Kumanga zipilala zosiyana kumakhala ndi cholinga, mtundu wa kuika, zipangizo zopangira. Mndandandawo ndi wosavuta. Kotero, mwa cholinga, zikopa zomangirira zimagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri. Yoyamba ndiyotchulidwa pazifukwa:

• Zopangira mapepala (plywood, OSB, GKL, chipboard). Malonda oterewa amatchedwa "agulugufe" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo. Kukonzekera kotereku kumakhala koyenera kuika nyumba zosaoneka bwino pamakoma opanda pake. Pofuna kukonza zitsulo zolemera kwambiri kuchokera ku zipangizo zamatabwa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro ndi ulusi wakunja. Zinthu zimenezi zimapangidwira m'mapepala a GKL ndipo mosakayikira zimagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe onse.
• Kwa magawo a porous kapena ma cell. Zomwe ndizo njerwa zopanda pake, mapulogalamu a ma cell, mthunzi konkire, etc. Zilondazi zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zopangira pulasitiki. Iwo ali ndi mbali yosiyana.
• Kwa zipangizo zonse zolimba. Izi zimaphatikizapo konkire, njerwa, miyala, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu ya fasteners yazitsulo zotere zingapangidwe ndi zitsulo ndi pulasitiki. Iwo ali ndi gawo lalitali, losabalalika.

Ponena za kutchulidwa kwa ntchito, malingana ndi izo, mipando, chimango ndi zida zapadala zimasiyana. Makamaka ofunika kudziŵa zinthu zowonjezera kutentha, mu slang ya omanga omwe amatchedwa "bowa". Mitundu ya fasteners imeneyi imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Iwo ali ndi bonnet yaikulu, yokonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi matayala otsekemera otentha m'munsi. Zojambulajambula ndi zojambula zazithunzi zili ndi gawo losakanikirana, losabalalika. Zapangidwa kuti zikhazikitse nyumba zolemetsa. Iwo amapangidwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera ku zitsulo.

Zida zopangira

Mu teknoloji yopanga zipsera za angwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsulo kapena mapepala ena apulasitiki (nylon, polypropylene, etc.). Monga lamulo, nangula wotchinga amadzigwiritsira ntchito popangira nyumba zolemetsa, zomwe m'tsogolo zimanyamula katundu. Zikhoza kukhala mawindo, zitseko kapena zigawo zamakono, komanso zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Anchokwe zitsulo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera maziko a maziko. Zapangidwa ndi ma stelo ndipo zimatha kupirira katundu wolemetsa.

Zipangizo za anchokwe zapulasitiki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zowala. Izi ndi zinthu zosiyana kuchokera ku mbiri ya GCR. Nangula okhala ndi mailoni a nylon nayenso ankagwira ntchito zawo zapakhomo. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zojambulajambula, zojambula zosiyanasiyana, zojambulajambula, zingwe za zingwe ndi zingwe. Zokonzera zoterezi, zipewazo zimaloledwa ndi zikopa, mphete ndi zinthu zina pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi imodzimodzizi pulasitiki ya pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zopanda kanthu kapena zamagulu.

Mitundu ya angwe mwa mtundu wa kuika

Iwo ndi osiyana:

1. Kugulitsa. Lumikizani zolimba, zomwe zimapangidwira katundu wolemetsa. Chikwera mu chimango cha nyumba kapena khoma pokonzekera kukonzanso.
2. Waukulu. Msonkhano wopangira zitsulo, womwe umapangidwanso kuti ukhale katundu wolemetsa. Amadziwika pomangamanga, kumaliza ndi kukonza ntchito. Kuwongolera chifukwa cha mphamvu yolekanitsa ya elemental (liner kapena spring ring) yomwe imayikidwa mu kapangidwe kamene kamakonzedwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kumasulira kwa bolt.
3. Kuthamanga. Amafika kumbali mpaka kumunsi. Imakhala ndi ndodo yachitsulo yokhala ndi spacer: kamba, mchira ndi nut.
4. Kuwongolera. Muzitsulo zotero msomali wokhala ndi mapepala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalepheretsa kuchoka kwake.
5. Zinalembedwa. Chingwe choterechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika pulasitiki ndi mafelemu a matabwa. Izi ndizowoneka mopepuka kwambiri, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti muzitha kusinthana ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Njira yomaliza yomaliza mpaka kumapeto

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zigawo zomangira, pamene chingwechi chimadutsa mu "thupi" la zipangizo zoyenera. Zambiri za njirayi ziyenera kukhala zochepa (zochepa). Tisaiwale kuti panthawi yopyolera, malamulo apadera ayenera kuwonedwa. Chingwe chokhala ndi nangula chiyenera kukhala chotalika kwambiri kuti 2/3 cha pansicho chikhale pansi, ndipo 1/3 - mu thupi la kapangidwe kawo. Apo ayi, njira yowakonzera ilibe ntchito.

Njira yowonjezera yoyamba

Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa chingwe pamunsi kwa kutalika kwake. Sungani zinthu zolimbitsa mitsuko yoyamba. Mimba mwake ikhale yofanana ndi kukula kwake kwa dola. Kutalika ndi 3-5 mm zazikulu. Katundu wotere amafunika kotero kuti fumbi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimapanga panthawi ya kubowola dzenje siziteteza kuti chingwecho chisalowe mkati mwake.