"Lee-Enfield" - British mfuti. Kufotokozera, makhalidwe, zithunzi

World amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida mbiri amadziwa Nthawi zambiri pamene ena mfuti amakhala weniweni "nkhope" nthawi yake. Ichi chinali "trehlineyka" wathu, mfuti lomwelo lidali "Lee-Enfield". Kufikira tsopano, okhometsa padziko lonse angathe foloko kunja jackpot iliyonse yabwino mwayi amene angathe kupereka iwo chitsanzo cha zida wangwiro chikhalidwe. Mu UK yokha mtundu mfuti ndi kufunika woterewu umene tili ndi lodziwika bwino "mosinka".

Mmene onse anayamba?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Chingerezi mfuti wa mtundu uwu Analeredwa ndi Royal Army mu 1895. Ndipotu, anali kuloŵedwa m'malo mwachindunji kwa mfuti "Lee-Enfield" mu 1853. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti choyambirira chida kulengedwa mwachindunji ufa wakuda. Pamene ife anayesedwa makatiriji ndi zitsanzo latsopano utsi-free, kamodzi zinaonekeratu kuti chida kuti ntchito zosafunika kwathunthu.

The British anali mwachangu kukhala mbiya latsopano ndi kasinthidwe osiyanasiyana mfuti lapansi. Kumene, akukonza zosinthidwa ndi chitsulo zowoneka. Wake "lokonza" latsopano "Lee-Enfield" kwathunthu anasonyeza pa wamagazi Boer nkhondo.

Ngati muli ndi mwana kuwerenga ulendo mabuku, inu mwina mukukumbukira "Boers" ndi "mabungwe", kulola kuti akanthe ndi mdani ndi wokwera pa mtunda nthawi. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri zinali zofanana za British "Lee-Enfield" monga Boers (Dutch atsamunda) ntchito ambiri German "Mauser".

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mankhwala German mu nkhondo zinali bwino kwambiri, koma ndi kukonda dziko lako British touted mfuti yake, amene wakhala nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti "bulauni."

Anaonetsa kuti zochitika African?

Britain akapambana nkhondo, koma CSKA avutika kwambiri yeniyeni "Mauser". N'zosadabwitsa kuti iwo anapempha ndi kusinthidwa mwamsanga mfuti zawo. N'chifukwa chake mu 1903 watsopano chitsanzo - SMLE Mk I. chiyani tikutero ku akalambula ake?

Potsatira chitsanzo cha dziko la Germany, a British anaganiza kuchita chinachake wapakatikati pakati pa carbine apakavalo ndi "kukwaniritsa" mfuti kukula (monga "Mauser K98"). Ichi chinali ndithu njira yotheka, monga kale mu nkhondo zinaonekeratu kuti apakavalo anali kukhala zochepa kwambiri, komanso kuti asilikali kavalo nthawi zonse dismount moto mu mode nkhondo.

Mu 1907 anatengera kusinthidwa anatenga SMLE Mk.III, amene amakhala ndi kuthekera adzapereke mofulumira kudzera tatifupi. mfuti ili "Lee-Enfield" anali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo World Ine ndi wabwino lasonyeza. Anyankhondo ankakonda mfuti ili kwa mwatsatanetsatane mkulu ndi olondola. Mu 1916 izo anatenga "wapakatikati" buku la mfuti, amene zathu- pa luso chosavuta, kuti zinthu nkhondo anali superfluous ndithu.

Zida zina monga asilikali?

Ngakhale ena mwaukadaulo zotsogola "anyenga" British anatha kulenga chida chodalirika kwambiri. Pali milandu pamene asilikali atakulungidwa shutter wochuluka chiguduli, kenako anapitiriza kumenyana ngakhale ali chigonere kunkhondo madzi. Mu nkhope kuukira zonse za mfuti chachikulu pamene zili zonse kunkhondo amakhala okutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza matope ndi mchenga, kudalirika kwa mfuti awa anali chabe mphatso yochokera kumwamba.

pofuna

Pamaso World nkhondo II Analeredwa ndi kusinthidwa wa SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Mk. I). Major zaluso ndi nkhawa chilengedwe cha thunthu kwambiri Hardy, ndi wolandila yosavuta manufacturable. Komanso, pamene panali yosavuta kumbuyo pamaso, chikusintha kwambiri ndi lolondola aiming ndi moto.

Ngati Tikayerekeza mfuti yatsopano ndi zosintha kale, wakhala kwambiri ophweka ndi odalirika. zida Service amayamba kumwa nthawi zochepa. shutter Inde ndi wamfupi, kungakhale mofulumira ndi mosavuta juggle. Pomaliza, mlingo wa mfuti ili kwa nthawi yoyamba kuposa zimene "Mauser".

Za "thupi" makhalidwe a

Tikumbukenso kuti asilikali British amalembedwa drawback imodzi yokha - kulemera. kusinthidwa wachisanu Only kulemedwa makilogalamu 3.3, ndi mitundu ina yonse anali mu uthunthu makilogalamu 4 (mfuti No. 4 Mk. ndinawayezera makilogalamu 4.11). Komano, athu "mosinka" mpeni anakoka makilogalamu onse 4.5, kotero kuti sangathe izi ndi zokayikitsa ndi mpikisano ena. Mwa njira, "Mauser K98" ndi kulemedwa pa 4.1 makilogalamu, kotero pano - zonse parity.

Sniper "modding" ndi zosintha zina

Pamaziko a kusinthidwa otsiriza anayamba kulenga ndi Sniper mfuti, monga kufunika kwa gulu osiyana zida "sharpshooters" pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kuonekera. Komabe, British siinafike zopanga pa conveyors payekha: chabe kusankha zida ku mulu ambiri, zochokera molondola chodziwa ndi olondola (mu njira chomwecho chimene ife timachita kuti Wehrmacht). Mayina Sniper zosintha - SMLE No.4 Mk. I (T).

Mu 1944, nkhondoyo kwambiri kunabuka Burma ndi mbali zina za Asia, kumene British ankayesa kutulutsa ndi Japanese, amene mosavuta anaponyera kuchokera British pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Posakhalitsa zinadziwika kuti muyezo oyenda mfuti m'nkhalango mantha kwambiri chifukwa mbiya yaitali kwambiri zimasokoneza ufulu kuzemba.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, okonza posakhalitsa anakhazikitsa mfuti No. 5 Mk. Ine M'nkhalango Carbine. Mu mfuti ili kung'anima suppressor linkatchulidwa, ndipo anali zocheperapo mbiya ndi forend. Koma asilikali a kusinthidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana sanali mu ankhondo, chitsanzo si ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Mwa njira, kodi osiyanasiyana moto wa chida? Ndi chidwi ndithu: ndi zosintha choyamba - mamita 2743, pa mfuti No. 5 Mk. Ine M'nkhalango - mamita 1000. Kumene, zonsezi - "kavalo mu zingalowe", popeza mchitidwewu, osiyanasiyana bwino moto palibe mamita oposa 500-900, koma Zotsatira (ngakhale ndi mfundo lero) ndi zabwino kwambiri. Pakuti nkhondowo pafupi udaikidwa mpeni, "Lee-Enfield" anali okonzeka ndi tsamba chidwi, limene mpaka pano kwambiri kuzindikira okhometsa.

Nkhani ndi "kusaka mwambo"

Mpaka mochedwa 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, zida zimenezi anali atakonzekera ndi Royal Army. Mfundo mfuti mmodzi wa zitsanzo pamwambapa angathe mosavuta akupezeka m'mayiko amene anali madera British. Amadziwika kuti Mujahideen ku Afghanistan amagwira ntchito "Enfields" ziwembu pa asilikali. Pa nkhani yomweyo ofotokoza za ntchito zenizeni za "Boers", izo tsopano anapeza zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti chipolopolo wakale English mfuti, kwenikweni akuswa muyezo asilikali flak jekete. Koma nkhani za linasweka oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira ...? Kuziyika izo modekha, zimenezi chifukwa kukayikira mwa akatswiri monga zida za BTR 70/80 akugwirizira, ngakhale kuganizira, likungosonyeza 12,7 mm. Palinso mudziwe kuti ku "Boers" Soviet Helicopters zoyendera zinawakhudza kangapo.

Ndi ichi, mukhoza kuvomereza kuti: ndi "MI-8" zida si monga kalasi, kotero palibe zodabwitsa mu nkhani zotero. Ndipotu Vietnam US "Hugh" amagwiritsidwanso kugonja pa losavuta ya mifuti pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mwachidule, kutsutsana maganizo za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa "Enfield" ikuchitika patali chotero, ndipo iwo sangakhoze kuona mapeto.

makhalidwe luso

Kuyambira mfundo structural maganizo a mfuti English ndi nthumwi tingachipeze powerenga za chida ndi Yambitsaninso Buku ndi bawuti kutsetsereka. Waukulu mbali - desyatizaryadny shopu, zomwe, ngakhale kwambiri mokomera miyeso "kubowola" ndi sanali zochotseka. Mu chithunzi chili kuoneka bwino chida.

Mwachidule, m'pofunika mlandu, kukankhira vavu udindo kumapeto (ngati trehlineyke kapena "Mauser"). Komabe, mu kuya kwa choyambitsa kusamala ndi latch amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa sitolo. Ngakhale njirayi ntchito kokha pamene chofunika kuchita ndi kuyeretsa mokwanira kapena m'malo mbali.

zida

Adzapereke zimachitika ndi kagawo kotenga mu wolandila lapansi. Ndi, monga ife tatchulazi, adzamasulidwa kokha pamene shutter amadziwa lotseguka. Mlandu chida angakhale ngati woyang'anira wina, ndi makolala, omwe anali zipolopolo asanu. Ngati mfuti onse nyengo, kuti mayiko mtundu yotsirizira ya potsegula mu grooves kwambiri wolandila milled.

Mwa njira, mtundu wa katiriji ntchito apa? "Lee-Enfield" amathandiza zida zenizeni ndithu: likungosonyeza .303 British, kuti umunthu chinkafunika dongosolo - 7,7 mm. wamanja kutalika - 56 mm. Tikumbukenso kuti choyambirira likungosonyeza zida anakwana 7,69 mm, koma pambuyo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa dongosolo latsopano la mfuti zinatengera kusintha.

Features ndi shutter choyambitsa

Pansi pa chipata anali zolosera awiri, ndi umene umathandiza lanu odalirika mbiya. Pamene inu kutseka shutter basi hule cocked. Pakakhala kusamalira kwa recharging anali pang'ono wopindidwa, anagwada pansi. Sam shutter zosavuta kusamalira, ali ndi "olimba" koma Komanso sitiroko yochepa. Chifukwa chakuti yamasika amapereka bwino ndalama, chimene nthawizonse wakhala wotchuka mfuti "Lee-Enfield".

USM (ie choyambitsa limagwirira) - chophweka, kupheratu mtundu. Pali lama fuyusi ili kumanzere kwa wolandila lapansi. Mosiyana trehlineyki wathu chinthu ichi pa "mngelezi" inali yabwino kwambiri, lama fuyusi angathamange chala cha dzanja limodzi popanda kusintha zida chotheratu.

Komanso, mfuti, "Lee-Enfield" anali tsatane awiri mbadwa, amene kwambiri bwino molondola. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuchita khosi mbuyo: kukhala pafupifupi "mfuti" mawonekedwe, ali ergonomic kwambiri, zomwe kwambiri bwino zida chotheratu.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mbuyo, inu mudzapeza pali mabowo atatu mmodzi yekha kamene cholinga kusunga zipangizo chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ena awiri zofunika kuchepetsa kulemera okwana chida. Ambiri, matabwa pomanga ambiri: chithunzi limasonyeza zida zimene zimapangidwa ndi nkhaniyi overlays onse.