Kwanyengo ya pansi mu chimango nyumba pa milu: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo, mbali ndi ayamikira

Kwanyengo ya pansi mu chimango nyumba pa Nyumba Zam'mwamba ayenera idzachitika, kutenga nkhani mbali structural nyumba zimenezi. Only mu nkhani iyi simungathe kukumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chitonthozo m'nyumba. Pamene nyumba pamwamba pa zinthu akuthandiza ya mulu, iye kawirikawiri ali pansi kapena chapansi. Izi zikhoza kuganiziridwa mwayi, amene pang'onopang'ono ukufika pa sangathe ya mpweya ndi mmunsi mwa nyumba kuchokera kumbali zonse.

Features kwanyengo

nyumba oterowo anamangidwira pa dothi m'madambo, kotero danga pansi iwo amakhala ndi mkulu mlingo wa chinyezi. Kunyumba si pansi mavuto zinthu zachilengedwe, m'pofunika kuti akonzekeretse pansi mu zigawo zingapo.

Matenthedwe kutchinjiriza keke

Kwanyengo ya pansi mu chimango nyumba kumapereka lingaliro onyamula mafupa, amene pamodzi ndi boma-pansi. Kenako pakubwera windscreen, mmene nthunzi ya madzi permeability. Ndi chofunika kuteteza ntchito kutchinjiriza zinthu weathering. Wosanjikiza lotsatira yaikidwa ndi insulator ikukhudzana anatseka ndi chinyontho ndi zigawo nthunzi chotchinga. The chomaliza liza pansi, lomwe linali ndi matabwa.

Kodi asalakwitse

Kusankha Kutentha zinthu zoterozo "chitumbuwa" ayenera kutsatira mfundo kuti uyenera kukhala apamwamba. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zabwino nthunzi ndipo kumatira mankhwala adzakhala molondola kuteteza malo ku chinyezi lapansi. Ngati kutchinjiriza pansi chimango nyumba, anakhala pa Nyumba Zam'mwamba, sadzakhala kuchitidwa ndi malamulo onse, mungafunikire kusankha ndi kuchuluka ndalama kwa Kutentha, condensation kumachitika pa mobisa, ndi maonekedwe a nkhungu ndi cinoni.

Ayamikira za kusankha zinthu

pilings lotsekedwa akhoza kukhala pa umisiri zingapo, monga chofunika pankhani imeneyi imalimbikitsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu yonyowa. Kwanyengo ya pansi chimango nyumba thovu ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino ndi zomveka. Koma pa kutentha otsika ndi chinyezi mkulu, nkhani limaphwasuka kusandulika mu zinthu payekha. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza ikukhudzana m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zimatetezedwa ku chinyezi.

Maminolo ubweya ndi zachilendo kwa kuthetsa vuto anafotokoza. Ndi inert zinthu zamoyo yodziwika ndi katundu mkulu kutentha kutetezedwa ndi sakuopa wa moto. Koma malowedwe a madzi mu katundu poteteza kutchinjiriza atayika. Pamene miyeso yoyenera angagwiritsidwe ntchito mitundu yonse ya wools mchere, kuphatikizapo:

• mwala;
• galasi;
• slag.

Izi insulator matenthedwe akuyendera masikono ndi mbale, koma akatswiri amavomereza ntchito Baibulo atsopano, monga ali osalimba chinanso poyerekeza ndi mnzake intaneti.

Kwanyengo ya pansi chimango nyumba Penoplex zinkachitikanso zambiri. Nkhanizi ndi thovu polystyrene, chopangidwa ndi luso extrusion. Iwo ali negligible madzi mayamwidwe index ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. mbali izi chuma m'njira zambiri poyerekeza Anzawo mtengo. Poyerekeza ndi thovu, ndiye penoplex adzakhala odalirika kwambiri.

njira zina zothetsera kusamvana

Kwanyengo ya pansi chimango kunyumba keramzit komanso zachilendo. Gwiritsirani ntchito uno wokha, ndi pa achisangalalo kuthandiza kunja Sikuti. Keramzit osiyana chitetezo moto ndi mtengo wotsika. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi zipangizo tatchulazi, kutentha katundu chishango keramzit otsika.

Paudindo hydro ndi mphepo umboni zipangizo apansi pa maziko mulu ntchito nthunzi-permeable Kakhungu vlagovetroizolyatsionnye amene amangoyankhula zingawathandize unsembe. Komabe, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti ndalama magawo amenewa ndi mkulu mokwanira. The nthunzi chotchinga angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pulasitiki filimu zosavuta yaikidwa mwachindunji wosanjikiza kutchinjiriza.

Features kukodzedwa dongo kutentha pansi

Choyamba, pamene pansi kutchinjiriza keramzit amapita kumatira wosanjikiza. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira, chifukwa kutchinjiriza ndi zimatenga chinyezi, zomwe zingachititse kuti zotsatira zoipa. Pofuna kukwaniritsa pachilichonse pamaso backfilling kukodzedwa dongo m'pofunika poyera chitsogozo ankayatsa, umene kudziwa mlingo tsogolo la pansi.

Pakuti yodalirika chikukonzekera chotenthetsera ntchito tayi wosanjikiza ndi chapamwamba kumatira. Isanafike ntchito pamwamba wosanjikiza motere chomaliza screed fixation kutsanulira wapakatikati wosanjikiza. Kuti simenti izi wothira madzi kupanga yunifolomu kuyimitsidwa. Izo ziyenera wodzazidwa ndi wosanjikiza dothi kukodzedwa. Pambuyo kuyanika wa wosanjikiza izi inu kutsindikiza kuti monolithic kukodzedwa dongo pansi kuti si mantha chinyezi ndi katundu mkulu. Mapulani amatha kupirira ngakhale chivomezi yaing'ono. Wosanjikiza chomaliza okhala, amene akhoza potsiriza angaimbidwenso pansi.

Sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo kutchinjiriza pansi

Mu gawo loyamba la yothetsa pansi akhakula, chifukwa kuti amamangiriridwa ku joists matabwa mtanda, amene amatchedwanso cranial. Iye adzachita ntchito ya kuthandiza kutsirizitsa kwa floorboards lapansi. Ntchito zinthu mitengo kuchitiridwa ndi antiseptic, sitepe yotsatira akhoza chitani unsembe wa matabwa.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito polystyrene kapena thovu, Ndi bwino kuika gululi m'malo mwa boma pansi. Iwo chili kuti joists moti amatha kupirira kulemera kwa kutentha insulator ntchito. milu Overburden kulemera owonjezera ali osavomerezeka. Nditamaliza makonzedwe a kum'mwera pansi aikidwa pa pamwamba pa nthunzi chotchinga. Zonse chinyezi kuchokera kunja adzatsala kunja, koma kutentha wosanjikiza sikungawononge izo. Kudera limeneli akhoza kukhala paroizolirovat polyethylene filimu, yomwe nthawi zambiri m'malo ndi zinthu denga.

Kwanyengo ya pansi chimango nyumba mu gawo lotsatira ikukhudza unsembe wa kutchinjiriza. Pa izo ziyenera kuyikidwa mnthuzi chotchinga wosanjikiza amene kumaphatikiza malowedwe a condensation ndi chinyezi mkati mu "mkate". Pamene khazikitsa mnthuzi chotchinga ayenera kuchotsa mipata kuti zikhale pakati pa webs zipangizo. Apo ayi, mungachite milatho ozizira, ndi owopsa kwa kutchinjiriza, chifukwa posachedwapa adzawononga dongosolo la zinthu.

Mu sitepe yotsatira mukhoza chitani dongosolo la pansi kusasanyiwa, kutsatira chipboards, matabwa pansi, mapepala plywood kapena mankhwala ena. Kwanyengo ya pansi mu chimango nyumba ayenera limodzi ndi chitetezo cha milu atathana kapu. Pankhaniyi, pansi sakhala chisanu. Koma ngati sukufuna kumanga malo otentha kapena simungathe kutero, zinthu akuthandiza ayenera kutseka ndi kapu kukongoletsa, amene ali kudya makongoletsedwe ndi mtengo wotsika.

Alikuwotha moto wa pansi kupyolera mu chapansi

Pamene opangidwa mu kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ya pansi chimango nyumba, ndi manja anu, mukhoza kutseka zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira alipo. Chifukwa ntchito njerwa kapena chomenyedwa zomangamanga, nyama Kudzabwera m'munsi, yotsirizira amene amalola kuti amange analogue a wapakamwa mpweya wokwanira. Ngati mwaganiza ntchito zowalamulira, m'pofunika kumanga Zabirko ntchito theka njerwa. Mzere woyamba ayenera kuikidwa pa zomangamanga chisanadze wogonjera pilo mchenga, amene ali bwino ting'onoting'ono basi.

Zabirko ayenera phula ndi pepala phula. Yoyenera kutchinjiriza opunthira chimango nyumba kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo kutchinjiriza kapu. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi onyenga ake. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu malizitsani ntchito mu nthawi yaifupi n'kotheka, ndalama. chimango The amapangidwa lathing unsembe wa matabwa matabwa kapena kanasonkhezereka mbiri. Muyenera kukhazikitsa iwo mwachindunji pa milu ya. Kamangidwe kameneka ndi mchimake mu sitepe yotsatira denga anamva, PVC anapereka mapepala pamwamba motengera mwala kapena njerwa. Analimbitsa mankhwala PVC ndi misomali kapena zomangira konsekonse. Chimake choyamba ndi abwino kwa lath matabwa, pamene lachiwiri - mbiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo.

kutchinjiriza awiri

Kawiri kutchinjiriza wa sayansi pansi chimango nyumba zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito simenti awiri. Kuyambira mutu zikuonekeratu kuti matabwa yazokonza pansi ndi kuchita kawiri, koma bolodi adzakhala osiyana. Subfloor lidzakhalamo ku matabwa roughest kuti bwino kusintha kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pamwamba wosanjikiza zakuthupi denga aikidwako, adzateteza yazokonza pansi matabwa.

Wosanjikiza lotsatira lidzakhala mchenga, kutalika amene afike malire a masentimita 3 mpaka 5. Komanso kubisala mchenga polyethylene filimu analimbitsa ndi misomali kapena mfuti chakudya. Wosanjikiza lotsatira lidzakhala kutchinjiriza, amene Pre-kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono. Kuikira pamwamba pa chipboard, amene adzaikidwa pansi kuwamaliza.

Features kuwoloka kutchinjiriza

Kuwoloka pansi kutchinjiriza mu chimango nyumba komanso ntchito zambiri. Pothetsa socle kulowererana matabwa a miyeso zotsatirazi: 200 × 500 mm, ndi kutchinjiriza makulidwe ayenera zopanda 200 mm. Upper kutentha kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala perpendicular kwa zigawo m'munsi, amene amapereka dzina la sayansi.

Pomaliza

Kwanyengo ya pansi mu nyumba ndi maziko pa milu akhoza kukhala bwinobwino, koma ngati mukufuna kuyetsa, kutchinjiriza ndi chingapezeke ngakhale ndi pamphasa a. Njira imeneyi ndi yaikulu kwa eni amene sanasankhebe kutsegula pansi.

Kuchita izi, ntchito ndi nkhani zofanana mu makhalidwe kwa makalapeti ochiritsira. Ikani pamphasa kuti zonse pa malo pansi pa chipinda, kukhudza wozungulira. Njira imeneyi adzalola kusiyana ndi kutseka pa simenti ndi pansi pa matabwa, imene mpweya ozizira likulowerera ku chapansi.