Kuzindikira chikhalidwe

Padangokhala, ndi Cicero chachikulu anati, "Iwe za chinachake kukangana kugwirizana tanthauzo la mawu ...". Mwina izi ndi umboni wa Roma wanzeru komanso zotheka mu mawu ophiphiritsa, amasonyeza tanthauzo la "kuzindikira chikhalidwe" limaphunzitsa. Ndithudi, aliyense akumvetsa izo zimachitika ogwira pakati pa anthu zichitike pokhapokha ngati kuli mu chikhalidwe cha luntha. chakuti mogwirizana ndi pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, onse cholinga ndi m'maganizo, angathe kutanthauziridwa ophunzira akuchita mogwirizana ndi osokoneza.

ambiguity n'logwirizana chakuti zisudzo ndi kucheza, pali zoyembezereka osiyana pa njira ndi chifukwa cha ntchito mogwirizana ndi anthu ena m'malo ena, aliyense wosewera timakhala ake ndi chilengedwe kunja chikhalidwe chimatsogoleredwa ndi machitidwe osiyana mtengo ndi muyezo.

Komabe, pamene kusiyana konse mwa mfundo zimenezi ankachita pali chizindikiro chimodzi kuti cholinga ndi ofanana ndi anthu onse a mogwirizana ndi - ndondomeko izi ndi ndondomeko za maganizo a wina ndi mzake. Iwo mwachikulu chofunika mu dongosolo kulankhulana ndi wofanana ndi mfundo kuzindikira chikhalidwe.

Izo ziyenera Komabe, kumveketsa mfundo imeneyi, kuti ntchito ya gulu anachita molondola ndi kwathunthu amasonyeza mbali zili mgwirizano pakati pa anthu. Kukwera sayansi, mawu anayamba ndi J. Bruner mu 1947, nalowa kuwerenga maganizo pamodzi ndi chiphunzitso cha «New Look» -. A maonekedwe atsopano pa vuto la kulankhulana, mogwirizana ndi maganizo a anthu ena. Mkati mawonedwe izi nzeru chikhalidwe chaululidwa yekha kudziŵa mbali ya ubale wa anthu.

Chotsatira, kuyang'ana pa nkhani za gulu lino angapo kukodzedwa pansi maganizo anamukwiyira ankaona ndondomeko nzeru maofesi chikhalidwe mzake. Mu kutanthauzira ili yotakata kugona chakuti, pansi pa chinthu chikhalidwe anamvetsa si munthu, ali lonse ya zinthu za zinthu zokhudza anthu wonse: gulu chikhalidwe, dera, ndipo ngakhale anthu onse, pamene mtundu wa "munthu - anthu. " Modern maganizo sayansi mu kutanthauzira kumeneku kwa lingaliro la kulingalira maganizo chikhalidwe.

A review m'ziwawa a nkhani za kafukufuku ndi kulenga zovuta chithunzi cha limagwirira nzeru za zinthu chikhalidwe ndi mnzake mu njira ya ankachita. limagwirira Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo munthu weniweni amene amatha kuzindikira zina, munthu wina amene amalowa chinkhoswe ndi loyamba. limagwirira Izi lowonjezera ndi katundu wa mogwirizana wa zisudzo amene anthuwa monga maonekedwe a magulu a anthu okhudzidwa ndi amene iwo ali. Pomaliza, chinthu chofunika kwa limagwirira izi amachita ngati situational chigawo chimodzi - zinthu zenizeni ndi mmene nthawi ndi malo amene mogwirizana.

Ngakhale kwambiricho mu dongosolo ndipo zili mu mtima wa umoyo-pedagogical kuzindikira, zimene zimaphatikizapo kulolerana angapo a, zinthu zapadera latsopano kwambiri kudziŵa maganizo. Ndi monga lathu akatswiri, makamaka pedagogical ntchito monga chinthu mu socialization wonse wa munthu, yamtunduwu ndi ena. Choncho, kuphunzitsa maganizo chikhalidwe ndi kuwamva monga luso la mphunzitsiyo, mphunzitsi (m'lingaliro wodziika mawu), kuona dziko lamkati la mwana, wophunzira, mwa chifundo, mwachitsanzo luso la "ndi" vicissitudes mapangidwe ake, pamodzi naye.

Mphamvu ya njira imeneyi kawirikawiri anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha chidwi ndi mavuto nkhawa educability. Ndipo chifukwa "khalidwe" chigawo chimodzi cha zinthu amamva chiphunzitso zimadalira ziwiri: luso la mphunzitsi, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi luso wophunzira, pa ena.