Kulima adyo kutchire. Adyo: kubzala, kusamalira

Adyo - mmodzi wa mbewu masamba wamkulu, amene ali kunyumba kwa m'tsinde mwa zigawo Central Asia. Izi zokometsera ndi chotentha n'kusindikiza spiciness, ndi mankhwala kwambiri. Choncho munda wathunthu popanda ichi kubzala bulbous nthumwi banja. Kukula adyo mu nthaka lotseguka zambiri sayambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa alimi. Akukhulupirira kuti palibe lalikulu zambiri. Komabe, kukolola n'kovuta kukula. Compliance ndi malamulo a ulimi, umisiri ndi kubzala chisamaliro ndi zofunika kukula bwino mbewu lodabwitsa masamba.

Adyo: Mbiri ya zomera

N'zosatheka kukhazikitsa ndi nthawi iliyonse adyo alipo mu miyoyo ya anthu. Kale kalelo kuti anali wamkulu mu India ndi ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mbiri yakale amati kudya unayamba pafupifupi 5 zikwi zapitazo. Anapeza nkhani pamanja za kulima adyo ku Greece ndi Rome, Asuri ndi Yuda, Egypt ndi mayiko Arab. Umapezeka manda a Farao. Iye amatchulidwa m'Baibulo ndi Korani, buku lomwe limasonyeza kuzindikira mkulu wa anyezi izi zazikulu monga zonunkhira ndi zomera mankhwala kwa chitukuko wakale. Ndipo lero n'zovuta kuchita popanda chikhalidwe, kotero tiyeni kuthana ndi intricacies kukula zomera zodabwitsa ngati adyo.

Kubzala: kusankha malo

ankafika gawo n'kofunika kwambiri. Ziyenera kukhala yosalala, osati madzi kasupe ndi madzi osefukira, ndipo kukhala pa dzuwa mbali. Kutsatira dongosolo la kasinthasintha mbewu ayenera kukhala: pa wina ndi malo amodzi adyo ayenera kukhala wamkulu zaka zosaposa 2. Abwino kalambulabwalo zomera ndi zukini, nandolo, mbatata, nkhaka.

nthaka ayenera kukhala amtengo chonde bwino chatsanulidwa. The Tinganene ndi kutsatira intervals kubzala: 8-10 masentimita pakati pa mano ndi masentimita 18-20 pakati pa mizere. mpweya ndi kuwala - chikhalidwe zofunika kukula bwino mbewu. Komanso, monga patali ndi mulingo woyenera umuna wotsatira ndi Kupalira.

Kukonzekera inoculum ndi

An ulamuliro yofunika kwambiri ya khalidwe kusankha mano a adyo kubzala ndi kusankha yoyenera. Pali awiri wamtali mababu - chisanu ndi masika. Kodi zibzalidwe mu kasupe - ndiye kufunika wa kasupe adyo. Kubzala pamaso yozizira, ndithudi, amalandiranso mitundu yozizira. Mababu ayenera kumwedwa lalikulu, popanda kuwononga. Kugawana nawo pa mano ayenera kukhala basi pamaso kubzala. Mbali A wa adyo yozizira ndi kuti m'pofunika kuti kukula bwino stratification yaitali, ndiko. E. Ndinakumana ndi ozizira kwa miyezi ingapo. N'chifukwa chake yabzalidwa pamaso yozizira. Pakuti khalidwe vernalization adyo pa chiyambi cha chitukuko imafunanso kutentha otsika, ndipo amasintha nthawi kubzala kasupe adyo. Ake anabzala mu April oyambirira, chipale anasungunuka kamodzi vernalization nthawi (masiku 40) wadutsa pa mpweya kutentha + 5-10 ° C.

Kudzala adyo pamaso yozizira

Mwa alimi Russian woimira waukulu wa anyezi ndi, anabzala pamaso yozizira ndi yozizira adyo. Kukula izo - ndi udindo: ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito autumn, izi zikhalidwe ankafika, nthawi chopatsidwa ndi malo, tillage ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza chofunika, kuwonjezera, kusankha mitundu abwino.

Seedbed kubzala adyo ayenera kuyamba kukonzekera mwezi pamaso kubzala. Earth ayenera kukumba chitsime, kuchotsa namsongole ndi mizu. Ndiye, nthaka pamafunika limagwirizana ndi kukhetsa peat-humic fetereza mphamvu ndi disinfection. Patapita masiku 10, kupanga humus kapena manyowa bwino mlingo chosunga kulowetsedwa wa malita 10 a feteleza pa Q2. m. Land ayenera kukhala proryhlit unakhetsedwa kupanga mphako, ndiye kuwapanga iwo phulusa ndi mchenga pofuna kupewa zowola.

Terms ndi kubzala njira yozizira adyo

nyengo chodzala m'madera omwe si wakuda wa Russia - khumi wachitatu wa September. Sangakhoze anabzala pamaso adyo - cloves nthawi kumasula zitsamba ndi amaundana, ndi mizu adzakhala wofooka. Ngati anabzala kenako, adyo sadzakhala ndi nthawi mizu. Anabzala adyo, recessed mu 10 cm ake, kukolola grooves kukhetsa madzi bwino pasadakhale.

Zofunika! Kulima adyo kutchire kumafuna zina zapadera. Pamene chodzala sangathe mbamuikha ndi mphamvu cloves (izi kawirikawiri wolakwa wamaluwa) - kuyambira nthaka ting'onoting'ono basi, germinating mizu adzakankha mpaka babu, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti yozizira koopsa a. The ankafika chomaliza ndi mayikidwe a nthaka, mulching ndi peat, utuchi ndi kutchinjiriza pamwamba pa nthambi spruce spruce. Pamene youma yophukira adyo kamodzi pa sabata ayenera madzi. Large adyo yokolola tingayembekezere ndi yozizira wabwino ndi kunagwa chipale chofewa. Choncho, ngati yozizira ndi chisanu pang'ono, ndipo malo ankafika pansi adyo yaing'ono, chisanu pa mabedi ayenera kuomba. Mwa kutsatira malamulo amenewa yosavuta adyo yokolola lotsatira adzatetezedwa Mavuto.

Spring adyo: kulima ndi mbali

Kuti tizikonda njira kukula koma mano ankachitira motere: maola 10-12 ankawaviika mu njira ya kukula stimulator ndi mbewu ochepa a manganese kupewa matenda.

Choncho, kusankha zosiyanasiyana mumaikonda wa kasupe adyo, motero, kuliona, kuyamba kubzala masika. Tikumbukenso kuti kubzala oyambirira adyo ndi anafotokozanso mwa kundipatsako kwa kanthawi kochepa kulola zonse yakucha mababu, limene linapatsa khalidwe awo okwezeka ndi milingo kwambiri kusunga khalidwe. Iwo ankakhulupilira kuti kasupe adyo ndi wofunika kuposa yozizira, ndipo sasiya mankhwala ndi ulaliki pa yosungirako. Kulima adyo kutchire, makamaka masiku oyambirira masika, kumaphatikizapo kukhala intervals mofanana m'nyengo yozizira pansi ankafika, ndi zina kuonerera pafupi la dziko la kumera ndi nyongolosi.

Adyo ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa acidity wa nthaka, motero manyowa atsopano n'zosatheka. Monga pamwamba Mavalidwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito humus. Ndi kasupe kubzala adyo madzi ulimi wothirira lipindulitsa kuwonjezera urea pa mlingo wa 30 T. malita 10 a madzi. Zoterezi kuchuluka kwa njira zokwanira Q2. m. Kuwonjezera feteleza asafe, zirinso zofunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mphukira adzawonekera mu masiku 12-18. Pa mapangidwe masamba ofunika kudyetsa nkhuni phulusa. Komanso, ndi cholepheretsa ochiza tizirombo.

Osamala chodzala adyo

Agrotehnika adyo kukula ndi yosavuta. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chitukuko wabwino wa mababu ndi yake kuvala. Koma ndi ofunika kuonetsetsa ankafika madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Kupanda madzi ndi ingafooketse chitukuko cha babu, kotero Nkhani yaikulu ndi kuonetsetsa akadakwanitsira landings chinyezi. Nkofunika kuti overdo izo - madzi owonjezera zoipa. The m'chigulugulu ndi kuthirira mu buku la malita 10 pa m². Ndi kukhwima adyo glaze pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mu masabata 2-3 womaliza asanafe kukolola kufunika madzi likuchotsedwa. N'kofunika, ndi wokhazikika Kupalira ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake mizere. Kuchotsa adyo ikuchitika mu nthawi ya wathunthu mkombero zomera - pakati pa masamba chikasu ndi kuyanika.

Kulima adyo bulbochek

chiwerengero cha mano babu yochepa, choncho kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi kubalana wa babu chikhalidwe kapena bulbils mlengalenga. ntchito zawo kumawonjezera kuthekera adyo kuswana kangapo. Mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto ndi pakati pa Russia ndi ku Siberia mababu mlengalenga obzalidwa kasupe, ndipo n'kofunika kuti awasunge m'nyengo yozizira. Chabwino iwo zasungidwa mu inflorescences pa 15-20 ° C. miyezi iwiri isanafike kubzala, kumayambiriro March, amalimbikitsidwa malo ozizira. Kukula adyo kuchokera bulbochek predetermines zinthu zingapo: mababu ayenera kukhala ozindikira ndi khalidwe anakhalabe.

Obzalidwa mizere asanu maliboni, babu ndi kumizidwa mu masentimita 3 ndi kama mulching humus. Care mphukira anachita mofanana yotentha adyo, T. E. pa nthawi yake udzu, madzi ndi kudyetsa organics iliyonse. Mu kugwa kwa odnozubki okhwima kuti simuli woyera, ndi kusiya kwa dzinja, musaiwale kuphimba mbewu ndi kukonza chisanu posungira. M'chaka, iwo kumera ndi kubala mbewu July-August. Kulima adyo bulbochek amapezeka mu zaka ziwiri adzizungulira, zomwe zinachititsa chikhalidwe chabwino analandira.

A chikhalidwe osowa - Rocambole

Anthu ambiri ku Ulaya ndi ku Asiya, chikhalidwe Rocambole kapena Allium Scorodoprasum, mu Russia imakhala nkhani yosowa. Koma wamaluwa amene ali kale bwino chikhalidwe, anayamikira kukoma kwake kwambiri. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo zamoyo zomera ndi oyenera kukula mu madera onse Russian.

Rocambole - woimira banja kakombo, koma zikuwoneka ngati chachikulu adyo. Rocambole, kulima zomwe pafupifupi sasiyana ku adyo mwachizolowezi, komanso amakonda lachonde ndale, kumva feteleza organic ndi Kupalira. Ndi kuisamalira chikhalidwe mababu kufika magalamu 250-300.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

A ambiri tizirombo parasitic zomera, mavuto mpaka kalekale kuti adyo. Anthu zambiri ndi tsinde nematode ndi adyo mite. Iwo amatha kuvulaza osati pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, komanso yosungirako. Komanso tizilombo phytophagous ndi matenda kulibe adyo, ambiri amene ali woopsawo peronosporosis, khosi zowola, choipitsa. The miyeso waukulu kulimbana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi zodzitetezera: mbewu kasinthasintha, chiwonongeko yake ya zomera matenda ndi mababu modzaza, yokonza zinthu kubzala. N'zotheka ndi kusamala ntchito fungicides. Industrial kulima adyo kumafuna zambiri tima ntchito mankhwala. Komabe, wodzichepetsa dacha mabedi kupereka mbewu wathanzi, munda iliyonse mosamala kwambiri anafotokoza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ankaona kuchita njira modekha.

Kulima adyo kutchire kumaphatikizapo wosalira zambiri koma amafuna ntchito tcheru, kukhazikitsa limene linapatsa kukolola chikhalidwe chidwi.