Kodi zinthu otchedwa aldehydes ndi ketones? Ntchito aldehydes

Mankhwala ndi mu dongosolo ake carbonyl gulu ndi aldehydes kapena ketones. The aldehydes (RCOH) carbonyl gulu angongole ku hydrocarbon amakani ndi atomu wa hydrogen imodzi. Apo ayi, mukhoza kunena kuti zinthu zimenezi zili aldehyde gulu (-COH), imene pakati carbonyl chikugwirizana ndi atomu wa hydrogen. The ketones (RCOR '), awiri hydrocarbon ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira amakondanso gulu carbonyl. Dzina amachokera aldehyde zidulo, imene makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa iwo mtima, mwachitsanzo, nyerere (formaldehyde), ethyl (acetaldehyde), propionaldehyde, butyric, valeric aldehydes. Malinga nomenclature lonse lotchedwa aldehydes: ethanal, propanal. Mayina a udindo ketone mawonekedwe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, amene akuwonjezeka mathero ketone. Mwachitsanzo, dimethyl ketone (acetone), methyl ethyl ketone. Title mayiko nomenclature ketone amachokera Kuwonjezera hydrocarbon kutsekedwa -one, ndi mfundo za ubwenzi wa gulu carbonyl akusonyeza nambala Mwachitsanzo 2-propanone, 2-butanone. Ntchito aldehydes ndi ketones, chifukwa katundu wawo thupi ndi mankhwala.

Aldehydes sizachilendo m'mabuku umagwirira organic. onunkhiritsa ambiri ogwirizana ndi zinthu zimenezi. Aldehydes ndi katundu amene zosiyanasiyana komanso zimadalira kwakukulu amapanga molekyulu. M'munsi Woimilirako - formic aldehyde - gasi, wotsatira - zakumwa zolimba ndi apamwamba. Formaldehyde ndi acetaldehyde bwino kwambiri sungunuka madzi, solubility wa homologs ena amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kulemera maselo. Formic ndi acetic aldehydes ndi fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Katundu ndi ntchito aldehydes chifukwa kukhalapo mu molekyulu awo carbonyl gulu.

mamembala awiri m'munsi mwa ichi mndandanda magazi mu "ntchito aldehydes" ndi zofunika kwa mtengo makampani - ndi formaldehyde ndi acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde amapangidwa mwaunyinji, pafupifupi mamiliyoni 6. Matani / chaka. Ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga resins. Konzekerani ndi polycondensation wa urea , urea-formaldehyde utomoni chofunika kupanga CHIKWANGWANI ndi tinthu matabwa, urea-formaldehyde thovu, kupanga yonyowa mphamvu pepala kapena paperboard. ntchito ina yofunika ya aldehyde potengera zimene formaldehyde ndi phenol polycondensation. The chotsatira cha ndondomeko phenol formaldehyde utomoni (Bakelite) Maka chuma, zomwe zikufunika ku luso lopanga, mu kupanga mankhwala abrasive magetsi, kupanga lacquers ndi zomatira. Konzekerani ku kukonzekera formaldehyde mankhwala (formaldehyde njira kudziwika monga formalin, ntchito mankhwala), labala kupanga, mabomba ndi zina zambiri zinthu organic.

Acetaldehyde anali kamodzi mankhwala lalikulu, koma kupanga mabuku anali pansi, tsopano iwo udzabala zosakwana 1 miliyoni. Tani / chaka. Poyamba, ntchito acetaldehyde miyambo anali ngati zipangizo asidi acetic. Izi acetaldehyde ntchito utachepa zaposachedwapa, chifukwa asidi acetic amapangidwa efficiently ku methanol (Monsanto ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko Cativa). Ku maganizo a condensation anachita, acetaldehyde ndi zofunika zopangira chifukwa ena ofanana ndi pyridine wa pentaerythritol ndi crotonaldehyde. Acetaldehyde ayenera kuti yopanga mapulasitiki (resins zothandiza anakonza kuchokera urea ndi acetaldehyde).

Ena ija magazi ndi amenenso kufunika kumsika. malonda a aldehydes kawirikawiri iwo ntchito monga zipangizo kaphatikizidwe wa alcohols oxo ntchito yopanga detergents. Ena aldehydes apamwamba amapangidwa zedi yaing'ono (matani zosakwana 1000 / chaka) ndipo ntchito ngati zosakaniza kukoma onunkhira. Zikuphatikizapo sinamoni ndi ena ofanana ndi citral lilial.