Kodi pa mapu ndi Lena Mtsinje? Lena Mtsinje pa mapu a Russia. Limene mtsinje umayenda mu Lena?

Lena Mtsinje (pa mapu Russia, mbali chirengedwe akuyima motsutsa maziko a ena) ndi dziko lalikulu kum'mawa Siberia. Komanso, ndi chakhumi mu mndandanda wa mitsinje yaitali mu dziko. Kodi pa mapu ndi Lena Mtsinje? Pakuti madera ena amapezeka? Kodi midzi zili pamodzi izo? Ndani mwa iwo ndi yaikulu? Pa izi ndi zinthu zina zambiri nkhani zotsatirazi nkhaniyi.

mwachidule

Malo pa mapu uli Lena Mtsinje, muli zigawo zingapo Russian. Makamaka, izo zikuchitika mu Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk ndi m'mbali Transbaikal, komanso Buryatia ndi Yakutia. Lena Mtsinje, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuwona pamwamba, ndi yaikulu kwambiri ku Russia. dziwe ake kwagona State kuti. Achokera dzina la mtsinje? Akukhulupirira kuti mizu yake kugona mu chinenero Evenki wa gulu Manchu-Tungus. Anakhala mpainiya wofufuza demid pyanda. Lena Mtsinje estuary anatcha "Elyuene". Kenako, dzinali linali losandulizika, natenga maonekedwe ake masiku ano.

madera

Lena Mtsinje pa mapu a Russia zikuwoneka chachikulu poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina. M'litali ndi za 4400 Km. Beseni ali ndi malo a 2490 sq M.. m. Malinga akulowera ndi atatu gawo. Gwero woyamba zikuphatikizapo mtsinje Lena (khadi lake ndi bwino looneka) isanafike Vitim. Ndi kutha mpaka kugwirizana kwa Aldan - gawo lachiwiri. The mmunsi mwa lachitatu - kuchokera Aldan kumalo kumene mtsinje imaphwera mu Lena (ichi ndi Laptev Sea).

Inde chapamwamba

Ndi malo pa mapu uli Lena mtsinje, limaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana mbali malo osiyanasiyana amene yeniyeni m'derali. Makamaka, otaya akuyamba kuchokera ku nyanja, ili pafupi ndi nyanja ya Baikal (makilomita asanu). Malowa ali pamtunda pamalo okwera 1470 m. Mu 1997, 19 August, pamene Lena Mtsinje zimachokera, ndi yopemphereramo inamangidwa. The lonse chapamwamba gawo i.e. makamaka gawo lachitatu la otaya limayenda pa phiri kutalika Predbajkale. M'dera Kirenska mowa madzi ndi zaka 1,100 kiyubiki mamita. m / gawo.

pafupifupi kwa

Izi mbali ya mtsinje zikuphatikizapo gawo pakati Vitim ndi Aldan. M'litali - za 1415 makilomita. Pafupi confluence malo Vitim Lena amasuntha m'dziko la Yakutia. Yankholo m'munda kutha kwambiri. Ndi kukhazikitsa Vitim mtsinje Lena (pa mapu Russia malowa ali kuoneka bwino) chimakhala champhamvu apamwamba madzi kutuluka. Kuzama mu gawo limeneli kuonjezera mpaka mamita 10-12, njira imakulitsa, pali zilumba zambiri. The mtsinje chigwa imakulitsa kuti makilomita 20-30. Ndi asymmetrical: otsetsereka lamanja pang'ono apamwamba steeper. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi malire a kumpoto kwa Patom okwera. Kumanzere - modekha. Malo otsetsereka onse amalima wandiweyani paini nkhalango, m'madera ena, revocable dambo. Chigawo ku Olekma mpaka Aldana mtsinje Lena alibe makhwawa kwambiri. Oposa mazana asanu makilomita, kudula Prilenskoye yachonde, mtsinje umadutsa ndi lopapatiza kwambiri chigwa, amene anapatsa anajambulapo lapansi. Basi mmusi, ndi Pokrovsk mtsinje akulowa zigwa m'deralo. Chifukwa, chigwa imakulitsa zikuchepa, ndi mathamangidwe otaya mochedwa pansi kwambiri. Zilibe upambana mamita 1.3 pa mphindi (mu unyinji -. 0.5-0.7 m / gawo). M'lifupi floodplain Komabe, ukufika 5-7, ndi m'madera ena - makilomita 15, ndi chigwa chonsechi lonse - 20 Km lonse.

pambuyo pake

Basi pansipa Yakutsk mu otaya mtsinje ndi makhwawa ziwiri zikuluzikulu - Viluy ndi Aldan. Pa nthawi imeneyi otaya amakhala chimphona. Ngakhale m'dera limene pali njira imodzi yokha, m'lifupi makilomita mpaka khumi ndi kuya - kuposa mamita 16-20. Pachilumba mbali ya Lena amakhala kwa 20-30 Km. Pali midzi ochepa - pafupifupi anasiya pagombe. M'munsi Inde amakhala ndi yopapatiza dziwe. The kum'mawa kwa nthambi patsogolo kwa Verkhoyansk manambala - ndi okulira wa Lena ndi Yana. Kumadzulo ndi okwera pang'ono ku Central Siberia Plateau. Iwo amagawira Olenek ndi Lena. Basi pansipa ndi. Bulun wothinikizidwa mtsinje oyenera iye ranges kwambiri: kum'mawa - Haraulah, kumadzulo - Czekanowski. Pafupifupi makilomita 150 kuchokera Laptev chimafikira yaikulu Lena mtsinje ankadziwana.

hydrology

Data pa vodoraskhodu pa m'kamwa mwa Lena zimatsutsana monga magwero osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale iwo angapezeke zolakwika. njakata ndi nakweza ndi chakuti mtsinje ali ankadziwana lalikulu ndi ducts ambiri. Pa gawo n'kugwera dziwe gawo, yomwe m'dera -. 60 zikwi sq M. Km. Ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana otaya madzi chaka mu osiyanasiyana 489 kwa 542 sq. Km. Izi limafanana otaya pachaka kumapeto kwa otaya wofanana 15 500-17 175 M3 / chachiwiri.

Pamene mphamvu yaikulu ya gawo ili Ndipotu, ambiri a makhwawa, ndipo anasungunuka kuchita mvula madzi. Chiphaso cha chuma pansi akulephera wa Madzi oundana ambiri mwa catchment lapansi. Yekha ndi geothermal.

kusintha nyengo mu msinkhu ndi madzi otaya

Kwa mtsinje amakhala ndi ena madzi osefukira ndithu mkulu m'chilimwe, kusefukira kwa madzi kasupe ndi nthawi otsika madzi mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira (mpaka 366 M3 / s). zizindikiro zonse pa mowa madzi zimadalira mode wamba mpweya. Pa nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi kasupe pa June mpaka 40% kuda, kuchokera June kuti October - 91%. Pakamwa pa mowa yaikulu madzi pafupifupi pamwezi anali mayina chaka cha 1989. Ndiyeno mu June, zinali 104 000 M3 / chachiwiri. Pa chigumula m'dera la mtsinje mapeto a otaya pazipita mwina upambana 200 000 M3 / s.

ayezi boma

Mtsinjewo makamaka m'madera ndi mavuto nyengo. The otaya isiyana zina ndi wamphamvu kuchulukana ayezi ndi ayezi ufumu wawo onse. Zima ozizira kwambiri, ndi chisanu pang'ono ndi yaitali. Ice aumbike wakuda ndi amphamvu pansi pa zikhalidwe izi. Spring ayezi kulowerera amakhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. Liziwawa mazira zotchinga ndi madzi osefukira madera akuluakulu - mokwanira pafupipafupi chodabwitsa chifukwa Lena. Spring chigumula oyambirira (kumapeto kwa April) chikondwerero m'chigawo Kirensk - mu malire chapamwamba. Pang'onopang'ono kusamukira ku kumpoto, otaya adza kwa kusankha zimene sizingavutitse zambiri mu ayezi kwa mtsinje. Pamaso pambuyo pake litulukira ukufika za pakati pa June. Nthawi imeneyi, madzi limatuluka pamwamba pa otsika mamita 6-8, ndi kuchira pambuyo pake akhoza kufika 18 m.

Inflows

M'dera limene mapu ndi Lena Mtsinje, muli ndi kuchuluka kwa utuluke madzi. Amagwa mu njira. Pakati pa makhwawa ayenera allocated Tiyi, Big Pat, Kuta, Vitim Viluy, Olekma, Aldan, achinyamata, kumva, Kirenga, Lunghu, chimbalangondo. Ena mwa iwo ndi aakulu. China Mwachitsanzo, Batamay. The mowa ambiri pakamwa pake - 5060 M3 / s, ndi malo dziwe - 729 000 sq. Km. Zinayi zofunika tributary - Vitim, Aldan, ndi Olekma Viluy - bwino kuonekeratu kuti kukula kwake, mwa ena.

kutumiza

Lena Mtsinje pa mapu a Russia wazunguliridwa m'madera ena zinthu lalikulu. Pakati pawo, ndi m'midzi wapadera phindu muzikondana. Izo ziyenera kuti mtsinje mpaka lero ndi kutumiza lalikulu mtsempha wamagazi Yakutsk. Izi mzere zoyendera kulumikiza m'dera la nkhani ndi madera ena tanthauzo feduro. Akazitumiza Lena anagwira zambiri za "kwambiri a kumpoto." Akukhulupirira kuti doko Kachug - kuyamba kutumiza. Komabe, kuchokera padoko Osetrovo kumtunda ndi zotengera yaing'ono. Basi pansipa m'tauni ya Ayenela-Kut ndi confluence wa Vitim pamafunika ndalama zambiri ndithu mbali zovuta kutumiza malo ndi malo ochepa. Kuonjezera zoyendera maukonde mu malo a ntchito chaka zimathandiza kuti dredging. Navigation ikuchitika ku masiku 125 170.

midzi

Kuyenera ananena kuti m'dera imene mtsinje ukuyenda, anthu ndi ofooka. Pali mizinda isanu. Yaikulu zoona, Yakutsk, ngakhale anthu ake - pang'ono anthu oposa 300 zikwi. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1632, chaka.

Mzinda wamkulu pa Lena ankaona Kirensk. Idamangidwa mu 1630. Distance pakati m'madera ambiri (kupatula m'dera pafupi Yakutsk kumene ndi mkulu anthu kachulukidwe) chingaopseze makilomita mazana angapo. Pankhaniyi, pansi kufalitsa nayonso. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza midzi anasiyidwa ndi m'midzi. Nthawi pali zosakhalitsa msasa midzi. Mwa malo wotchuka chidwi Zhigansk. Idamangidwa mu 1632, chaka, ndi 1783 mpaka TH 1805 anali ndi udindo wa mudzi wa chigawocho.

malo ena mbiri - Sottintsy. Apa ndi Lenin a owonetsera zakale-malo a mbiri ndi zomangamanga "Ubwenzi". Sottintsy - malo a maziko enieni a Yakutsk.

kufunika zachuma

The Lena Mtsinje chimodzi cha aukhondo mu dziko. Mumtsinjewo ndi sanasinthe mwa munthu. Pakali pano, m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo, palibe madamu, zomera hydropower ndi zipangizo zina. M'madera sikudzakhala ndi munthu, mutha kumwa madzi molunjika ku mtsinje. Chifukwa chakuti pamodzi Inde si kwambiri ndi midzi, ntchito zachuma si yodziwika ndi mwamphamvu yapamwamba. Akuti mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri doko monga Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk Nsombazi.

zachilengedwe

Mogwirizana ndi zotsatira za asayansi kafukufuku ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (University of Alaska, ndi Center National kwa French Studies, Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences), kungasokoneze otaya boma la likutentha zingakhudze. Kutentha mu dera limene mtsinje mulibe mu chisanu digiri makumi asanu ndi awiri. Choncho Madzi oundana wosanjikiza lagona theka kilometre. Monga sayansi, kutentha yozungulira pa zaka forte zapitazi wawuka mwa avareji madigiri anayi. Ndipo popanda ichi madzi osefukira anakwapulidwanso kwambiri kupeza mphamvu chaka ndi chaka. Ichi ndi zowononga chikhalidwe gombe. Komanso, pali zilumba zoyenda pambuyo pake. Ndi 2009, chaka mlingo pa zimene mbadwa anafika mamita twente-seveni pa chaka.