Mbalame yakuda: kusiyana, zikhalidwe ndi malo

Njoka yakuda kwa nthawi yaitali inkaonedwa ngati mitundu ya njoka yamba. Komabe, pophunzira mosamala kwambiri za njokayo, idagawanika kukhala mitundu yosiyana ndi yotchedwa dzina lakuti Nikolsky (Vipera nikolskii).

Mphungu yakuda ili ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri kuposa lachibadwa. Thupi limakafika mamita 765 mm, mchira - 80 mm. Amuna ali ang'onoang'ono kuposa akazi. Mutu uli wamtali, wawukulu, wowonongeka momveka bwino kuchokera m'khosi ndi pang'ono. Iris wa maso ndi wakuda . Njoka zazikulu nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda, monga momwe zimawonera pa chithunzi. Njoka pamwamba pa lobe nthawi zina imakhala ndi malo oyera. Pansi pa mchira wa njoka ndi wachikasu-lalanje kapena wachikasu. Achinyamata ali ndi tsitsi lofiirira ndi zigzag kumbuyo kwa mtundu wofiira. Pa zaka zitatu za moyo, chithunzichi chimawoneka, mtundu umakhala wakuda.

Wowonjezera wakuda amakhala m'mapiri a steppe ndi steppe m'madera a Ulaya ku Russia ndi ku Ukraine (kumabanki a kumanzere). Njoka imadziwika ku Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Saratov. Zimapezeka m'chigwa cha Don River ndi beseni yake. Kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kumakhala malo okhala kumtunda wa midzi ya Middle and Southern Urals.

Mdima wakuda nthawi zambiri amamatira nkhalango zambiri ndi nkhalango zamtengo wapatali. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, imapezeka pa glades, glades ndi mipanda. Amakonda mapiri a mitsinje Raven, Medveditsa, Khoper, Don, Seversky Donets ndi Samara. Chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira, mwachiwonekere, ndi zofanana. M'madera ozizira pa 1 km² pali mitundu yoposa 500. Nyoka yakuda imayamba kusonyeza ntchito pafupi pakati pa kasupe. Kuyankhulana kumachitika mu Meyi, ndipo mu August wamkazi amakhala ndi achinyamata (8-24 amakhala moyo). Mtundu wa njoka zazing'ono umayamba kuundana pambuyo pa molt yoyamba.

Viper Nikolsky amagwira ntchito masana. Chakudya chachikulu cha njoka ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono (mpaka pang'ono) mbalame, achule ndi abuluzi. Nthawi zambiri (mwazidzidzidzi, ndi njala yaikulu), njoka yakuda ikhoza kudya nsomba kapena nyama. Biology ya mitundu iyi siinaphunzire mokwanira.

Njoka yakuda poyerekezera ndi njoka ngati njoka zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, komabe zimayandama bwino. Mmavuto owopsa, amatenga maimidwe ooneka ngati s, amamveka komanso amachititsa kuti awonongeke. Njoka ya Nikolsky ndi yoopsa. Kwa munthu, kuluma kwake kumapweteka kwambiri, koma ozunzidwawo amachira pambuyo pa masiku angapo. Poizoni ndi chisakanizo cha mapuloteni, michere ndi zigawo zina. Zimayambitsa minofu, zimayambitsa matenda amanjenje ndipo imathandizira kugawana magazi. Anthu ena amamasula madzi kuchokera ku cloaca ndi fungo lonunkhira.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, njokayi inkatengedwa kuti ndi mdima wamba, chifukwa chakuti m'madera onse muli chiwerengero cha a melanist. Komabe, ataphunzira mwakhama za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha njoka iyi, adapatsidwa mtundu. Izi zinawonjezera chidwi cha akatswiri omwe amaphunzira. Koma maganizo amasiyana kwambiri. Asayansi ena akupitiriza kuona njoka iyi ngati ma subspecies a mawonekedwe oyambirira.