Kodi ndi mmene neurohormones amapangidwa? Kodi neurohormones nanga ntchito zawo?

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za zopangitsa za endocrine akuphunzira sayansi, monga endocrinology. Chilangizo ikufotokoza zosiyanasiyana mitundu mahomoni, mogwirizana awo, njira ya mapangidwe awo komaso pa thupi.

Kodi timadzi?

nkhani imeneyi, kulowa m'magazi ndi kudutsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mu izo. Chifukwa ntchito zinthu izi yafupika kapena kulalikira mwakhama maselo ena, amatchedwa mipherezero. Mahomoni mwa chikoka chawo pa pafupifupi onse ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi. The ndende ya mankhwala opangidwa zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, nthawi zofunika kwa tsiku, zaka, maganizo ndi thanzi. The mahomoni kudutsa magazi ngati kuli kofunika, ndi kuchotsedwa thupi mu mawonekedwe unaltered mu mabuku ang'ono kudzera ya ndulu kapena mkodzo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, amene ndi wamkulu kapena wamng'ono mmene zimakhudza moyo wa munthu. Ena a iwo neurohormones. mankhwala awa amatuluka mu dera la ubongo. ndi zinthu zimenezi? Monga njira neurohormones? Kodi zimakhudza iwo adzakhala dongosolo mu thupi? Pa lino.

mwachidule

Pamaso ife tikupeza kumene ndi mmene kupanga neurohormones, ayenera kumvetsa chimene zinthu izi konse. The tanthauzo iyoyomwe mizu Greek. Iwo kwenikweni anamasuliridwa ngati ubongo (mitsempha) + hormaino (kupangira, poyendetsera). neurohormones ndi chiyani? Izi biologically yogwira peputayidi pawiri. Iwo anabwera mu pituitary England ndi nthawi ntchito zake. Neurohormone anamasulidwa ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa. ntchito chifukwa mankhwala nkhani amalankhulira endocrine ndi machitidwe mantha ndi mzake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti maselo neurosecretory ndi tilinazo kwambiri timene ntchito - mankhwala omwe timafalitsa zimachitika kwa membala ntchito ya mitsempha kutha. Choncho, chotenga mbali imafika ku lamulo la ntchito za zopangitsa endocrine pa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa chamoyo.

Gawo

Mu gulu ili, magulu awiri a mankhwala. Choyamba ndi liberiny. zinthu zimenezi ndi wapaulendoyo pa ulimi wa pituitary zinsinsi lotentha. Mu gulu ili, makamaka, ndipo zikuphatikiza corticotropin thyroliberin, folliberin, lyuliberin, somatoliberin, melanoliberin, prolaktoliberin. The chachiwiri gulu netsyrogormonov - statins. mankhwala amenewa soednieniya m'mbuyo zinsinsi lotentha pituitary. Mu gulu ili, makamaka monga somatostatin, ndi melanostatin prolaktostatin. Malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro, ntchito ya neurohormones ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa si yekha kukondoweza kapena chopinga wa yopanga biologically yogwira mankhwala lotentha. Zinthu ndi kutha kulimbikitsa njira biosynthesis.

Ziti ikuchitika kukhala?

Kunanenedwa pamwamba kupanga mankhwala awa anthu ikuchitika dera la ubongo. Mapangidwe zinthu zimenezi zikachitika onse inakhala ndi invertebrates. Kodi ndi mmene anapanga neurohormones ku zamoyo zina? Mu inakhala, nawo katulutsidwe wa pineal England pinealocytes zinthu chromaffin minofu mu adrenal medulla, ganglia ndi mitsempha makungwa paraganglia autonomic ndi zotumphukira mantha dongosolo. The secretory granules neurohormones zambiri kumumanga zonsezo chonyamulira.

zina

Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe chakale maselo mitsempha, imene chakudya mankhwala transmitters mitsempha zikhumbo - owayimira, maselo neurosecretory n'kupatsa cytoplasm (mu nthawi zina, pa phata la) pawiri yeniyeni. mankhwala awa kusiyana kwenikweni ndi molekezera mitsempha (malo) m'magazi, hemolymph, cerebrospinal madzimadzi ndi minofu. Neurohormones ndi chilangizo mphamvu pa ntchito za ziwalo choipidwa (endocrine zopangitsa, makamaka) ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha.

Kodi ntchito ya maselo neurosecretory chiyani? Ntchito za zinthu izi umalamulidwa ndi manyuroni zachikhalidwe. axons awo anapanga synapses angapo pa thupi ndi zokhudzana maselo neurosecretory kuti angathe kupanga angathe kuchitapo kanthu ndi kufala kwa zimachitika pamodzi axons lapansi.

Tsambali ndi ndende

Kudziwa ndendende kumene ndi mmene kupanga neurohormones, muyenera kuganizira yogawa awo mu dongosolo mantha. Mu invertebrates m'munsi kugwirizana zamoyo amafalitsidwa diffusely. Phylogenetically anasonyeza ndende neurosecretory matupi khungu mu malo ziwalo. Choncho, pali kudzikundikira nkhanu mu X-thupi, ndi tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, mu prototserebrume. Pa nthawi yomweyo neyrogemalnye matupi ndi njira neurosecretory. Mu inakhala, cholinga atsopano mu dera la diencephalon ndi (ndi nsomba mu dera caudal ya msana - urofize). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga zikuluzikulu ziwiri neurosecretory dongosolo: caudal (nsomba yekha) ndi hypothalamic-pituitary.

masiteji kukhala

Kodi ndi mmene neurohormones amapangidwa? Kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala okhudzana ndi mapuloteni chonyamulira, ikuchitika pa ribosome lapansi. Kudzikundikira akupezeka tubules wa reticulum endoplasmic. pellets pulayimale potsiriza anapanga mu Golgi zovuta. zigawo izi, amene m'mimba mwake ndi 50 mpaka 500 nm ndi lipoprotein envelopu. Iwo ndi wosiyana pakati zinthu zosiyanasiyana za wandiweyani. Nayenso, imakhala ndi mapuloteni chonyamulira ndi neurohormone. Kupita granules imachitidwa kwa axons lapansi. Ena axons anakumana ndi capillaries mu neurohypophysis lapansi. Ena - ndi maselo glandular mu adenohypophysis (makamaka gawo ake wapakatikati). Nsomba, ndi axons a dongosolo caudal neurosecretory amalenga ojambula aksoventrikulyarnye. Direct kusankha zili granules wa ikuchitika kukhudzana Nawonso achichepere ndi exocytosis kapena ofanana nawo neyrogemalnyh matupi, precapillary danga intercellular ndi kusiyana pa mlingo maselo.

zotheka kudwala

Neurohormones ali zimafunika hemostasis (madzi ndi mchere, etc.), mbali zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe, malamulo a minofu yosalala kamvekedwe. Komanso, chifukwa ntchito yawo anaonetsetsa ntchito khola la zinthu la zopangitsa za endocrine. Ena ankaona ntchito mankhwala peputayidi kumathandiza kuti zochita kumatenda ndi dziphunzitsiranso wa chamoyo. Kuyamba hemolymph mu madzimadzi cerebrospinal kapena minofu, ali yaitali lakutali chilangizo kwenikweni. Pankhani ya kuswa za ntchito ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi kubala, motero, neurohormones hypothalamic, pali chisokonezo kupanga timadzi mu pituitary England ndi zopangitsa ena endocrine. munthu anayamba zosiyanasiyana matenda a dongosolo endocrine. Makamaka zikuphatikizapo hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, matenda Cushing a, acromegaly, hypothyroidism ndi matenda ena.