Kodi mbiri ya intaneti yatha?

Kubwerera mu zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za m'ma 200, bungwe la Advanced Research Projects (ARPA) pansi pa Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo cha United States inakhazikitsa makompyuta oyambirira, omwe anali chiwonetsero cha intaneti yomwe ikudziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Makina omwe anapanga, otchedwa ARPAnet, anali kuyesera, ndipo adalengedwera kuthandizira kufufuza m'masewero a usilikali. Mfundo yaikulu ya ARPAnet inali kuthekera kwa kompyuta iliyonse nthawi iliyonse kugwirizanitsa ndi kompyuta ina iliyonse yokhudzana ndi Network. Choncho nkhani ya intaneti inayamba.

Pofika mwezi wa December 1969, zigawo zinayi zinali zogwirizana kale ndi intaneti, pogwiritsira ntchito NCP (Network Control Protocol) protocol kutumiza mapaketi. Patapita zaka khumi, ntchito inayamba kupanga pulogalamu ya tsopano ya TCP / IP, pamene malonda a ARPAnet adayesedwa mu 1975 ngati ntchito.
Kotero, mbiriyakale ya kulengedwa kwa intaneti inayamba ndi makina a ARPAnet, cholinga cha chitukuko chomwe poyamba chinali mwayi kwa onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito zokhudzana ndi nkhondo osati kungokhala ndi mauthenga pa makompyuta, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito pamodzi magulu a makompyuta onse omwe analipo panthawiyo, omwe ali m'mizinda yosiyana siyana.

Maphunzirowa akukweza chidwi ndi magulu ambiri ochita kafukufuku ndi ofufuza omwe DARPA adachita misonkhano yambiri yolumikiza. Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa intaneti ikuwonetsanso kuti kuyanjanitsa ndi kuyendetsa chitukuko cha mapulogalamu a intaneti, Kukonzekera kwapadera ndi Gulu la Internet Management linakhazikitsidwa, komwe kunakhalapo mpaka kukonzanso kwake ku Internet Activity Group mu 1983. Kufunika koyambitsa gululi kunachokera ku mfundo yoti ambiri ofufuza achita kale polojekiti ya TCP / IP.

Malamulo a TCP / IP mu 1983 adayambitsidwa kale monga mikhondo ku United States. Pambuyo pa sitepe yofunikirayi yomwe inakhudza ntchito yomwe mbiri ya intaneti idayamba kukula padziko lapansi, makompyuta onse mu ARPAnet, otchedwa makamu, adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi malamulo awa okha. Panali nthawi yomwe Intaneti inagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ponena za makina onse a MILNET, omwe anali mbali yochepa ya DDN (Defense Data Network), komanso yatsopano, yochepa kwambiri mu ARPAnet. Choncho, mbiri ya intaneti ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi makina a ARPAnet, omwe awonetseratu zamakono zamakono.

Mu 1985, mbiri ya intaneti padziko lonse inalimbikitsidwa: mothandizidwa ndi ARPAnret, pulogalamu yatsopano inalengedwa, yotchedwa National Science Foundation NETwork (NSFNET), kapena Network ya National Science Foundation, pomwe malo asanu ndi awiri ofufuzira analipo, Amereka ndipo ali ndi zida zamphamvu. Pulogalamu yatsopano, yotchedwa Internet TCP / IP kapena intaneti, inalengedwa kuthandiza othandizira ochokera ku mayunivesite osiyanasiyana ku America kuti athe kupeza zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti kotero kuti injini ndi sayansi aliyense m'dzikoli athe kugwirizanitsa ndi intaneti imodzi, ndipo kale mu 1985 Chiwerengero cha mabungwe ogwirizana ndi Network akuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Mabungwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo maphunziro ndi malonda, apeza mwayi waukulu wosinthanitsa deta, yomwe ili ndi teknoloji yatsopano. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha makompyuta okhudzana ndi intaneti chinayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ma intaneti ndi kulamulira makompyuta, mwamsanga posachedwa telefoni yayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gulu la magulu.

Kusinthika kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe a intaneti kunachitika mu Meyi 1993, pamene mmalo mwa nsanamira ya nsana, zomwe zimatchedwa "malo opatsirana" kapena NAPs zinayamba kugwira ntchito, momwe makanema ang'onoang'ono a nsana zam'mbuyo amagulitsa. Motero, intaneti ya NSFNET, yomwe inali yaikulu, inatsekedwa, yopereka njira yomangamanga ya NAP, yomwe, makamaka, inasanduka intaneti.

Komabe, maluwa enieni a intaneti akugwirizana ndi kubwera kwa webusaiti - Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse kapena WWW, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono limene limagwiritsa ntchito malemba a hypertext, omwe amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi mwayi wopezeka pa Webusaiti. Mapulogalamu a pawebusaiti WWW ndi ntchito yaikulu pa intaneti, mosiyana ndi utumiki wakale wofikira anthu otchuka a Telnet.

Pakalipano, mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa intaneti ili patatha. Kukwanira kwa intaneti padziko lonse ndipitirirabe ndipo sikungapeweke. Chiwerengero cha ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zosowa zawo chikukula, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa Network, mavuto atsopano, kufunafuna njira zawo komanso kupititsa patsogolo makanema. Tsopano, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi mbiri ya intaneti, Network imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi akatswiri okha, komanso ndi ophunzira ambiri, ana a sukulu ndi anthu ena padziko lonse amene akufuna kuyendayenda ndi nthawi.