Kodi lithosphere?

Pachimake, chobvala ndi kutumphuka - ndi mkati Kapangidwe ka Earth. Kodi lithosphere? Otchedwa kunja zochita kupanga olimba chipolopolo la dziko lathuli. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutumphuka onse ndi chapamwamba chovala.

Mu maonekedwe ake losavuta ndi lithosphere ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zitatu. Mu dziko sayansi palibe tanthauzo umodzi ndi maganizo chipolopolo izi m'mapulaneti. Ndipo kapangidwe kake kutsutsana yaitali kwambiri kupitiriza. Koma akuti adakali kupanga lingaliro zofunika zimene lithosphere.

Kapangidwe, zikuchokera ndi malire

Ngakhale kuti lithosphere zikuphatikizapo mwamtheradi onse a padziko lapansi ndi wosanjikiza chapamwamba pakhoma, mu thupi lofanana ndi yekha mu gawo limodzi la misa okwana lathuli. Ngakhale mthunzi ali buku laling'ono, kuphunzira zambiri wachititsa mafunso ambiri, osati zimene lithosphere, komanso nkhani imene aumbike, mmene mbali zosiyana.

Mbali yaikulu ya mthunzi m'gulu la thanthwe lolimba, lomwe pa kumalire ndi chovala chokhala kugwirizana pulasitiki. Mu dongosolo la matanthwe a olekanitsidwa nsanja khola ndi dera lopinda.

The kutumphuka ali ndi makulidwe osiyana, ndipo mukhoza osiyanasiyana monga makilomita 25 200. Pansi pa nyanja ndi n'kakang'ono - 5 mpaka makilomita 100. Lithosphere a Dziko Lapansi okha ndi nembanemba ena: hydrosphere (amadzimadzi) ndi mpweya (mpweya).

kutumphuka padziko lapansi wapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu:

• nyanja;
• Miyalayo;
• basalt.

Choncho, ngati ife tiyang'ana pa chiyani pa nkhani ya lithosphere, izo akufanana ndi wosanjikiza mkate. maziko ake ali basalt, ndi pamwamba pa izo ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa chitayiko. Pakati pa iwo, monga kudzazidwa ziri lubwe.

M'maiko nyanja wosanjikiza anapanga chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa ndi kusinthidwa ya lubwe ndi basalt miyala. OBC ngati lamination popangidwa ndi kudzikundikira anagonjera mitsinje ndi m'maiko miyala nyanja.

Miyalayo wosanjikiza tichipeza miyala metamorphic ndi igneous. M'maiko, iye ali ndi udindo wapakatikati pakati pa zigawo zina, ndi pansi pa nyanja palibe kwathunthu. Akukhulupirira kuti "mtima" wa dzikoli ndi basalt lopangidwa ndi miyala igneous.

The kutumphuka si monolith, tichipeza midadada osiyana otchedwa mbale lithospheric amene zoyenda zonse. Amaoneka kuti tiwolokere pa asthenosphere pulasitiki.

mavuto Environmental wa lithosphere ndi

Asanabwere ake, anthu ntchito zachuma nthawi zonse ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu za lithosphere lapansi. Pansi pa dzikoli lili lonse chuma mchere, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi anthu, ndi m'zigawo awo ku matumbo nthawi zonse kuwonjezeka.

wapatali ndi nthaka - kuteteza wosanjikiza lachonde lithosphere tsopano ndi imodzi mwa mavuto mwamsanga zofuna njira yomweyo.

Zina zikuchitika mmalire a chipolopolo Mwachitsanzo, kukokoloka, zigumukire, matope, angathe kuyamba chifukwa cha ntchito anthropogenic ndi loopsa. Iwo samangokhala bwanji mapangidwe zinthu zachilengedwe m'madera ena, komanso zingachititse kuti masoka zachilengedwe padziko lonse.