Kodi chidziwitso cha biometric ndi chiyani ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pati?

Poyamba, izi zimawoneka m'mafilimu azondi: mzimayi amagwiritsira ntchito chala chachinsinsi chapadera - ndipo khomo limatsegulidwa. Masiku ano, matekinoloje oterewa achitikadi, chifukwa anali ndi mwayi wosonkhanitsa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta yaumwini ya biometric. Ndi chiyani?

Biometrics

Kuwonera mafilimu osangalatsa omwe amamuna amalankhulana ndi "nyumba yabwino" kapena amalamulira nzeru zowonongeka za ndege, owonera kawirikawiri amaganiza mosiyana za nkhaniyi, mwachitsanzo, ngati pulogalamuyi ikukumana ndi onse mzere. N'zosatheka, ndithudi, zimangokhalira kumveketsa mawu ake. Ndipo izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi biometrics, yomwe ilipodi. Kotero, kodi nthano iyi yongopeka yeniyeni?

Biometrics ndi dongosolo lozindikira anthu. Zimachokera ku zikhalidwe zawo zosiyana, kotero n'zosatheka kulowa, motero, "pansi pa kulowa kwa wina", chifukwa n'zosatheka kupanga chiphaso, ndipo tsopano zikuwonekera chifukwa chake.

Ndi chiyani?

Dongosolo la mtundu uwu limaphatikizapo chidziwitso chirichonse chimene chingakhoze kuwerengedwa, kaya khalidwe kapena maganizo, kapena thupi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mtundu uliwonse wa munthu umene ukhoza kufotokozedwa mwabwino kwambiri ungathe kulingalira deta yamakono.

Zili ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri.

• Iwo ndi apadera. DNA ya munthu aliyense ndiyekha, komanso cholembera chala kapena iris chitsanzo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe wina amene angagwiritse ntchito "password" popanda chilolezo cha mwini wake ndi chidziwitso.
• Iwo ali konsekonse. Dongosolo laumwini lachimakeli ndizosiyana siyana zomwe zilipo mwa anthu onse.
• Iwo samasintha. Monga n'kosatheka kuti "musinthe" zolemba zazing'ono, simungasinthe mzere wa mawu kapena DNA.

Zonsezi mu zovuta zimapangitsa mtundu uwu wazothandiza kwambiri, ngati mukuganiza za kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga deta zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, achigawenga sangathe kuthawa chilungamo. Komabe, zisanakhale zolengedwa za padziko lonse zisanakhalepo, kutali kwambiri.

Mitundu ya deta

Mpaka pano, mitundu yambiri ya deta ya biometric yagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino: zolemba, zojambula, retina kapena iris, komanso nkhope ndi DNA kuzindikira. Komabe, izi sizimachepetsa mndandanda wa magawo omwe angathe. M'kupita kwanthaŵi, mateknoloji amatha kugwira ntchito ndi fungo kapena, mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe, khalidwe la khalidwe, kulemba zikalata, ndi zina zotero.

Mwa njira, pakuphunzira makhalidwe ena a umunthu wa munthu, zinawonekeratu kuti, mwachitsanzo, retina muyesoyi si yoyenera, chifukwa chitsanzo cha ziwiyachi chimasiyana, komanso chimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza thanzi labwino, lomwe siliyenera kukhala. Izi mwachindunji zimapereka chisonkhezero ku chitukuko cha mankhwala.

Mbiri

Njira yowonjezereka, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kale, ndizolemba zala. Deta yamakono yayamba kale kudziwika bwino, ndipo ndondomeko ya kudzipatulira kwawo yayendetsedwa kale kwa anthu omwe akukayikira milandu, komanso kwa anthu wamba, mwachitsanzo, pakalandira mapepala ena.

Lingaliro lakuti mapulopala a papillary, ndiwo, mizere yomwe ili pamapazi ake, ali apadera kwa munthu aliyense, anaikidwa patsogolo mu 1900 ndi William Herschel. Ngakhale kuti maganizo ake okhudza zozizwitsa zazitsamba sanalandire zifukwa zokwanira, malembawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powaphwanya malamulo. Mwinamwake, ndiye iye yemwe anayambitsa lingaliro la kudziwika, maziko ake omwe adzakhala biometric data.

Kusonkhanitsa

Tsopano chofala kwambiri ndi njira yokhala ndi zojambulajambula mu mawonekedwe apakompyuta kapena achikhalidwe. Pachiyambi choyamba, masensa apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupanga chithunzi chapamwamba cha digito, chomwe chimasinthidwa kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri - utoto wapadera. Kuti muzindikire nkhope, zithunzi zapadera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ku Russia akuchita izi kuti aike deta yamakono pa pasipoti yatsopano kuti apite kunja.

Kusungirako ndi kukonza

Ngati kusonkhanitsa deta ya biometric si vuto, kulenga ndi kupitiriza ndikukonzekera kwa malo osungirako osakayikira mwina ndikofunikira. Kuonjezera apo, pali chiyeso chokhazikitsa malamulo okhudza kupeza mwayi wa mtundu umenewu komanso mwayi wogwira nawo ntchito, kuphatikizapo kutumiza kwa anthu ena.

Mwachiwonekere, chidziwitso chaumwini chimasowa chitetezo chachikulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mazenera, ngati ali ndi mfundo zonse, ayenera kukhala otetezeka momwe zingathere, ndipo chinthu chaumunthu chiyenera kuchepetsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kusintha kwa deta yamakono ya chilengedwe kumayenera kuchitika pazochitika zonse mwa njira yoyenera.

Komabe, ku Russia vuto ili silinathetsedwe, mosasamala kanthu za kukhazikitsidwa kwalamulo m'chaka cha 2006 cha lamulo la 152-FZ, lomwe limatchulanso nkhani zotere, palibe malangizo omveka bwino pa malamulo omwe akusungirako ndi kusintha kwawo akadalipo. Kuwonjezera apo, palibe njira yothetsera ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu umenewu wa chidziwitso, ngakhale kuti akuluakulu ena a boma akhala akugwira nawo ntchito. Choncho, anthu wamba sangakhale otsimikiza kuti uthenga wokhudza iwo uli m'manja odalirika, ndipo sangathe kuwatsimikizira.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Chifukwa chiwerengero cha biometric chili chosiyana kwa munthu aliyense, ndibwino kuti mudziwe munthuyo chifukwa cha izi kapena zosowa zina.

M'dziko lamakono, pakuchita izi izi zimawoneka mu njira zosiyanasiyana zofikira komanso malemba. Mpaka pano, kusonkhanitsa kwa chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudzana ndi deta imeneyi, mwachitsanzo, kumayiko ena kupeza pasipoti kapena ma visa ku maulendo akunja. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafoni amakono, mapiritsi, makompyuta ndi zipangizo zina zimatulutsanso ntchito poyankha, mwachitsanzo, zolemba zazithunzi zazithunzi kapena kuzindikira nkhope. Choncho biometric data kutetezedwa kwa nthawi yaitali kale - osati teknoloji wapamwamba mu filimu yosangalatsa. Njira zamakono zimalola ngakhale kusiyanitsa mapasa kuchokera m'modzi kapena angapo omwe amadziwongolera bwinobwino ndi molondola kwambiri.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, deta ya biometric ndi chidziwitso chodalirika kwambiri chomwe sichitha kusintha, ndipo pakuwonjezereka kwa matekinoloje ozindikira, sikungatheke kupeza phindu losavomerezeka kwa chirichonse. Zoona, vuto ndiloti ngati pali chitsime kuchokera ku deta, izi zidzakhala vuto lalikulu, chifukwa, monga tafotokozera kale, "mawu achinsinsi" awa sangasinthe.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yophweka: ngati chitsanzo chowonetsera chiripo mu deta, chimafaniziridwa ndi deta yomwe imapezeka ndi sensa, ndipo ngati pali zovuta zotsutsana, pempho lachinsinsi likutsutsidwa, ndipo ngati ayi, likuvomerezedwa. Mwachidziwikire, pali kuthekera kwachinyengo kumayambitsa kapena kulephera, koma izi zimadalira mtundu wa kutchulidwa ndi kulondola kwa kukhazikika ndi kukhudzidwa kokwanira kwa sensa. Inde, kuphatikiza njira zovomerezeka zambiri kumapangitsa kuti chidziwitso chonse chidziwike.

Zabwino ndi Zochita

Monga mu nkhani ina iliyonse, pankhani yokhudza zaumwini, makamaka deta yamakono, anthu adagawidwa m'misasa iwiri: othandizira ndi otsutsa.

Anthu omwe amalimbikitsa kufalitsa kofulumira kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chonse ndi zigawo zamakono, amatsutsana ndi udindo wawo chifukwa chakuti izi zidzapangitsa anthu kukhala otetezeka, kuchepetsa umbanda. Pezani munthu wakusowa sizidzakhala zovuta, chifukwa chitetezo chirichonse chidzatsimikizira kukhalapo kwake.

Komabe, otsutsa amakhulupirira kuti, choyamba, ngakhale kutsika pang'ono kwa deta kumakhala kovuta, ndipo kachiwiri, palibe chofunika chokhazikitsa chokhazikitsa malamulo omwe angathetsere nkhani zambiri m'dera lino. Potsirizira pake, ena amaganiza kuti izi zidzakupatsani mpata kuti maboma azitha kulowerera mmalo mwawokha, omwe sangavomerezedwe.

Zoyembekeza

Njira imodzi, mateknoloje opangidwa ndi mtundu uwu wauthenga akupitirizabe kusintha, ndipo njirayi imangowonjezedwa ndi ndalama zake zokha. Mwinamwake, m'tsogolomu yodalirika, kuperekedwa kwa deta ya biometric kudzakhala kovomerezeka kwa anthu onse mosasamala, ndipo zolemba zambiri zidzapangidwa. Chidziwitso cha magawo angapo a magawo ake chidzamangirizidwa ndi munthu aliyense. Izi zidzathetseratu kusindikiza zikalata za pamapepala zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ndizodziwika, komanso zidzakumbukira za lingaliroli ngati mafungulo ndi kutsekemera mwachizoloŵezi.

Mwa njira, kawirikawiri limodzi ndi biometrics amatchula kutsegula. Komabe, muyeso uwu uli ndi otsutsa ambiri, chifukwa mothandizidwa ndi ma microcircuits atakonzedwa mu khungu laumunthu, n'zotheka osati kudziwa kokha, komanso kuteteza ndikusintha. Izi zimawopsyeza anthu amasiku ano kuti ambiri a anti-utopias amalankhula za muyeso ngati wamba. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri.