Kalata yaukwati - chifukwa chiyani mukusowa?

Pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo panalibe chilemba choterocho ku Russia ngati chilembetsero chaukwati. M'malo mwake, zinali zotheka kupeza chotsitsa kuchokera ku bukhu la mpingo zokhudza ukwati, ndipo ndondomeko yokhayo iyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kulengeza katatu kwa mwambo umene ukubwerawo. Komabe, pambuyo pa chisinthiko, boma linagwiritsa ntchito udindo wa bungwe lovomerezeka kuyanjana kwa anthu awiri. Chikalata chokwatirana ndicho chikalata chovomerezeka kuti mgwirizano ndi wovomerezeka komanso woyenera. Akulemba ofesi yoyenera yolembera. Komabe, sikofunikira kusokoneza chikalata chaukwati ndi lingaliro la "mgwirizanowo". Otsatira anaonekera pambuyo poti mtsogoleriyo amangoona kuti ndi mwambo wachipembedzo, mosiyana ndi ukwati wa mpingo. Ndiye mawu oti "boma" anali ofanana ndi lingaliro la ukwati, lomwe linatsirizidwa pamaso pa akuluakulu a boma, osati ndi aphunzitsi. Mwa njira, dziko la Russia mmalo mochedwa - mu 1917 okha - linapita ku bungwe ili lolembetsa mgwirizanowu. M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya (ku Netherlands - kuchokera mu 1580, ku Germany - kuchokera mu 1875, ku England - kuyambira 1836), zinakhala zotheka kulowa m'banja. Komabe, tsopano ku Russia mawu awa akutanthauza, monga lamulo, maubwenzi popanda kulembedwa.

Kodi mumapeza chiyani ndi chiphaso cha ukwati?

Mabanja ambiri amasankha ndendende popanda - zosayenera - udindo wa mgwirizano. M'mayiko ambiri, mgwirizanowu umaloledwa mwalamulo, ndiko kuti, ali ofanana ndi ufulu ndi maudindo kwa "olembetsa". Komabe, chikalata chaukwati ndicho chidziwitso chokha chomwe chikuvomerezedwa movomerezeka monga chitsimikiziro cha maukwati a m'banja. Izi zikutsatira: kuphweka pa kupeza chilolezo chokhalamo kapena kukhala nzika kwa mkazi kapena mwamuna, mwachindunji choloŵa chokha ngati imfa ya mmodzi wa zibwenzi. M'mayiko ambiri, chilembetsero cha chikwati chimapatsa mpata kulandira phindu la msonkho komanso kuchotsera msonkho, komanso phindu. Icho chimapereka maudindo angapo. Mwachitsanzo, mwamuna wodalirika akadzathetsa banja angafune kuti anawo asakhale nawo (ngati alipo) komanso iwowo. Banja la Banja limalimbikitsa kuti asakhale ngakhale mwamuna kapena mkazi wake wakale, ngati ali m'mavuto azachuma ndipo alibe moyo. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi chikalata chotsimikizira kuti boma likulembetsa ukwati, zimakhalapo pamene akukhazikitsa ufulu wa katundu, kusungidwa kwa ana komanso kubwezeretsa banja.

Chothandizira kwambiri chilembetsero chaukwati cha "kunja"

Tiyerekeze kuti wina wa okwatirana akupita kunja. Iye amakhala pamenepo ndipo amafuna kutenga achibale ake. Pachifukwa ichi, kusinthidwa kwa chikwati chaukwati chiyenera, chomwe chidzalola kuti wachiwiriyo atenge visa, ndiyeno chilolezo chokhalamo. Mofananamo, chikalata choterocho chidzafunikanso podula pasipoti - ngati dzina lasinthidwa. Chizindikiro cha chikwati chaukwati chingaperekedwe ndi kaloweta, Dipatimenti ya Utumiki Wachilungamo kapena ofesi yolembera. Chikalata choterocho chidzakhala chofunikira kuti mgwirizano uzivomerezedwa mwalamulo mu dziko lina. M'mayiko ambiri, ngati okwatirana ali m'banja logwirizana, ali ndi ufulu wopereka msonkho. Ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, kalata yaukwati ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chokhacho chimapatsa mwamuna kapena mkazi mwayi wokhala nzika kapena kukhala ndi chilolezo chokhazikika m'dziko la mkazi kapena mwamuna. Maukwati, omaliza pa miyambo yachipembedzo, sadziwika ndi mayiko ambiri ndipo samapatsa ufulu ndi maudindo alionse.