Kodi anali kugwirizana kwa France: zimayambitsa, pang'onopang'ono. Amene anali mdani cha macheza French

Middle Ages, pang'ono ndi pang'ono cholimbana ndi kugawikana ang'onoang'ono. Ufumu patsogolo ndipo anakomoka. Moto ndi mavuto anabadwa kumvetsa kuti boma limodzi akusowa amphamvu chapakati ulamuliro. Mu njira yomweyo, wodekha ndi zovuta, pali kuyanjana kwa France. Mu dziko lino ulimi anakula analimbitsa mzinda, anayamba kwathunthu ndi kuyendetsa zamalonda. Kodi anali French Association, anauza m'nkhani ino.

Mu Zakachikwi loyamba

m'ma chinayi kutha ufumu Karla Velikogo. Anagwetsanso ngati mbale pansi - mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono. Mmodzi makombo awa - dziko franc kumadzulo - ufumu, komwe adalandira ana a Mfumu Karla Velikogo ulamuliro - Carolingian mafumu wofooka, zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro alibe la chisindikizo. mphamvu Royal pa nthawi sankakhoza ngakhale kutchedwa ofooka - panali pafupifupi palibe mphamvu. Amene anali mdani cha macheza French? Kodi nthawi imeneyo.

Pamene iye anafa, Carolingian otsiriza, onse France inkatha mu thumba m'busa - chigamba wamng'ono wa Ile-de-France ndi maiko padziko Orleans ndi Paris. Mu 987 mfumu anadzozedwa Gugo Kapet. Mwachibadwa, ngakhale Hugo kapena Capet ena pampando wachifumu wa France sanali imeneyi, pamene atumiki awo - mfumu ya Normandy Mwachitsanzo, akhala osati kuposa mafumu, komanso wamphamvu kuposa iwo kangapo. Kodi pangakhale zifukwa zina kugwirizana kwa France?

Capet

Anapulumuka woyamba Capet pa mpando wachifumu, izo kwenikweni kugwirizanitsa pa mwendo umodzi, koma kukana, adzapulumuka, wamphamvu, ndipo analamulira mpaka 1328, nthawi zonse priraschivaya m'dera ndi mantha aang'ono. A banja thanzi ndi nthawi yaitali, yomwe woyikidwa kupitiriza mfundo zazikulu. Ana wamkulu zambiri korona zambiri za moyo wawo kutsatizana mkangano sizinachitikebe.

Ndithudi, "kapena kuti banja lililonse lili ndi nkhosa zake wakuda," osati onse Capet asonyeza olamulira skilful. Komabe zimenezi tiyenera kuziganizira bwinobwino. Kodi anali French kucheza imene zinthu? Dziko akale ndi anthuwo ndi chochepa GGI aliyense kuti n'zosadabwitsa, monga cholowa chuma (wachifumu ankalamulira) anakwanitsa anachulukana kwambiri. The kupambana choyamba cha macheza French moyenerera kuletsa Capet.

adani amphamvu

Ndimalephera kubweza Louis VI baronial kuukirana, kutenga monga ulamuliro kuthandiza nominees anthu, kuwapatsa ngakhale apamwamba boma mu mawerengedwe chifukwa cha kukhulupirika m'tsogolo; monga anamanganso akale Carolingian mpingo woyamba moona Gothic cloister wa Saint-Denis, kutenga ndi panopa mlangizi Abbe Suger, mu Normandy anaonekera Duke William. Inde, yemweyo - Mgonjetsi.

Mavuto a za ndale ku malekezero otsiriza kobvuta ndi kugonjetsa England ndi William mu 1066. Monga m'manja mwa mfumu French, William anakhala mfumu - ndi mfumu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kunyumba, kukula kwambiri pa mlingo wapamwamba koposa Capet. Henry II kale anali "mini-Angevin Ufumu" anakhala wolamulira wa England, Normandy, Anjou, Aquitaine ndi M'mayiko ambiri amene amapanga zambiri France ano. The zosasangalatsa kwambiri kuti ngati tipempha amene anali mdani wa kugwirizana kwa France, adzayenera kuti ayankhe - aang'ono awo.

Young, koma oyambirira

Fifitini Korol Filipp II anatenga kukwana kwa kukonza zinthu izi. mochenjera kwambiri, raschotliv ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ntchito ntchito zoipa, ndipo anali mmodzi wa mtima kwambiri ndipo kutali amene kuyang'ana andale Middle. Osati chabe Philip Augustus anadziwika. Munthu amene anali ndi mdani wa kugwirizana kwa France, anakhala mdani wa mfumu.

Kusankha mfundo yachilendo anali kusonkhana m'mayiko ndipo nazo dera la mkati - kukhazikitsa yokha zinazake. Philip mofanana bwino athana ndi anthu ena. Panali zosiyanasiyana matalente - mtsogoleri wamkulu, nthumwi kuchenjera ndi wopanga malamulo anzeru ndi bwana wamkulu ali pa achinyamata, koma osati zolengedwa wosalimba.

Philip ndi England

Henry II, Mfumu ya England, Normandy, ndi mndandanda umapititita, zovuta kugunda ndi mfumu yatsopano ya France. Ngakhale kuti pakati mphamvu awiriwa anamaliza mgwirizano, Philip chidwi kotero bwinobwino kuti ana a Henry womasuka kwambiri Angevin ufumu zonse kupanduka.

Pa m'malo mwa Henry - Richard I - Ine kukhwima ndi nthawi Philip intrigue analephera, koma anatembenuka ubwenzi ndi olowa Kampeni. Koma kazembe lotsatira - Yohane opanda minda angakonze mofulumira, mosavuta ndi zomvetsa wotsika. Cholinga cha macheza French mtengo.

Choyamba Philip anapereka John mlandu wa kupha a mphwake, Arthur, amene Komabe, afa momvetsa mwachinsinsi kwambiri. John sanawonekere. Ndiyeno Filipo analandidwa katundu wake yense, omwe anali kumtunda, chifukwa kuphwanya lumbiro la kukhulupirika.

Pambuyo pa zaka zinayi za nkhondo ndi atagonjetsedwa wa British mu 1214, Philippe anagwirizana m'mayiko French cha Normandy, osati kokha, komanso a Anjou, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha mbali ya kumpoto. Amenewa anali kupambana choyamba cha macheza French.

Kampeni

The Albigensians anthu kusangalala. Papa yomweyo sanali: ndi troubadours, Ankhondo, olemba ndakatulo motsimikizira yokutidwa ndi mpatuko, ngati kuti Ambuye si zonse zabwino ndi wamphamvu zonse. Wa chisokonezo Albigensian ankawaviika maiko angapo kum'mwera kwa France - Toulouse, Languedoc, Provence. Pa bwalo la Chiwerengero Raymond wa Toulouse anasonkhanitsa anthu ambiri luso ndi wanzeru nthawi yake.

French North pa kuitana kwa Papa anaukira ndi Albigenses. Koma Filipo, azungu analimbitsa malire a kumpoto, pamene atumiki ake anamira mu chikhalidwe magazi a Languedoc.

Chikhulupiriro barons aja an'kanthunthumira, ndi dyera anathandiza kwambiri. Kumwera Region, makamaka, mu Languedoc - anawonongedwa ndi kunyongedwa, nayenso, anabwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa France. Philip Komabe, izi salinso anapeza. Ndi 1224 chifukwa Kampeni chinapezeka, monga sitepe yotsatira panjira France kucheza.

Malinga zikuluzikulu za Mfumu Philip Augustus la France unkagwiritsidwa kaphatikizidwe masitepe. Komanso, mfundo zabwino anali kulimbitsa ndi kuphatikiza la ulamuliro umodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo mwachilungamo coherent ndi ogwira ntchitoyi. Koma tisaiwale kuti Philip sangaone kunyozeka kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu

St. Louis analamulira France kuyambira 1226 mpaka 1270. Iye ankadziwika ngati achipembedzo ndi nzeru, iye anali canonized ndi mpingo wa Roma. Mobwerezabwereza iye anali arbitrator mu litigation pakati pa mafumu, koma oopsa crusader phindu kwa mgwirizano France sanaphonye konse kwambiri analimbitsa ufumu.

France pamene maluwa kudziko okongola, malo chikhalidwe, amene amakhalabe Europe komanso padziko lonse lero. Ndiyeno mu phiko la mfumu yanzeru akhamukira kuchokera konsekonse bwino masikolala, troubadours, ndi olemba. Iwo anamanga matchalitchi zazikulu za Chartres, Amiens ndi Reims. Apa momwe mgwirizano zinachitika mu France mu ulamuliro wa St. Louis.

Ngakhale chiyero chake m'tsogolo, ndi Rome pa Louis IX kusanduka ndi ubale. Mu 1269 anafalitsa kuvomereza wanzeru, amene anamasulidwa France kuchokera levies zopereka moponya Roma n'kulengeza ufulu wa mpingo French ku mpingo wa Rome. Zochita za Papa Innocent IV, Louis kwambiri anadzudzula.

Philip IV Fair, ndi mtundu boma

Mdzukulu wa St. Louis angatchedwe Philip chinyengo. Koma ankaona wokongola. Kukongola anali wamphamvu chikumbumtima. Zikuoneka koposa chifukwa cha ulamuliro Filipo Nthawi kuchepa mphamvu ang'onoang'ono, potero kulimbitsa ufumu mu dziko, kodi anakwanitsa. Ntchito ya makolo awo mwa njira ina iliyonse, iye anapita, monga momwe tingathere. Zimayambitsa kucheza French sadzasiya. Philippe kukonzekera dzikolo inalowa madera atsopano.

Ndale, mfumu anapambana ofuna nkhanza. Zoterozo zinali zikhalidwe za chi. Koma apa pali chidwi Ndipotu: oyambirira amasiye, anakwatira kachiwiri, okhulupirika kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi womwalirayo. Umabweretsa pamodzi ambiri ngakhale ndi chikhumbo chake monyanyira. Magawo a kugwirizana kwa France ndipo pambuyo ulamuliro Philip siinalekezere kumeneko. Zimenezi anatenga pafupifupi nthawi yonse ya Ages Middle.

Chikoka cha French pansi Philip analimbitsa ku Ulaya, ngakhale zomvetsa - nkhondo ndi Flanders ndi chilango Templars - dziko ndi gulu lake lankhondo anaphunzitsidwa kuviika wabwino, kuwonjezera bajeti ndi zida. Kachiwiri chinalimba nkhondo ndi British osati anawonjezera France Gascogne - cholowa Edward I. Flanders analephera kulanda. Koma pano pali Papa Bonifesi VIII, Filipo, ngakhale anamangidwa. Ndiyeno France analephera osankhidwa Papa Clement V, amene inasamuka ku Rome kuti Avignoni. Kunalitu kugonja yaikulu, popeza ndi bungwe la France - ngati si mwachirengedwe, koma dziko ndi wongodzinenera.

Zotsatira za kucheza France

Pang'onopang'ono ndinayamba kutiumba ndi chinenero, kotero anthu kwambiri dziko anayamba kumva ngati anthu amodzi. Analenga zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa chikhalidwe, zaluso asangalala, kukhazikitsa maphunziro.

Koma pa mapeto a zaka za m'ma XV, France anakhoza kupeza mbali zonse za ufumu centralized. Pansi Louis XI anadutsa kusintha mpaka kalekale ndipo kusinthika. Cities sayeneranso usilikali. Aang'ono anali kugula njira yotulukira usilikali. asilikali aganyu anakhala pa iye anali zavedon msonkho wapadera.

Iwo otembenuka pafupifupi onse makonzedwe boma. Relations ndi maiko ena latheka yekha pamwamba - wachifumu - aang'ono mlingo ndikoletsedwa.

Misonkho akhala okhazikika. Panali akuluakulu kusamalira chuma ichi chonse. General States anasiya msonkhano. alendo tinaitanidwa kulenga makampani zimene zinathandiza kuti kukula kwa mizinda ndi malonda.