Kirch - mpingo Lutheran ... Kodi izo ziri?

Kirchen kwenikweni otchedwa Lutheran nyumba mwambo. Koma izi sizili choncho. The German mawu kirche limafanana ndi Russian lingaliro la "mpingo." Mu Chipangano Chatsopano ndi ophatikizidwa tanthauzo lapadera - mpingo (Kirch) angatchedwe monga kapangidwe ndi dera kapena mpingo wa anthu popanda ochekenera achipembedzo.

Mpingo zomanga kumafuna mitundu itatu nyumba: ndi yopemphereramo (Chapel), Mpingo ndi tchalitchi. Chapel - nyumba osiyana anamanga kuti zosoweka zawo zapadera. Mpingo - nyumba zikuluzikulu za pa parishi ya. Pakati pawo palibe kusiyana mapemphero - miyambo yonse, miyambo, Sakramenti mwina kuonedwa m'tchalitchi, ndipo mu mpingo.

Mkati mwa Mpingo

Mpingo, anamanga kalembedwe mwambo, mbali, mmene malo Mkhristu kulambira. Panopa, monga kugawikana pomanga mpingo akhoza kusowa. The chipangizo cha nyumba, aliyense kusiyana sangathe kukhala chopinga utumiki. Kodi mpingo wa Chilutera? Anatinso nyumba tichipeza magawo angapo:

• Khumbi - pa malo malo wothandiza monga laibulale, bafa, kuvala chipinda, chipinda kubwera kwa ogwira ntchito, etc. Pamwamba pa khonde nsanja zambiri ili kuti atumikire monga belfries ...
• Makwaya - danga pamwamba pa khomo, pamene pali thupi.
• Nave - mbali yaikulu ya nyumbayi mpingo. Kwa iwo, pali mabenchi wapadera kapena mipando wamba - zilibe kanthu. Koma pandunji pa guwa pa zochitika zapadera ambiri kudzera-ndimeyi.
• Guwa - mwambo mu mpingo wa Lutera, iye anatembenuzidwa kum'mawa. Kawirikawiri ndi kukwezedwa pa zomwe mtanda kapena mtanda. Kumbuyo guwa chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula kapena mazenera papezeka-galasi pa mutu wa Uthenga Wabwino. Izi zikhoza kukhala fano la chikhalidwe kapena chabe zenera. Kirch - tchalitchi, malo a chipembedzo. Choncho, mbali ya guwa ili guwa.

maina Kirch

• Tchalitchi akhonza kutchulidwa ndi dzina la chigawo, msewu kapena mzinda komwe ili.
• Modern Lutheran Mpingo mayina mfundo zofunika Mkhristu. Mwachitsanzo, tchalitchi cha Muomboli.
• maina Chikumbutso - mu Lutheran palibe bungwe la oyera, kotero Mpingo amatchedwa kukumbukira cha atsogoleri achipembedzo kapena olamulira. Mwachitsanzo, Lutheran Church of Louise (okumbukira Mfumukazi ya Prussia) mu Kaliningrad.
• Kirch akhoza kunyamula kapena kubvala dzina chisanadze Reformation. Kawirikawiri ndi munthu wofunika kwambiri mu Chipangano Chatsopano, kapena maina a oyera. Mwachitsanzo, Lutheran Church of St. Paul ku Odessa.
• Dzina la mpingo, malingana ndi amayanjana mtundu wa molimba mtima. Mwachitsanzo, mpingo German.

Magwero a tchalitchi cha Lutheran

Mu October 1517 ndi mmonke Ogasitiniani ndi pulofesa Martin Luther anafalitsa 95. Choncho panali chiphunzitso lonse, wosiyana mfundo ya Mpingo wa Katolika. Kodi poyamba izo umalimbana kusintha zinachititsa kuti pakhale mpingo watsopano.

Kirch m'lingaliro choyambirira - ndi nyumba osati, komanso mugulu la okhulupiriia. Pambuyo Katolika, ndi Evangelical Lutheran Church (Lutheran Church) amapezeka paliponse mu Germany, Sweden, Finland, m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Kenako Lutheran mphamvu kumpoto kwa Germany, mu Livonia. Iwo akuyamba kumanga ambiri nyumba kulambira.

Zotsatira za Teutonic Order

Dera Kaliningrad kwambiri anasunga Kirch nthawi imeneyo. Komanso, zotsatira za limati German anali German mpingo kale nyengo. M'dera lino, mpingo woyamba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XIII. Teutonic Order mu 1256, anakhazikitsa Kirch Shtayndamm, zaka zisanu kenako - Porkshen Kirch, mu 1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. Zoposa 60 Katolika, anamanga ndi Teutonic Order anasunga tsopano mu dera la dera Kaliningrad.

Teutonic Order ndiponso anaika Konigsberg m'linga. Mpingo, laibulale, phwando holo, kulinga nsanja, pogona, nyumba yachifumu, oat Tower - mbali zikuluzikulu za ulemerero wake wakale. Dzina la Nyumbayi anapereka dzina la mzinda ikumangidwa pafupi ndi mpanda wa m'linga. Konigsbersky Castle - zowoneka wakale wa mzinda. Mu 1967, kapangidwe otsala makoma anali litaphulitsidwa. Amene anaganiza kuti abwezeretse izo.

Zotsatira za East Prussia

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XIV, ndi mapangidwe mizinda German m'dera la East Prussia, izo zinayambira paliponse ndi kumanga mipingo Katolika. 120 Kirch lidakalipobe mpaka ku nthawi ino.

tchalitchi

Woyamba Catholic Cathedral inamangidwa 1380. Pang'onopang'ono, tchalitchi anamanganso ndi kuti lowani mkati frescoes. Kirch - ndiko kuchimake kwa moyo yathu. Choncho, pa Cathedral ku Order anali mbali 2: mmodzi Ankhondo a ena - mpingo.

Posakhalitsa, pafupi ndi tchalitchi anakula nyumba yunivesite, laibulale ndi gulu lapadera la mabuku ndi mipukutu. Pa nsanja yake anaikidwa wotchi chogunda, kenako tchalitchi linakhalanso ndipo anaika chiwalo latsopano.

Today m'dera Kaliningrad Katolika yaing'ono. Choncho anaganiza za pa tchalitchi ndi mtundu wa pakati-kachisi, kumene iwo kupemphera pafupi ndi anthu a kuvomereza osiyana. Tsopano mu tchalitchi ndi ntchito za Mulungu anakhala Achiprotestanti, Orthodox ndi Akatolika. Konzani zoimbaimba ndi mipikisano ya limba ndi nyimbo zachikhalidwe.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - izi mwina nyumba yakale kwambiri mu Kaliningrad, amene angathe kuwapulumutsa. Chaka yomanga - 1288. Zapamwamba Catholic matchalitchi amene kwa zaka abwera kuno khamu la amwendamnjira. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIV inamangidwa belfry ndi mabelu iŵiri yowala ndi wolemera frescoes mumpingo ali wakale Prussian ziboliboli - "Madonna pa kachigawo mwezi", amene akutchedwa zozizwitsa zazikulu ndi machiritso.

Kirch wakhala pafupifupi labwinobwino nkhondo itatha, anthu German za izo ikuchitika utumiki mpaka 1948. Koma nyumbayo bwinobwino anawononga ochokera Soviet Union. Kumayambiriro a 1980 pofuna kuteteza ku kukopa chiwonongeko, Kirche anabwerera ku tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Tsopano apa pali mkazi St. Nicholas obisika.

Zokopa XIX-XX atumwi

Nyumba mbiri ya Kaliningrad - Lutheran mpingo wa Mfumukazi Louise. Mu ulemu wa chifumu linamangidwa mu 1899. Mu 60s akuluakulu anaganiza kupasula nyumbayi, koma anapulumutsidwa, refitting nyumbayi mu chidole zisudzo.

Catholic Chapel wa St. Adalbert inamangidwa mu 1904. patapita zaka 30 kuti linali lofika nyumbayi ndi mazenera kuzungulira ndi kumangidwanso guwa. Chapel analandira udindo wa mpingo. Pa nkhondo za mbali Ufumuyo wakhala kuonongeka ndi kuphwasula, ndipo mu gawo lakale la mpingo chakhazikika kampani apulasitiki. Tsopano nyumbayi m'nyumba utsogoleli wa Institute ndi Research.

mpingo Sagrada Familia inamangidwa mu 1907. Malinga ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, ndi Kirk Catholic amayenera kukhala nyumba banja mpingo, pamene analamulira mzimu wa chikondi cha Chikhristu. Pali inkachitikira miyambo yekha wa ubatizo ndi ukwati. Pa mpingo World nkhondo II anali bwinobwino zowonongeka ndi pang'onopang'ono anawonongedwa. Mu 1980, patapita kukhazikitsanso yaitali Regional Philharmonic Society inatsegulidwa kumeneko. Ikani Czech limba ndi mapaipi 3600.

Catholic Lutheran Church of St. Joseph anakhazikitsidwa mu 1931. nyumbayi anali apansi atatu mu nsanja ndi denga chowulungika. Pa WWII Lutheran mpingo wavutika pang'ono, ndipo nkhondo itatha, ndiye aikidwa Railway Club. Mu 1969 nyumbayi anamangidwanso n'kuliika mu malo amene zili apo pa mphindi.

Kirch, akuchita tsopano monga mipingo Orthodox

Ponarth Lutheran-Lutheran Church - ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri kalembedwe Gothic. Linamangidwa mu 1897 likuvutika m'deralo yofululira moŵa, anthu ndi subsidy boma. Lutheran mpingo anapereka dera Ayuda mzinda. mpatuko kugulitsidwa pafupifupi si kuonongeka panthawi ya nkhondo. Nkhondo itatha, ndi spire wa mpingo linamasuka, ndipo chipinda ntchito ngati malo osungira. Mu 1991 nyumbayi chinaperekedwa kwa Orthodox Russian, ndipo tsopano ndi mpingo Orthodox Kubadwa kwa Yesu la Namwali Wodalitsidwa.

mpingo Rosenau Lutheran nayikidwa mu 1914. Koma chifukwa cha nkhondo (First World) yomanga kachisi kuti inaimitsidwa. Mu 1926 pomanga mpingo inatha. Pa mpingo Wachiwiri World Lutheran pafupifupi ..silinaona ndipo ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Zaka 25 zapitazo nyumbayi chinaperekedwa kwa Orthodox Russian, ndipo tsopano pano Orthodox tchalitchi cha Virigo Woyera.

Lutheran Mpingo wa Cross inamangidwa ndi odzipereka mu 1933. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo analandira kuwonongeka zazing'ono, ndipo pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World nyumbayi inali shopu. Mu 1988, nyumba unapatsidwa kwa Mpingo Russian Orthodox, wodzipereka mu 1994, lero ndi Orthodox Woyera Cross Cathedral.

Malo otsiriza a kupembedza, amene Germany anamanga ku Königsberg, anali Lutheran Mpingo wa Khristu. Kumanga m'dera ntchito popanda frills ndipo kunali kukometsa. nyumbayi analengedwa mu 1937. Mpingo angakhale anthu 720 pa nthawi imodzi. Nkhondo itatha, nyumba kusinthidwa kwa Nyumba ya Culture. nyumbayi watenga pa ROC, koma, malinga ndi mabwana, pamene apa adzathamanga gululi.

Mipingo yomwe ilipo Lutheran ndi Akatolika

Tsopano Kaliningrad mu Mpingo wa Katolika 2 kufika: Woyera Banja ndi St. Adalbert. nyumba mpingo inamangidwa mu 1991 ndi 1992. "Caritas West" Catholic Center anamasula mu 1992. Mozama mu mzinda ndi nthambi Catholic College.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church mumzinda nakhalanso yekha mu 1991. Achilutera amasonkhana mu matchalitchi pa Prospekt Mira. Iwonso Provostry (mpingo chigawo) imene boma ntchito "Kuunika kwa East".

Kodi mpingo wa Chilutera? Mpaka Katolika, mpingo wa Chilutera amatchedwa mpingo mu mayiko German. Germany - malo amene Reformation. Pambuyo iye Akatolika ndi Achilutera ankatchedwa Kirche (mpingo) nyumba imene kukumana polambira. Kirchen tsopano lotchedwa Lutheran Church ndi Chijeremani. Akatolika yemweyo, malingana dziko, zikhoza kukhala mpingo kapena parishi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa anthu a Belarus, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia Catholic Church - mpingo uno.