Khotyn Linga: kufotokoza, mbiri, nthano

M'buku la zochitika za mzinda wakale Chiyukireniya Hawtin olembedwa nkhondo angapo ndi nkhondo aukali, lalikulu ndi laulemerero chigonjetso cha kugalukira ndi. Khotyn linga wakhala mbamu chokoma kwa zosiyanasiyana adani. The yabwino malo Hrs pa mphambano ya njira zofunika zotsatirazi amalonda amapanga mukuona ngati nyama zofunika. Khotyn linga ankafuna kugonjetsa sultans Turkey, Polish ndi olamulira Chimoludaviyani. Pa nthawi ina zinali kapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri lonse la kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Lero malo otetezeka mu mzinda Hawtin anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa zodabwitsa Zisanu a Ukraine. Ndithu wokwanira ulendo anthu okonda ulendo, zotsalira zakale wakale.

Nthano za chiyambi cha

Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "Hawtin" ali zambiri zimene mungachite osiyana. Ena nthano kuti aliyense amene amabwera kuno, anafuna kukhala ndi moyo pa malo wapadera.

Khotyn linga, zomwe chithunzi limaoneka pansipa, alidi chidwi. Komabe, pali nthano ina. Limanena za mnyamata ndi msungwana, omwe anakhalapo kalelo, m'mayiko amenewa. Iwo zokwatirana. dzina Mkwatibwi anali Tin ndi mkwatibwi - Ho. Koma makolo a mtsikanayo anali ndi mgwirizano umenewu. Okonda anamanga ngalawa kupita pansi Dniester entrained pa iwo m'dera losadziwika. Kumene adzakhulupirika kwa gombe, kumeneko moyo.

Bwato anafika ku malo omwewo amene tsopano paima mzinda wakale ndi chinyumba ake zazikulu. Zitsulo ndi Ho wilawi moyo pano. Onse pamodzi nazo zochuluka, ndi chikhalidwe chawo amasangalala ndi kukongola kwake.

Panali anthu mu chikondi ana. Iwo atakula anakwatiwa, kapena kukwatiwa. Pang'onopang'ono anakula pano Cities polemekeza tate wake Ho Ching. Komabe, ili ndi nthano chabe. Pa chiyambi cha linga pali deta mbiri.

Origins wa Khotin

History of Khotyn Linga osiyanasiyana ndipo zinapatsira ndi mzimu wa ungwazi. Ofufuza, ndi midzi woyamba m'deralo, kumene tsopano pali linga, anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma 8-9. Kodi Khotyn Linga ndi kukhala malo zazikulu kukhala, tikhoza kuona ndi kuyang'ana pa chithunzi pansipa.

Ichi ndi malo aakulu m'njira iliyonse. Ndi mwayi yabwino madzi izo ikuchitika akuwoloka mtsinje wa Dniester. Izi zapangitsa kuti zikamera wa malo amodzi mwa misewu ya malonda yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri kutsatira. Kuteteza ndizi izi, ndi Nyumbayi inamangidwa. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu zaka za m'ma 12 ndipo pa nthawi imene inamangidwa nkhuni.

Mu 1199 Hawtin asamukira wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo (mu 1219) anayamba kuukira pa khamu nthaka ya Mongol-Chitata. Imeneyi, wolimba Prince Daniel Galitsky anaganiza kwambiri kulimbitsa chotchinga chake. nyumba amatabwa m'malo mwa miyala.

Monga kukonzanso kwa Ngodziwa ndi Khotyn Linga. Kuzungulira asanu mita lake lalitali, anakumba chemba kwambiri inamangidwa. linga unamangidwanso mu makumi asanu za m'ma 13. Kukula ndi pang'ono wolephera nyumba amakono, koma ntchito yake kumbuyo anachita mwangwiro. Apa linamangidwa mpingo woyamba za malinga wamkuluyu.

Mbiri ya linga la

Khotyn linga, zithunzi zomwe zili mu ndemanga, tsopano amasunga ya kuda zaka amene anadutsa mwala makoma ake.

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 14, dziko Khotina anaikidwa pansi ulamuliro wa ukulu Chimoludaviyani. Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma yomweyo, anayamba kutuluka kuthetsa Moldovans, ndipo m'zaka 15 - ndi Armenia. Mu 1408 ku Moldova Voevoda dzina lake Aleksandr Good anaganiza mu njira Khotyn ija 2 khobiri "mahatchi."

Asilikali a linga anayamba mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 15 ndi Polish ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Mu zaka 1450-1455 panali asilikali Polish. Pofuna kukhala mutayamba kwa Ottoman Turkey Bwanamkubwa Stefan III Veliky ukasintha anasintha maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a m'nyengo Khotyn.

m'dera wakhala kukodzedwa, anakweza mlingo wa bwalo, anamanga nsanja kutalika pafupifupi 40 m. makoma Pamavuto (5 m) zinali zakuti slits. Imafotokoza kuti pomanga makoma awa anali ndi moyo wokhala ndi mpanda mtsikana - monga nsembe kwa milungu. Choncho am'deralo kufotokoza pakutchulidwa mawanga yonyowa pa makoma. Ndipotu otsiriza kwenikweni anaonekera pa malo a mtsinje akale backfilled.

M'bwalo pa nthawi yomweyo, awiri a nyumba yachifumu ndi kosungira kwambiri zinamangidwa. Iwo chikugwirizana zipata. Kumene mu kum'mawa kwa m'tchalitchi yachifumu unakhazikitsidwa. Mtundu wa zomangamanga sanasinthe pa zaka 6.

dongosolo linga

Khotyn linga, amene ayenera mosamala dongosolo kwenikweni bwino anakonza malo kumbuyo. Pali nsanja osiyana. Zikuphatikizapo Chipata South West, Commandant, North, East Tower. Pa gawo tsopano ili kalonga (Commandant) Palace. M'zaka za m'ma 18 m'chipindacho zinamangidwa pano.

Kale apo inamangidwa mpingo nakumba akuya. Chimodzi cha zinsinsi za makoma achitetezo ndi mdima yonyowa malo sadzakhala youma kutentha kulikonse, kapena wozizira.

Mkati kulinga akhoza anafika mwa kupachikidwa milatho. Kale, anadzuka ndi kugwa. Kumbali n'zosiyana za pachipata, pali mlatho. Iye anali chinsinsi china chofunika kwambiri. Ngati adani adakali anaswa chipatacho, iwo ali pa nsanja matabwa. Action chobisika limagwirira amakhazikitsa izo opunthira, ndi adani monga anagwa pansi. Apo panali anakumba dzenje kwambiri imene kum'mamatira zikhomo lakuthwa. Tsopano chotero limagwirira choopsa chimene anali Khotyn linga, zifukwa zoonekeratu, kulibe, koma tanthauzo mdani kugwa mungathe lero.

Kuyamba bwalo, kumanja muona nyumba yaitali. Iwo linaikidwa m'chipindacho. Pambuyo pawo ndi mpingo. A chowonjezera Palace Prince a. nyumba awiri awa kuno ku nthawi za Stefana Velikogo. Pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu mu thanthwe pa nthawi yomweyo anali gouged bwino. Iye tsopano ali pakati pa bwalo.

bwino

Malinga ndi kufotokoza bwino, yomwe ili m'malire a Khotyn linga, ali akuya mamita 68. m'lifupi ndi 2.5 m. Hollowed mu thanthwe, ndipo madzi, limatuluka kuchokera mu kuya ake oyenera kumwa. Si onse zambiri mungazipeze pa bwino Khotyn linga.

Kwa zaka zambiri, chinthu ichi sichitha kuti amakopeka ndi mphamvu yake. Popeza kuti khalidweli kwambiri nthano, amene amalenga m'maganizo mwa Khotyn Linga yokha. Bakuman ali kuti pa nthawi ya kulanda loyamba la Turkey nyumba imeneyi angaloŵe, mankhwala munthuyu apa. Iye anali ndi mwana wamkazi - wokongola Katherine. Mu pasha Turkey, amene ankakhala m'linga, mwana yekhayo anadwala. Ndipo palibe munthu anakhoza kumchiritsa. Kumvera ntchito yake, dokotala ataukitsa mwana wa mfumu. Koma bola ngati mwana wa Pasha anali mu nyumba ya wamatsenga, iye anagwa mu Katherine. Ndipo kotero iye kumizidwa mu moyo, kalonga sanayese n'komwe kutenga mtsikanayo mphamvu m'banja anafuna iye yekha anadza kwa Iye.

Ataphunzira kuti Turkey Pasha kukakamiza mtsikana kuti akwatire mwana wake, kapena atate wake kuwopsezedwa kuti awapha. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Catherine anabereka mwana wamwamuna. Iye anali ndi tsitsi lagolide ndi maso a buluu. Pasha akhoza samapeza wa mdzukulu wake ndi kum'patsa golide mchikuta.

Mfiti Doctor ndi nthawi yonseyi sanathe kupeza malo chisoni, onse anafuna kukupulumusani mwana yekha wa ukapolo manyazi. Tsiku lina iye anapeza njira. Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa akonzedwa ena a zitsamba zinachitika kum'soŵetsa mtendere. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kupatsira yachifumu.

kum'soŵetsa mtendere amayenera kutembenukira Catherine ndi mwana wake m'madzi. Choncho iwo anatha kuthawa nyumba yachifumu. Katherine anamwa kum'soŵetsa mtendere ndi madzi iwo mwana wawo. Kenako anamuphimba ndi golide kunayambira bwino. Choncho iwo anatha adzalowerera m'malovu ting'onoting'ono kufyola mu za mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Iwo akhadikhira bambo-wamatsenga. Koma sanathe kuthetsa wa othawa kwawo, monga chopunthira anali enchanted kwambiri kuziwerenga.

Ena m'deralo amati malo yonyowa pa khoma - quatrain ichi, chimene kudikira kuti kuthetsa mwana akale. Izi zidzachitika pamene wina kupeza golide mchikuta kuchokera pansi pa chitsime. Iwo amati ndi moonlit usiku inu mukhoza kuwona momwe izo tinkangoona m'madzi. Koma palibe mmodzi yemwe anapatsidwa mpaka manja.

mbali structural

m'dera limene Khotyn linga, osiyana miyala. N'zovuta kulingalira za ntchito yaikulu mwachita omanga wakale ankamanga yomanga amenewa.

Anamangapo wamba ake a m'midzi yozungulira. Kuwafika pamwamba, kumene kunali Khotyn linga, iwo ankayenera kuti angakokere ndekha mwala, madzi ndi mandimu. M'masiku amenewo lamulo linaperekedwa pa mndandanda wa mangawa mu mawonekedwe a mazira ndi mkaka. mankhwala akuwonjezeka njira kupereka mphamvu yomanga. Ndiyamika chozizwitsa njira linga makoma anaima mpaka lero popanda kuwononga kwambiri. Olemba mbiri ena amati pa linga Turkey wa kasamalidwe ka amayi unamwino anakakamizika kubweretsa iwo mkaka wam'mawere, amene anawonjezera kuti njira mu ayambe makoma anawononga pambuyo zovuta.

Khotyn linga, nkhani yomwe ilipo kwa alendo alendo, ali ndi dongosolo la una wa mobisa. Iwo alumikizana ndi nyumba zonse mu linga. Mobisa anthu kusungidwa chakudya, zakudyazi zida. Apa inali ndi ndende. Opanduka amene amakana tsiku ndi tsiku ulendo phiri miyala katundu kuika m'ndende yapansi. Mu 1491 panali m'mphawi kupanduka chimene chinapangitsa Andrew Borulya. The Zionetsero mwamsanga kuletsedwa, ndipo anatsogolera ndi anzake kwa nthawi yaitali akuvutika ndi mayenje a mdima a linga la. Andreyu Borule mutu m'bwalo lalikulu. anzake waponya ku North Tower. Iyo inali nyumba yaitali kwambiri m'deralo.

Komabe nthawi zambiri akaidi ali mayenje a mdima, ndi kugwera pansi ku East Tower. Choncho, umatchedwa Legacy Tower. Amunawo anagwa miyala pansipa Dniester. Unali chizindikiro zoipa ngati magazi okhetsedwa mu yamtendere pa malo a. Iwo limaneneratu nkhondo wamagazi.

Kalonga Palace

Prince yachifumu anali Anamanga m'zaka 15. Kenako iye anapatsidwa dzina la nyumba ya Commandant a. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyumba zokongola kwambiri lomwe lili pa m'gawo lake Khotyn linga. Kufotokozera za zingakhale nthawi wonyeketsa. Koma chidwi kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane pa wapakamwa - izo ndi chitsanzo wokongola wa njerwa zofiira ndi mwala woyera. Pamaso nyumba ya mtengo yotentha holo maphwando.

Pa adani Turkey a linga la pansi lachiwiri la nyumba yachifumu anali harem Pasha a. Nthawi kuti panali 30 akazi amene anali akazi wolamulirayo. Malinga ndi nthano, panali Potocki ndi mlongo Sophia, okongola ake. Iwo amati, mlongo naye kangapo

Pasha anakonda akazi awo ndi pachinyezi awo m'njira iliyonse. Kwa iwo, pansi malangizo ake anali anamanga pafupi ndi mzindawo osambira, ndipo ngakhale inali ndi dziwe losambira.

dongosolo madzi

M'nthawi ya 15, anthu a linga linali dongosolo la madzi ndi sewerage. Ndi zachilendo ndithu nthawi imeneyo. Madzi. mwachindunji ku mtsinje.

Zogwiritsa ntchito anasangalala osati anthu olemekezeka, komanso nzika wamba. Khotyn linga anali zimbudzi, amene anali kudyetsedwa kwa tithe akuluakulu a madzi, ndi anthu wamba zili ndi dongosolo zimbudzi limene likuyenda pansi makoma a mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

The White Nsanja ya Tower Palace anali dongosolo womwewo wa zimbudzi kumaliseche. Iyi ndi mfundo mwachilungamo chosankhika cha bere kuchimbudzi pa nthawi. Pamwamba pa khoma Simungathe kuona kali konse, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwa ikuchitika. Mvula ndi chipale chofewa yagwa zonse.

Pakuti VIPs ngakhale maiwe ntchito. Chitonthozo ntchito madzi, ngakhale kuti pabwalo anali za m'ma 15, n'zovuta Musaone. Linga Khotyn izi poyerekeza akutsutsana ndi nyumba zambiri za ku Ulaya.

zochitika zikuluzikulu

zochitika zambiri kwakukulu kunachitika pansi makoma a mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Mu 1621 panali nkhondo pakati pa Chiyukireniya-Polish asilikali ndi a ku Turkey. Choncho unatha kufalitsa Ottoman kumadzulo. Nkhondo imeneyi mbiri zofunika opulumutsidwa Europe ku ulamuliro Turkey. Ankaona Khotyn linga. Kodi kufika malo yofunika iyi, izo tidzakambirana ina.

Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima ndi nzeru, Cossacks kutsogoleredwa ndi Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo anapambana nkhondo imeneyi.

Mu 1673 kunali nkhondo ya khotyn. Hetman Jan Sobieski asilikali a ku Turkey. A zambiri zochitika mbiri zofunika anazindikira m'mayiko amenewa.

M'zaka za m'ma 18, nthawi Russian Ufumu 4 anatenga Hawtin. Lomonosov analemba "Ode pa kudya Khotin" odzipereka kwa mmodzi wa nkhondo izi.

Momwe kuti linga la

Kuti tifike Khotyn linga, muyenera kubwera ku Kiev mu Kamenetz-Podolsk m'sitima. Kuyambira basi nambala 1 mu Odessa kukhala basi. Ngati mukufuna kuyenda galimoto, ndiye kuti akupita wapaulendo adzatero njira M20. Kuyambira Kamenetz-Podolsk kuyenera kum'mwera. Iwo ali pochitika 27 okha Km. Ankamvera ayenera kupatsidwa nthawi yoti Khotyn linga analola alendo. Apo ayi, galimoto makilomita ambiri kufufuza malawi, kuyenda ndi ayenera anawonjezera.

Ntchito maola Khotyn linga akuyamba ku 9:00 m'mawa ndipo itha pa 6 koloko madzulo. Kupeza ndalama za 30 rubles. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kutenga zithunzi kapena kuponyamo kukongola kwa nyumba wakale pa kanema, muyenera kulipira 20-30 rubles.

Linga Khotyn, ndithu, tidasiya nyanja ya zidindo wosaiwalika. Magic chilengedwe chokongola pamodzi zinsinsi ndi nthano zomwe makoma a nyumbazo - zonsezi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti tisangalatse mlendo aliyense.