Kashiamu wa phosphate

Tribasic asidi phosphoric mitundu ndi mitundu itatu ya salt calcium. Izi kashiamu wa hydrogen mankwala CaHPO4, calcium dihydrogen mankwala Ca (H2PO4) 2 ndi orthophosphate, kapena kashiamu wa phosphate, amene chilinganizo kwapatsidwa mwa: Ca3 (PO4) 2. mchere ichi ndi chinthu zochita kupanga, m'mikhalidwe muyezo ndi olimba, ndi mipita madzi (chimasungunula) pa kutentha choposa 1200 C. The kachulukidwe wofanana 2,81 g / cm³, ndi molar misa - 310,2 g / Mole. Kashiamu wa phosphate ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi: pa 20 ° C kachigawo misa zilibe upambana 0,0025%. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena ambiri, mlingo wa solubility ake amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Choncho, Kutentha mchere izi akhoza kupanga madipoziti.

Kashiamu wa phosphate ndi woyera crystalline mankhwala kuti ndi mbali ya mchere apatite (wa gulu la phosphates munali mpaka 56% CaO ndi 41% P2O5), phosphorite (fibrous kapena wandiweyani khamu la apatite munali oposa 18% P2O5) ndi hydroxyapatite (waukulu chigawo chimodzi cha fupa anthu ndi nyama). Timasonyeza chiyambi cha ena miyala ya ndowe kapena nyama zakufa. zina (mwachitsanzo, mu nyanja wakale) anapanga chifukwa cha moyo "fosforobaktery". Koma m'madera ena, miyala ya mchere izi ndi chiyambi mwangwiro mchere. Onse inafalitsidwa mu chikhalidwe ndi ntchito chuma cha dziko.

Apatite ndi zopangira kwa phosphorous, mankwala feteleza ndi asidi phosphoric, komanso ntchito akakhala ndi nonferrous zitsulo kupanga galasi ndi ceramic. Natural mchere mankwala miyala chiyambi osiyana, koma nyanja, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito patsogolo motalikira kupanga feteleza mankwala. M'matangadza phosphorites ndi apatites ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti ulimi, kuyambira osati kuti apange feteleza, komanso gwero kashiamu mbalame kapena nyama kudyetsa: chakudya kashiamu wa phosphate opangidwa mogwirizana ndi GOST 23999-80.

Maminolo zochita kupanga - apatite - ntchito njira kupanga zoposa makumi awiri. ntchito zake kupanga abrasives, galasi ndi ziwiya zadothi, komanso yopangira ufulu phosphoric acid ndi phosphorous. The ndondomeko chimaposa malinga chiwembu kuti: 3SiO2 + Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 5C → 3CaSiO3 + 5CO + 2P. mankhwala enanso amanena makampani chakudya: chikupezeka monga chakudya zowonjezera E341 malinga GOST P 53945-2010, kumene, pamodzi ndi 1- ndi 2-mmalo salt asidi phosphoric monga kashiamu wa phosphate. The yokonza mankhwala kumafuna amafuna kuyeza kwa feedstock lapansi. Kupanga zina chakudya ntchito asidi phosphoric kalasi A malinga ndi GOST 10678-76, calcium hydroxide malinga GOST 9262-77 ndi mankhwala woterowu choko malinga GOST 8253-79.

Maminolo munali kashiamu wa phosphate, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu thupi la munthu. Hydroxyapatite akhoza umaimiridwa ndi chilinganizo 3Sa3 (PO4) 3 • Ca (o) 2. Ndi mbali yaikulu ya chuma nyumba ndi mafupa. Mbali mchere wa enamel mu mawonekedwe fluorapatite. Lamulo tsiku ndi tsiku lalikulu ndi phosphorous mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 800 mpaka 1500 mg. Pa kagayidwe mankhwala phosphorous mu thupi Yankho chiwindi ndi zonse ndondomeko izi mahomoni ndi vitamini D. matenda osiyanasiyana mafupa ndi mano anayamba ndi akusowa wa phosphorous mu thupi. kashiamu wa phosphate amachokera chakudya, kumalimbitsa mano ndi mafupa, ndi osakaniza ndi mchere amathandiza dongosolo mtima, chindiletsa khansa ya m'matumbo, zonse mitsempha ntchito, kugwira nawo ntchito yomanga ya kolajeni, amathandiza m'munsi mafuta. The phosphates zichokera kwa ndowe ndi mkodzo tsiku linatulutsidwa pa 4 ga mchere phosphoric acid.

Magwero waukulu kashiamu wa phosphate kwa anthu - mkaka ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe mankhwala, dzinthu, timadziti zokhalamo, tchizi, mbuzi mkaka, nsomba, sardines ndi anchovies. Kukhala bwino sungunuka m'madzi ndi kashiamu wa phosphate mu ndende mkulu mu mkaka, popeza pali dongosolo colloidal mu mawonekedwe a micelles - particles ochepa kwambiri insoluble pachimake, umene wazunguliridwa ndi tinthu zosungunulira ndi adsorbed ayoni. M'gulu la casein mkaka, kwambiri ndendende, calcium caseinate limene limafotokoza kuti phosphoproteins, kuyambira lili mankwala gulu. Komabe, akatswiri amalangiza kupewa ndi owonjezera kashiamu wa phosphate, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a zakudya mipanda yolimba kwambiri ndi zowonjezera, ngati munthu ali kapena matenda otsatirawa: parathyroid, impso miyala kapena pa chithandizo kupitirirabe chikukhudza ya tetracycline mankhwala.