Kamangidwe ka Moscow Kremlin. Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi malongosoledwe a Moscow Kremlin

Kamangidwe ka Moscow Kremlin limakupatsani kumvetsa mmene Center poyamba anamanga likulu Russian. The gulu loyimba mapulani zikuphatikizapo akachisi, plazas zipinda nyumbayi. Lero, zowoneka onse, tione amene kubwera alendo ndi alendo ochokera Russia ndi ochokera m'mayiko.

Kremlin Yomanga

Kamangidwe ka Moscow Kremlin unakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV. nsanja Main ndi makoma zinamangidwa mu zaka 1485-1495. Red njerwa ntchito, ndipo mwala woyera ndi matope. Dziwani kuti ambuye m'dera sanali oyenerera ntchito imeneyo. Choncho, tinkapempha akatswiri yachilendo. Ivan III wopeza pomanga Moscow Kremlin mapulani ku Italy.

Komabe, ena nsanja anamanga pambuyo ambuye onse Russian. Mfundo yakuti mawonekedwe awo ndi amatikumbutsa nyumba khalidwe matabwa. Monga izo ziri zodziwika bwino, pamene luso ukalipentala ku Russia anafika ungwiro wake, anathandiza yekha zinthu zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndi ntchito zonse zofunika, monga nthawi moto waukulu inawononga nyumba onse. Popewa izi, pomanga mwala Moscow Kremlin ankagwiritsa ntchito.

kopanda Cathedral

Imodzi mwa nyumba zikuluzikulu za gulu loyimba mapulani - ndi Mfundo Cathedral. Iwo anamangidwira pa malo a mwala wa tchalitchi ku Moscow anamanga Ivanom Kalitoy mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIV. Zomangamanga Moscow Kremlin imalongosola nyumba imeneyi m'njira zambiri.

Cathedral anayamba kumanga mu 1475. Chitsanzo anatengedwa ofanana kutchalitchi mu Vladimir XII atumwi. Choncho, kamodzinso anatsindika Moscow kupitiriza ndi ulemu kwa Vladimir, amene kale anali m'gulu la mizinda ikuluikulu mu Russia.

Pa zaka 400 iwo unali mpingo waukulu ku Russia. Iwo korona mfumu ya olamulira. Khomo lalikulu ili m'dera Cathedral. Khomo la kachisi yaikulu ya Moscow Kremlin ngati asunga Mikayeli, chithunzi chomwe chili pamwamba chipilalachi. Komabe pamwamba Virigo ndi Mwana.

The iconostasis, amene lero ife tikhoza kuwona mu Mfundo Cathedral, anamaliza amisiri wa Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio mu zaka za m'ma XVII.

Pa nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812, pa nyumba ya Moscow Kremlin anali pansi kufunkha ndi owonongedwa. Ndinali nazonso ndi Cathedral. Mbali ya abe ku French kenako n'kuyambiranso ndi Cossacks Russian.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

Zomangamanga Moscow Kremlin simungathe kulingalira popanda Cathedral wa Annunciation lapansi. Ndi ili mu gawo kum'mwera chakumadzulo cha Cathedral Square. Linamangidwa mu m'ma XV. Ntchito anachita Pskov ambuye.

Mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo linali lofika khonde ndi khonde mkulu wa mwala woyera.

Kachisi wa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa mwambo wa oyambirira Moscow zomangamanga. Lero, murals chidwi kwambiri ndi Cathedral, amene anaonekera pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVI. Mtengo waukulu wa ojambula zithunzi Artel, zimene zinachititsa Theodosius ndi mwana wake Dionisiyo. nkhani zambiri pa mutu wa Chivumbulutso. Mukhozanso kukumana ndi zolinga boma. Mwachitsanzo, Russian akalonga ndi mafumu Byzantine.

Wapadera pansi a tchalitchi. anaika matailosi wake wapadera agatovidnoy yasipi wapatali.

Cathedral wa Angelo

tchalitchi ichi mu mpanda wa Moscow Kremlin anaonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI. Iwo anamanga kuyendera Italy wamanga Aloisio latsopano. Komabe, iye anatsatira miyambo ya zomangamanga Russian. Features la Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano amaona okha ulemerero wachuma wa kachisi.

yomanga ake zinachitikadi pa malo ya tchalitchi lakale kuti Ivan Kalita anamangidwira m'zaka XIV, pokumbukira chipulumutso likulu la mliri wa njala. Iwo anawachotsa chifukwa cha zikayamba, kumasula malo kwa mpingo zambiri lalikulu.

Cathedral korona domes asanu. gilded Central, ndi mbali chabe utoto utoto siliva. Kalembedwe wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano, zopangidwa woyera mwala chosema makonde.

Pa utakhala Napoleon ya likulu la nyumba yosungiramo katundu vinyo inali pano. Pa guwa, French ankachitika khitchini, ndi chuma onse anafunkha.

Mpingo wa mafunsidwe a Robe

Kumbukirani mpingo waung'ono anamanga amisiri Russian mu m'ma XV. Iye anaonekera pa malo wokalamba matabwa mafunsidwe mpingo wa Robe, yomwe inamangidwa pambuyo Tartars anabwerera ku Moscow.

Mu 1451 anafika pafupi ndi mzinda, koma sanatero amupha, ndipo kuphwera kusiya abe onse. Mpingo Orthodox wapereka tanthauzo la chipembedzo, kukhulupirira kuti chozizwitsa. Ndipotu Chitata anabwerera chifukwa kusiyana pandale pakati warlords lapansi.

Mpingo yatsopano kwambiri kuonongeka ndi moto mu chaka cha 1737. Iwo anabwezeretsa wamanga Michurin.

zida

Komiti ya Moscow Kremlin lero ndi chidwi kwambiri alendo. Kutchula koyamba za makhalidwe amene panopa amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida angapezeke mu 1339. Ngakhale mu nthawi Ivana Kality mapangidwe chuma kalonga. Ena mwa iwo anali zokongoletsa, tableware, ziwiya kachipembedzo, zovala zapamwamba ndi zida.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV, izo ili imodzi mwa malo zaluso Russian ndi zamanja. Komanso apa tinachokera mphatso kwa akazembe yachilendo. Ngale, zipanda siliva, miyambo kavalo oyang'anira.

Ndi 1485 chuma wakula moti anaganiza kumanga osiyana yosanjikizana nyumba mwala pakati pa Annunciation ndi Angelo Cathedral. Iwo ankatchedwa boma bwalo.

Faceted Komiti

Faceted Komiti ya Moscow Kremlin - mmodzi wa magawo angapo a nyumba, amene anapulumuka pa nthawi ya Ivan III. Zinali mpando wake wachifumu waukulu chipinda. Izi ndi wamkulu yapachiweniweni mwala nyumbayi mu Moscow.

ские мастера при помощи приглашенных итальянцев - Пьетро Солари и Марко Руффо. Linamangidwa mu zaka 4 skie ambuye Russian ndi thandizo la Italy anaitanidwa - Pietro Solari ndi Marco Ruffo.

The Komiti ndi chipinda lalikulu, amene anawasema mtanda, mothandizidwa ndi ndime pakati pa chipindacho. Nyumba mamita 9 aunika chifukwa mazenera bwino ili 18 ndi anayi chandeliers chachikulu. Malo onse a Faceted Komiti ya Moscow Kremlin pafupifupi 500 mamita lalikulu.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, mpanda wake utoto mpingo ndi zithunzi za m'Baibulo. Kwa zaka zambiri, n'kumene kukondwerera zochitika zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya boma Russian. Apa anatengedwa akazembe ena ndi nthumwi, anakumana Zemsky Sobor. Zonse mu Faceted Komiti chikondwerero cha chigonjetso cha manja Russian. Mwachitsanzo, Ivan Grozny chikondwerero cha adani a Kazan, ndi Peter Ine kugonjetsa asilikali a Sweden pa Poltava.

Red Square

Red Square, Moscow Kremlin anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XV. Lero ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro osati likulu komanso dziko, khadi ake malonda.

Iye anaika Ivan III amene adalamulira kuphwasula nyumba onse matabwa padziko boma la Russia. Popeza kuti kwambiri akufuna moto. Malowa, ndi dongosolo lake, unatengedwa pansi malonda. Choncho koyambirira uja Red Square Kusinthanitsa. Komabe, sizinakhalitse.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma XVI, izo anadzatchedwa Utatu. Chifukwa cha pafupi Woyera Utatu Church. Kenako mu malo ake anaonekera Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Malinga ndi zikalata, m'zaka XVII, m'dera lotchedwa Moto. Iwo siyenera toponymic chidwi Mbali of Ancient Lazaro. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chinthu chomwecho nthawi yomweyo akhoza maina angapo boma.

Red Square dzina lake mwalamulo basi m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Ngakhale ena mwa zikalata ndi dzina opezeka m'ma XVII. Tanthauzo la dzina, malinga ndi dikishonale Vladimira Dalya, kwagona kuti mawu athu makolo "ofiira" kutanthauza zabwino, zabwino.

Kwa zaka zambiri, Red Square Mwachitsanzo, mungathe kufufuza momwe Moscow Kremlin. M'zaka za m'ma XV anaonekera khoma Kremlin ndi nsanja wotchuka - seneti, Spasskaya ndi Nikolskaya. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ndi malo kuphedwa. M'zaka za m'ma XIX - Chiyambi Museum, Upper mizere Kusinthanitsa, omwe tsopano amatchedwa chingamu, chipilala kuti Minin ndi Pozharsky. XX m'ma wabweretsa kwa Red Square mausoleum ndi boma la Russia Wall Necropolis.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Kachisi ameneyu anamumanga mu zaka za m'ma XVI. Kumanga polemekeza adani a Kazan asilikali Russian. nyumbayi ndi dongosolo wamkulu wa zipilala 9 lomwe likutuluka pamwamba pansi ndi cholukanalukana zomera. Chili zikuchokera chipilala chapakati, amene korona mahema ndi chimphika kukongoletsa pamwamba. Anthu ambiri makamaka kubwera kwa Moscow kuona kachisi uyu.

Eyiti zipilala azungulira hema chachikulu. Ena onse komaliza mutu mu mawonekedwe a mababu.

Pa mbali ya Spassky Tower ndi awiri a khonde pa bwalo la kachisi. Kuyambira apo mukhoza kupeza kuti cloister lapansi. Alendo ndi osakhalitsa likulu amakhalabe ndi mitundu chidwi cha m'kachisi, ngakhale kuti zinachitika zaka zapitazo. Utoto St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ambuye woona. Iwo kugwiritsidwa ntchito zachilengedwe mitundu osakaniza ndi mwala woyera ndi wofiira njerwa. Wa yamasika, anapanga mbali zochepetsetsa. kupenta Bright linamalizidwa mu zaka za m'ma XVII. Pamene panali pambuyo pake, ndiye iwo kuika belu nsanja ndi yopemphereramo za kachisi wa kumpoto, kum'mawa. Kuti anapulumuka mapulani mayina kumanga omangawo achipembedzo m'Matchalitchi. maina awo Posnik ndi Barma.