Kachisi ndi kachisi? Mbiri ndi zamakono za nyumba zachipembedzo zisanayambe Chikristu

Zomwe zingatheke kuweruza momwe miyambo yachipembedzo yachikunja inachitikira m'dziko la Russia isanafike kuti Chikristu chisapulumutsidwe kwambiri. Makamaka, asayansi samadziwa pang'ono za dongosolo la zipembedzo zakale zachikunja. Kusiyana kwa zikhulupiliro zakale za Slavic, kusanganikirana kwa chikhalidwe cha mafuko osiyana omwe analipo pa gawo linalake nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kufufuza zovuta kwambiri. Komabe, posachedwa, chifukwa cha chidwi cha mbiri yakale ya Chikhristu chisanayambe, asayansi atha kupeza zambiri zatsopano pankhaniyi.

Kachisi wotseguka

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone chimene chiri kachisi wachikunja? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya chikhalidwe chisanayambe Chikristu, cholinga chachikulu chomwe chinali kulankhulana kwachindunji kwa munthu ndi milungu yayikulu. Kwenikweni, kumanga kachisi kuli kovuta kutchula, chifukwa iyo imayimira nsanja yozungulira kapena kuzungulira padera, nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsekedwa ndi nyambo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pakatikati padalipo fano la mulungu ameneyo, mwaulemu umene adakonzedwa.

Kawirikawiri kachisi wa chikunja wa mtundu uwu anali kutali ndi midzi ndi midzi. Ofufuza kawirikawiri amapeza malo ofanana amatsenga pamwamba pa mapiri, pakati pa nkhalango, mathithi, ndi zina zotere. Kuzungulira kwa bwalo kungakhale mamita makumi ambiri mamita. M'mphepete, moto wamoto unayatsa, ndipo pamphepete mwawo anaikidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopatulika (miyala, zipilala). Ngati kachisi adadzipereka kwa milungu yambiri, mafano awo akhoza kuikidwa pambali. Zinthu zina za mtundu uwu zimatchedwa ndi asayansi zinyumba zochepa, popeza zili ndizing'ono zochepa.

Kachisi m'kachisi

Asilavo ankachitanso miyambo yawo mkachisi weniweni (kuchokera ku mawu oti "nyumba"). Mu nyumba iliyonse yotereyi panali kachisi. Dzina limeneli linaphatikizapo mbali ya kachisi, yomwe ili pambali pa guwa la nsembe. Zithunzizo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pano. Nthawi zina, kachisi mwiniyo amatchedwa kachisi. Nthaŵi zambiri, nyumbazi zinali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Komabe, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza ndi nyumba zapamwamba.

Zakafukufuku za m'mabwinja a ku Russia

Monga tanena kale, umboni wazinthu ndi zolembedwera, zomwe zimalola munthu kuweruza momwe nyumba zachipembedzo cha Slavic zoperekedwa kwa milungu ina zimawoneka ngati, zinali zochepa kwambiri. Zolemba zakale kwambiri zotchuka zakale ndi akachisi a Kiev ndi a Persian Slavic. Chomaliza chinali choperekedwa kwa mulungu wa Aslav wa nkhondo Perun. Analilenga pa malamulo a Prince Vladimir panthawi ya kusintha kwachikunja mu 980. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale analephera kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Cholingacho chinali pafupi ndi nsanja yozungulira yozungulira mamita 21. Ulendowu unkakhala mtsinje waukulu kwambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe amenewa monga kachisi wakale ku Kiev, apa, pafupifupi palibe zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa. Ndiponsotu, gawo limene lilipo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka mazana ambiri. Ndipo sizingatheke kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zili m'zipembedzo zakale zikanapulumuka ku likulu la dziko lachikhristu.

Milungu ya Aslavic

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti kachisiyo, kwenikweni, ndi kachisi wachikunja, ali panja kapena akuimira nyumba yachipembedzo. Ponena za phunziro lenileni la kupembedza kwa iwo omwe anachezera malo opatulika akale - milungu ya Aslavic, ndiye kuti sakudziwika pang'ono za iwo. Panthawi ya kukonzanso kwa Prince Vladimir, Dazhdbog, Khors, Stribog, Makosh ndi Semargl, motsogoleredwa ndi Perun, adakhala m'gulu la milungu yambiri. Mafano awo anaima pafupi ndi nyumba za kalonga pamapiri a Kiev. Asilavo a Kummawa makamaka olemekezeka komanso mulungu wina - Veles. Mu "Zaka Zakale za Bygone", pambali pa milungu iyi, ena amatchulidwa: Lada, Kupala, Kolyada, Povzdiz.

Zithunzi za Aslavic

Zithunzi za Aslavic zinali zizindikiro za matabwa pafupifupi mamita awiri mpaka 2,5.5 pamtunda, phokosoli likhoza kukhala lozungulira kapena quadrangular. Mu dzanja lake lamanja, Mulungu akhoza kugwira lupanga, mphete kapena lipenga. Nthawi zina manja a mulungu ankadutsa pachifuwa. Nthawi yoyenera inali pafupi kumanzere. Malembo ena amatchula kukhalapo kwa mafano opangidwa ndi zipangizo zina - zamkuwa, marble, golide kapena siliva. Anapeza akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale komanso mafano osema miyala.

Malo opatulika

Mchitidwe wa miyambo yachikunja umadalira makamaka kusankha chisankhulidwe choyankhulana ndi mphamvu zachirengedwe. Muzochitika zilizonse zomwe zinachitika pa izi kapena nthawi ya chaka, achikunja adawona chifuniro chopatulika cha mphamvu zakuthambo. Choncho, Asilavo ali ndi dongosolo lolemekezeka la malo opatulika osiyanasiyana - mitengo, mitengo, miyala, akasupe, nyanja, mathithi, ndi zina zotero.

Choncho, kachisi ndi malo omwe miyambo yoperekedwa kwa milungu yachikunja inkachitidwa. Nyumba zakale izi, zomwe zidapulumukabe mpaka lero, zakhala ziwonetsero za mipingo yamakono. Makamaka ochita kafukufuku ena amanena kuti mipingo ya Orthodox yambiri, komanso makina octagon, ali ndi mizu yachikunja yakale.