Gulu la madera amene ali oopsa pa PUE. Cholinga cha gulu la moto kapena kuphulika mabacteria ngozi

Koopsa amazionera kuphulika ndi moto, malo m'dera ndi mafakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu malo. Apa m'mikhalidwe opaleshoni muyezo mu chikhalidwe cha kusakanizikana mpweya flammable kapena nthunzi. Gawo Special m'madera woopsawo kudziwa mtundu wa zamagetsi ndi zina. Ndipo kusankha mlingo wa chitetezo ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kukhudzana ndi kusakaniza mafuta mpweya nsakali makina ndi zipangizo. zonsezi ndi zogwirizana okha chitetezo mabuku ntchito zinthu zachilendo. Ponena za yangozi, njira yaikulu asachite zili zopanda phindu.

The zizindikiro zazikulu za kuopsa

Nthawi zambiri, poyatsira ali akamagwira ntchito mogwirizana kwa zinthu zitatu izi:

• mafuta kupezeka kugwirizana nthunzi, fumbi, kapena gasi;
• mpweya zili mu mlengalenga;
• igniter, akuwuka pa kupanga ndondomeko.

Gulu flammable ndi zachiwawa mabacteria - delineate malire ndende ya malire m'munsi ndi chapamwamba poyatsira. Komanso, kugawana malo pa mlingo wa ngozi, amene amakhala ndi magawo ena. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Kutentha pakhomo zokwanira poyatsira.
2. Liwiro kuyaka ndi lawi kafalitsidwe.
3. Kuchuluka zing'onozing'ono mpweya, zikubweretsa kutupa.
4. The tilinazo zigawo zikuluzikulu panopa mikangano ndi kugwedera.

ngoziyi kunachititsa gulu la kuphulika ndi mantha zotsatira patsogolo yoweyula. Moto umenewu unakula ndipo malingana ndi liwiro la wawononga kulankhulana, zomangamanga, mphamvu mzere. wovulala mphamvu ndipo amathandiza kuti zikamera wa mpukutu umuna koopsa moyo wa munthu, amasulidwe zinthu zoipa ndi poizoni kuipitsa chilengedwe.

Lingaliro la magawo

Gawo mabacteria zachiwawa Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro siyana m'mlengalenga ndi wokonzeka yatsoka kuphulika kwa kukhudzana ndi mphanvu kapena Arc. m'dera woopsawo m'menemo amaonedwa monga zosakaniza zingakhale zachiwawa mawu a akonzedwa danga umodzi kugwirizana ndi mikhalidwe kupanga. Pankhaniyi osiyana poyatsira kutentha gulu amaona mmene kukhudzana ndi pamwamba otentha. Aliyense mpweya, nthunzi kapena fumbi kuyaka zinthu amakhazikitsa malire autoignition kutentha. Pakuti kupambana kwake, lawi maonekedwe.

Gulu la malo a moto chiopsezo

madera amene ali oopsa kwa firefighting nkhani anawagawa m'magulu awa:

• Akutsutsa P-ine. Tanthauzo m'munda ndi ndende ya zakumwa flammable ndi malire chizindikiro flashpoint pamwamba 61 ° C.
• Mabacteria II-II. madera awo olekanitsidwa ndi okhutira mkulu ulusi mu mlengalenga ndi chikhalidwe mafuta fumbi sayansi.
• Magawo P-IIa. Gawo awo a m'madera woopsawo anafotokoza kuti malo olimba flammable zipangizo ndi moto kuthamanga yeniyeni oposa 1 MJ pa 1 m2.
• Mabacteria II-III. Kodi kumbuyo makoma a chipinda nawo kusungidwa mu zolimba kuyaka, madzi ndi madzimadzi zachiwawa zosakaniza gaseous.

Gulu la madera amene ali oopsa monga FZ 123

Mtundu uwu wa gulu wapangidwa malingana ndi nthawi ya kukhalapo kwa zosakaniza zoopsa m'nyumba ndi pafupipafupi zosayembekezereka wa woipa ofanana:

1. Zero kalasi. Poganizira chipinda ndi zikamera zonse osakaniza kuyaka mu ola limodzi.
2. Choyamba kalasi. Pamafunikanso mipando kupatukana ndondomeko mu mode yachibadwa nthunzi mosavuta kuyaka ndi mpweya, ndi mpweya kupanga nyimbo woopsawo.
3. A m'kalasi yachiwiri. Chizindikiro dera popanda kumasuka mpweya woopsawo, nthuzi ndi olimba fumbi mtambo ndi ndondomeko muyezo kupanga. Koma pali ngozi woipa awo zowopsa ngozi.
4. maofesi kalasi makumi awiri. Imakhala nthawi zonse otsika ndende zosafunika woopsawo mu mlengalenga ndi malire otsika poyatsira.
5. kalasi makumi awiri oyamba. Zalongosoledwa malo ndi kulekana mu ndondomeko kupanga particles inaimitsidwa fumbi kapena fibrous zedi woopsawo.

Njira kudziwa zizindikiro zolimbana kudziwa chipinda kalasi ndi malamulo mu mapepala ndi specifications luso chitetezo moto.

Kupatukana m'madera pa PUE

Gulu la madera amene ali oopsa kwa zizindikiro magetsi zikuphatikizapo gulu zotsatirazi malo kwa:

• Maphunziro B-1. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro limafotokoza kumadera kumene kuli watulutsa a m'nyanjazi kuyaka ndalama moti mlengalenga aumbike zosakaniza zachiwawa mu ndondomeko yachibadwa kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kukonza zida kapena kusintha kwa zipangizo.
• Maphunziro B-1a. Mu osuta ndi kupanga mkombero wabwinobwino ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu si owopsa kuyaka allocated. maonekedwe awo amagwirizana yekha ndi zosayembekezereka wa zochitika mwadzidzidzi.
• Maphunziro B-1b. Kumagwirizanitsa zone ili m'madera zinthu woopsawo akumasulidwa okha kuwonongeka. Choncho iwo ndi Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala fungo, otsika malire poyatsira anaikira mu nsonga kwa mbewu.
• Maphunziro B-1g. Lili mndandanda wa malo kunja m'dera. gulu simaphatikiza compressors amoniya kusankha mndandanda wa zida.
• The gulu II. Wapamwamba ndi ejection danga panthawi yopanga lalikulu zedi fumbi kuyaka ndi ulusi angathe kupanga osakaniza ndi mpweya, zikubweretsa kuphulika ndi.
• Mu Maphunziro-IIa. Limafotokoza imene inaphulika zinthu ngozi anafotokoza mu kalasi m'mbuyomu, pa ntchito yachibadwa ya zida sanalembedwepo. umuna awo zimatheka pamene ngozi kapena kuwonongeka kwa chida cha.

Zone mamita asanu kuchokera makina kapena chipangizo, horizontally ndi vertically, amene ali oopsa kwa maganizo a moto kapena dera kuphulika, kupanga chimafuna munthu lawi lotseguka kapena mbali otentha gulu zachiwawa ndi moto ngozi n'kupita kwa SAE saganizira monga zipinda mwadzidzidzi. gulu lawo chinkhoswe mu gulu la nyumba malinga ndi luso ntchito pa siteji iyi ya ulimi. Zone mu masitolo ndi malo amene gaseous, madzi ndi olimba zipangizo ntchito magetsi, natenthedwa boilers kapena kuwataya ndi moto, osati kuti anali malo oopsa. Ndipo gulu la madera amene ali oopsa pa PUE iwo ndi wosayenera.

Kulekana kwa NBA mabacteria ndi

Woopsawo malo kuti gulu mabacteria flammable ndi zachiwawa amatanthauza gulu "A", kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osiyana ndi malire poyatsira a osati kuposa 28 ° C kapena ejection. Kuthamanga yoweyula si oposa 5 kPa. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito ku masitolo, amene zigawo za zachiwawa ndi. Amayambitsa kung'anima pamene anakumana ndi khwimbi mpweya.

Malo a gulu "B", yodziwika ndi ntchito mu ndondomeko kupanga kapena combustibles umuna wa fumbi ndi ulusi. Chawo chololera poyatsira limapezekanso pa kutentha pamwamba 28 ° C. mantha yoweyula kuthamanga chizindikiro mu Zikatero ndiye oposa 5 kPa.

Njira kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa m'madera woopsawo

mabacteria gulu zachiwawa ndi SAE Standard monga initiators mwadzidzidzi kuganizira zinthu payekha, monga formulations nthunzi, gasi ndi fumbi kukhudzana ndi khwimbi mpweya kapena kucheza ndi mnzake mu zovuta ndi. Maphunziro kapena gulu malo malingana ndi mtundu ataphimbidwa ndi lawi kapena zigawo otentha, n'zotheka zosayembekezereka ya kukha magetsi tikutuluka zochita kutentha mankhwala, makina kugwedera ndi mantha, anagwa mtengo nsakali, cheza dzuwa, osiyanasiyana cheza.

Pali dongosolo yapadera ya chilengedwe luso pofuna kuchepetsa n'zotheka zikuphulika ndipo moto kuntchito. ntchito zawo n'zochokera pa njira sayansi kuphunzira khalidwe la zipangizo ndi zinthu mu ndondomeko ya kung'anima ndi kuyaka. Kuchepetsa zinthu ngozi zochitika zotsatirazi akutsatiridwa masitolo yopanga, malo ndi zina:

1. kafukufuku anatengedwa nthawi zonse kudziwa zikuchokera mankhwala malo ozungulira.
2. Ntchito zida amusankha kutenga nkhani kusindikiza, ndi kuteteza.
3. The zigawo zikuluzikulu kuyaka ya mpweya ndi linanena bungwe kudzera mpweya wabwino amakakamizidwa.
4. Woopsawo zinthu zikuchokera atachotsedwa munda wa zotheka moto.

Olemba zida, kuphulika-umboni malinga ndi GOST

zipangizo zambiri ntchito zinthu pamene ena zinthu angathe poyatsira, mu mlengalenga ozungulira chipangizo. Pofuna kupewa galimoto ngozi chifukwa cha kulankhula arcing, mbali Kutentha ndi nyumba, iwo kulenga pamlingo winawake chitetezo. Gulu ndi olemba a m'madera woopsawo kuphulika-umboni zida kulola zovuta kuonetsetsa kugwira bwino ntchito makina, zipangizo, ng'anjo ndi zina zipangizo mu zipinda za osiyanasiyana yogonana.

Magulu kuphulika-umboni zamagetsi

Ndi 1 gulu kumaphatikizapo chithunzithunzi ntchito m'migodi mobisa, mabomba, nyumba pa nthaka, ntchito mpweya oopsa kapena misa kuyaka fumbi. Gulu II zikuphatikizapo zamagetsi ndi kuwateteza ntchito m'nyumba kapena panja. Mozama mu chilengedwe zingakhale kuphulika, koma osati mu zinthu zomwezo anafotokoza kuti gulu loyamba la zipangizo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zipangizo mafakitale cholinga ambiri.

amafuna chitetezo pa zipangizo zonse ndi zipangizo kwa mabomba ndi malamulo ndi GOST R.51330.9-99. Gulu la madera amene ali oopsa Mzimuyo mtundu wa makina ndi zipangizo ndi zida aliyense chipinda. amafuna chinafotokoza ndi kulemekeza pomanga mfundo thupi, kuyambira chingwe madzi, polumikiza ndi kukonza zinthu, kusindikiza ndi kutseka zipangizo. Olemba malinga ndi zina gulu ntchito mbali ya nyumba ndi zowoneka loonetsa. Utoto ntchito kwake ndi kulimbikira ndi kuukira mankhwala.

Kulemba zida

Pakuti unsembe m'madera loopsali makina nambveka akuti:

• Mlingo wa chitetezo chipangizo magetsi kuchokera kuphulika lapansi.
• Correspondences wokwera chipangizo muyezo lonse.
• Kuti zimene zimadetsa nkhawa mtundu zida chitetezo (i inu, N, Q, D, m, e, neri Al.). Kwa gulu ndiyenera zikuonetsa subspecies (ia, ib, ic).
• Gulu la kutentha.
• Anaika lita imodzi - X kapena U chikuimira, motero, polenga zinthu zapadera kapena ntchito ya chigawo Eks.

Zimafunika kusankha zamagetsi

zamagetsi, makamaka ku madera sparking ndi mayunitsi, onse Mzimuyo gulu la madera amene ali oopsa, wokwera kunja malo oopsa ngati zilibe zikuphatikizapo ndalama zosafunika ndi muyeso, sayambitsa mavuto. Ngati zipangizo amenewa anafuna kuti ntchito zokambirana zingakhale zachiwawa, ndiye kuti unsembe wawo ndi kusankha zofunikira zina. Pamene ntchito mu malo oipa a zone mafakitale ntchito zida za magetsi zosiyanasiyana magetsi, kuunikira okha milandu kumene kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu malo awa chifukwa kufunika.

Zida ili mu zone ya kuchuluka chikoka aukali ya misa fumbi mpweya, chinyezi kutetezedwa, monga gulu la zoni zachiwawa PUE, izi yogwira initiators mwadzidzidzi. Tumizani kuti wokwera mapangidwe panja, ayenera isagwe asatengere mumlengalenga, chinyontho ndi icing. Ngati galimoto magetsi amagwira ntchito kutetezeredwa zoti "E," izo amaloledwa kuvala yekha pa zida momwe Samva Phokoso ndi accelerations. zipangizozi magetsi ndiotetezedwa mwa unsembe wa kulandirana wina ndi kuzimitsa vuto la kutenthedwa.

zamagetsi anafuna kuti ntchito mu malo panopa, zingakhale kuikidwa m'nyumba ziriri ndi magawo amenewa kapena ndi akalozera ang'onoang'ono. Musati kukhazikitsa mu malo ndi ndewu. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa zida kupereka kuchotsa kuthamanga chipolopolo, dongosolo mpweya zoti ndi zipangizo kulamulira. Pankhaniyi, unsembe zichitike mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za GOST mwachindunji makina:

1. Polenga maenje kwa maziko iwo alibe kuonekera m'madera kukometsa ndi zinthu kuyaka oyaka popanda kuthekera kwa kuwomba.
2. Mapaipi kutsogolera mu otaya mpweya misa kukolezera wokwera kunja malo oopsa.
3. mapaipi ofanana imachitika pansi pansi, ngati dongosolo lawo kutetezedwa motsutsa ingress zipangizo kuyaka.
4. Pamene unit mpweya Gwiritsani kokhako kuti kutchulidwa malangizo unsembe, ntchito zina sikuloledwa.

makina magetsi, imene ntchito amaperekedwa zakumwa wochuluka ndi zinthu pano ndi ndime panopa zololedwa mu pakalibe mantha mawotchi ndi kugwedera, kulola mafuta akukhavukira.

Indicators kusankha makina magetsi

Gulu la madera amene ali oopsa, malinga ndi malamulo a unsembe za magetsi magetsi mu zone ya ulimi oopsa, voteji malire amapereka 10 kW. A mlingo wa chitetezo flammability malinga ndi GOST 17494-1987, kuuzenga mfundo apamwamba. Ngati munthu mayunitsi structural zida ndi magawo chitetezo zosiyanasiyana magawanidwe atsimikiziridwa malinga ndi magome.

Pamene khazikitsa zida m'dera la Category B-ine, B-I, n'kupita B-II gulu zachiwawa GOST nthawi magetsi unsembe kunja malo owopsa kwa osamva fireproof khoma ndi TACHIMATA ndi moto kukana sali wamkulu kuposa 0,75 H Chipinda amaperekedwa. yopuma mwadzidzidzi kuchoka ndi m'zigawo mpweya anachita distillation mphamvu mpweya voliyumu mu chipinda kwa kasanu pa ola ntchito. Khoma actuator anagonjetsa kudzera England chisindikizo.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti ntchito m'madera moto ndipo woopsawo sakhala wowopsa ndipo sayambitsa ngozi ngati pa kayendetsedwe ka gulu ndi nkhawa kusunga malamulo onse ndi malamulo a unsembe wa zipangizo unsembe m'magulu mabacteria amenewa. Choyamba zinthu zonse ndi kukhala patsogolo pa moyo extension kuteteza m'madipatimenti umoyo ndi ntchito.