India m'zaka 19: mapu, chikhalidwe ndi chuma cha dziko. India anali Kodi m'zaka 19?

India m'zaka za m'ma 19, kukhala chiphona njuchi la England pang'ono, zikuwavuta kulolera komanso otsutsana ndondomeko ya Europeanization monga zomwe ndi ubwino Western chitukuko zoipa mizu padziko lapansi lino, monga, mwamwayi, ndipo pafupifupi onse zolakwa. Amwenye sanatenge malamulo atsopano, monga wokondedwa kwambiri chikhalidwe chake chachikulu ndi njira mwambo wa moyo.

yogonjetsa

The British anali pachangu palibe - pafupifupi zana zapitazo anawatenga kupita India m'zaka za m'ma 19, kwathunthu mosatsata boma ufulu. Komabe, England nkomwe anavutika zomvetsa anagonjetsa dziko kunachitidwa manja sepoys - asilikali Indian mu utumiki wa British.

Otsiriza napereka Punjab - boma analengedwa ndi lalikulu Maharaja (Prince) Singh. Ngakhale Maharaj anali moyo, kuima mwamphamvu, ndi imfa yake mu 1837, akuluakulu a boma amalephera yemweyo manja amphamvu. State ndisungunuka nakhala zosavuta nyama kwa British. Ang'onoang'ono ulamuliro kuchokera centralized, ndi kudziwa kuti India m'zaka 19. Map limasonyeza bwino kwambiri anali kugawikana kwa dziko.

Yankho anali kulamulira a kugalukira, chimene chinakhalapo zaka ziwiri (1857-1859), ndiyeno kwathunthu recouped kutukuka England - anthu kwenikweni anamira mu magazi. Kachiwiri, anatenga pafupifupi zaka ufulu. Komanso, India m'zaka za m'ma 19, pambuyo yimitsira a kugalukira osankhidwa njira mtendere wa nkhondo, amene ali kuposa kale ano.

Features yogonjetsa

India m'zaka za m'ma 19, ngati dziko lina lililonse, ndi kudziwa anagonjetsa British. Komabe, ife anasinthira, ndi moyo ndi zachuma mu dziko latsopano. Monga Normandy kukhala English kapena Manchu - Chinese, atsopano anakhala m'gulu la anthu Indian.

The British monga agonjetsi zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu m'mbuyomo. Pakati pa iwo ndi madera anagonjetsa inali kwenikweni kusiyana - ngati chikhalidwe cha India m'zaka 19 osiyana chikhalidwe cha England, ndi njira ya moyo, mfundo, miyambo ndi makhalidwe.

mbadwa British poyera wonyozedwa, sanalowe mu dziko latsopano, ndipo sanalole Amwenye wake. Ngakhale losavuta a alimi ndi ogwira ntchito, kukhazikika mu India, akhala n'chinthu chofunikira kalasi apamwamba akulamulira. Palibe okha chidani ndicho.

The British anabwera ndi kumadzulo bizinesi ndi boma kulamulira mtundu. Mbali yoyamba - ufulu ntchito lachiwiri - kasamalidwe kake maukulu yaing'ono ang'onoang'ono m'manja mwa makonzedwe yake atsamunda.

cholanda njuchi

India m'zaka 19 anali wachifundo, koma dziko wolemera kwambiri. Chuma Indian Raja mosalekeza otaya anasambira ku England. Dalitso mu yodzibisa - ichi ndi caloric zodzoladzola asamalidwe mafakitale zisinthe mu England.

Koyamba mwachindunji atsamunda zofunkha pang'onopang'ono kukhala achilungamo: ndi East India Company kuti amavula dziko misonkho khungu. India kuyambira nthawi yakale malonda ndi dziko, tsopano ndi katundu Indian kupita ku Ulaya sanali, koma ku British - Indian othodwa maalumali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko lonse makampani nsalu ya dziko yafika kanthu, amisiri ntchito.

chuma India a m'nthawi ya 19 kuti anthu linali pafupi kutha. Zikwi ndi amwenye anafa ndi njala, chimene mu mmasate a kazembe anati: "Mafupa a weavers onse lili m'chipululu cha India ..." The umoyo wa England, kulemera kwake m'zaka 19 - kotheratu chifukwa cha kuba anthu a India.

wotchuka kugalukira

Chisauko cha anthu wamba ku India kuchulukitsa osati kuchokera masuku pamutu ndi chiwawa. Ananyozedwa nkhanza za British poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'deralo kupitirira chochepa cha anthu. Pamene iye anapita pokonzekera mankhwala zachiwawa Ahindu ndi Asilamu chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu, agonjetsi kusakhutira peaked.

Tsopano udani anakumbatira osati weavers osauka, koma ambiri a m'deralo apamwamba ang'onoang'ono, amene anali kwambiri watsankho ufulu wa boma la chitsamunda ndipo chinaperekedwa kwa looting kwambiri. Sepoys - Indian asilikali utumiki wa British - komanso anapanduka mu May 1857 kupha asilikali a ku Britain ndi kulanda Delhi.

Choncho anayamba kugalukira yotchuka wokhawokha lonse la North ndi mbali yaikulu ku Central India. English zaka ziwiri kenako Movutikira mulembe kupanduka. Ang'onoang'ono India sanali angathe kuzikwatula chigonjetso ku capitalist England. Pacified dziko chiri choyipa: chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu anazunzidwa ndi mfuti. mitengo msewu anali paliponse zokoloweka. Midzi unatenthedwa, pamodzi ndi anthu ake onse. Pambuyo mavuto awa, mgwirizano pakati pa India ndi England zimavuta konse kukhala wopanda mitambo.

vuto la zachuma

India mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kukhala England misika komanso magwero a zipangizo msika. Latha katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko ku India ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti si ofunika ponena, ndipo adali onse apamwamba kuposa chofunika. Koma kwathunthu zimagulitsidwa: tirigu, mpunga, thonje, jute, tiyi, enaake. Anali kunja monga: mipando, mankhwala anapanga za silika, ubweya ndi zikopa, mafuta, galasi mpirawu ndi kukhalabe yaitali, mndandanda wautali.

Kupambana yaikulu ya British ku India - ndi kwambiri za chilungamo. Ngongole pansi pa chidwi draconian. Choncho wakhala ndalama zoyesayesa za anagonjetsa maiko oyandikana, monga Afghanistan. Kulipira ngongole izi, ndithudi, komanso ali osauka njala Indian wamba.

capitalists British padera mu processing m'dera la zipangizo ntchito yomanga njanji, makampani jute mu tiyi m'minda ya khofi, nzimbe, mphira.

Komabe, ulimi anali ofooka kotero kuti dziko sankakhoza ngakhale kudyetsa ndekha. Njala ndi matenda recurred pafupifupi chaka. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 1851 mpaka 1900 mulungu njala, imene akufa m'dera lonse analembedwa nthawi 24. Vutoli British yekha, landlords ndi wobwereketsayo - "zauve troika", monga anawaitana anthu.

Indian Chitsitsimutso

nkhondo wosatha ndi kukula atsamunda sadamvere lalikulu Indian chikhalidwe: kuchepa adadza, zomangamanga, ndiponso kupenta, onse Tirhana na Timatheriyali onse. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti English ndi kwathunthu osavomerezeka ndi sindikumvetsa kufunika chikhalidwe Indian Choncho, sanachite kuwonjezeka mu mlingo wake. Ndi chisamaliro cha British India (1947), pafupifupi nainte peresenti ya anthu anali osaphunzira konse.

Komabe, chikhalidwe dziko, monga nyimbo "Kodi zisokoneze, Usaphe." Amenewa anali India m'zaka 19. Kubwera mu kukhudzana ndi Western, chikhalidwe Indian anayamba kusintha kwambiri. Izi zapangitsa makamaka anakhudzidwa chipembedzo.

wophunzitsa kwambiri

Bambo wa India ano, monga iwo amachitcha m'dziko lake, Ram Mohan Roy, wokonzanso otchuka ndi maonekedwe onse, chiyambi ndi theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, anali mwana wa Bramini a. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikhoza moyo wake wonse "ngati kumwamba" - mu mtendere, chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe. Koma pa zokambirana lokoma ndi milungu anabwera padziko lapansi - kubzala mbewu ya chidziwitso ndi kusamalira majeremusi zakukhosi, mu mawu a Rabindranath Tagore.