Igor Grabar, ndi kupenta "wamchisanu" - imodzi yabwino Russian kupenta malo

Mu Soviet Union, aliyense anadziwa amene Igor Grabar. Chithunzi «The March Snow" ankadziwa kuchokera m'mabuku. Apadera Russian wojambula, wotchuka wakukubwezera ndi luso luso mphoto kwa monograph ziwiri buku za Ile Repine Stalin Prize, Igor Emmanuilovich ankakondedwa ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa wapadera ndipo kwambiri mitunda wokongola zachilengedwe Russian.

Russian wojambula, anabadwa kunja

bambo ake anali membala wa ku Austria yamalamulo, kotero tsogolo wanzeru woimba zachilengedwe Russian Grabar (chithunzi "The February azure" - chitsimikizo momveka) anabadwira ku Budapest. Iye anabatizidwa mu Mpingo Orthodox, ndipo godfather wake anali malume wake wa wotchuka Russian wojambula Kustodiev, amene anadzakhala kulemba wotchuka chithunzi Igorya Emmanuilovicha. Mu 1880 Olga Grabar abweletsa mwana wake mu Russia. sekondale, anapezeka m'chigawo Yegorievsk Ryazan. Lotsatira anali golide Mendulo maphunziro mu Moscow Lyceum Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (1889), mphamvu ya Chilamulo cha St. Petersburg University, anamaliza mu 1893, ndi kusankha bizinesi yaikulu ya moyo wake. I. E. Grabar, amene chithunzi "Balustrade" (1901) ananena za iye monga luso ndi choyambirira ambuye, kukhala wojambula. Mu masiku a moyo wa St. Petersburg, anapita ku situdiyo ya Ili Repina, amene anakhala fano lake moyo, pamodzi ndi Andrei Rublev. Ndi iye nthawi yomweyo mu Russian Imperial Academy of Tirhana anaphunzira Malyavin, Bilibin, Somov.

kukhala

Mu 1895, wojambula anapita Italy ndipo kenako mu Europe. Mu Russia Grabar anabwerera mu 1901, ndi chilengedwe chokongola Russian lidzatsegulidwa pamaso pake mu kuwala kwatsopano. Chifukwa wojambula ake mantha anayesa kusonyeza zojambula ochepa - "White Zima", "" March Snow ".

"February azure"

Chochitika anali chinsalu lomwe mu 1904 analemba Igor Grabar - ". February lazuli" Chithunzi ladzala ndi ndakatulo wapadera, amene zikumveka ndakatulo ya Boris Pasternak, "February. Pezani inki ndi kulira! Lemba la izo, ndinkangodziona. " Ndipo Grabar analemba kupenta akenso zachiwawa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zojambula kwambiri kuzindikira ndi - mmodzi wa zojambula amene analenga wolemba wake dzina mwini. chithunzicho chinali kutikonda kwambiri ntchito imeneyi akunena dzuwa, yozizira tsiku, ngakhale mu dela la mzinda. Chimwemwe chomwe chimadzaza cithunzithunzi, ankakonda mpweya pang'ono masika.

Iye anajambula mwaluso wake mu wojambula Dugino. Kusamutsa ndi mitengo mtunda m'chizimezime, ndi yaikulu Unyinji wa mpweya ndi thambo azure, Grabar kusankha mbali ngati pang'ono pansipa, zimene anakumba ngalande mu chisanu kwambiri, ndipo adaika easel. chithunzicho kuti ngati iye akhoze osachepera mbali ya kukongola zimene amaona, kupeza chinsalu chachikulu.

The chithumwa pachithunzipa ndi wapadera. mitengo amawonetsa kuvina mozungulila ndi chapakati birch mtengo wojambula lapamtima. chithunzi kukula - 104 masentimita kutalika ndi masentimita 80 m'lifupi. Izo zinali zabwino kuti yomweyo anapindula Council wa Tretyakov Gallery. ntchito imeneyi, ndipo lero ndi imodzi mwa katswiri waukulu. Mwina zidzawonjezedwa kuti ukonde ndi pakati pa zana zithunzi zabwino za dziko.

Zima, dzuwa, birch, chisanu ...

Wina mwaluso kuti analenga Grabar - "Rime", chithunzi mu 1905. Ngati iye analemba yekha, izo zikanakhoza akhalabe kukumbukira mibadwomibadwo, ndipo mu mabuku pa kupenta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zojambula zina, zomwe si aliyense osayanjanitsika. Iwo amakondwerera kukongola ndi wapadera chikhalidwe wapadera wa Russia ndi palokha ikusonyeza zimene waukulu Russian kupenta.

Ambiri ankakonda kujambula Grabar yozizira, makamaka chisanu. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ndi kuchoka kwa dzinja malo kwambiri kutaya. Ataona mitengo yokutidwa ndi chisanu, pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ndi m'zonse pali poyerekeza ndi nthano kuti: "Mitengo yonse mu chisanu, ngati siliva, ngati nthano zodabwitsa tsopano pabwalo ..." Ndipo aliyense amadziwa ndakatulo Esenin wa birch siliva. kukongola zonse zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe, mwambowu ambiri a akuyimba kwambiri, umaonekera mankhwala apadera. Grabar, chithunzi cha amene ali wodzipereka kwa yozizira chisanu utoto kuti "moyo wodabwitsa kuwala." Iye amakhulupilira kuti chikhalidwe pali mphindi zochepa kwambiri polyphonic monga chisanu, ntsiku ya dzuwa, ndi iwo ali kufupika kwambiri. Kuyatsa amasintha nthawi zonse, kupanga latsopano ziwembu wapadera mtundu.

adayitana nthambi yokutidwa ndi chisanu, diamondi zingwe, wothwanima ndi mitundu yonse mu "kumwamba nofeki enamel." Pa nsalu ya kukula kwa 122,4 × 160,3 tatchulazi anadutsa ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena, kuti mitunda yozizira I. Grabar - yabwino zaluso Russian, makamaka "Rime". Zima, ntsiku ya dzuwa, wokongola birch, chizindikiro cha Russia ndi chikhalidwe Russian, wamtali, zobiriwira masamba, siliva ndi monga kulira. nthambi kuponyedwa pa chisanu buluu, wabuluu, mithunzi wofiirira. Belle kusangalala ndi kunyadira kukongola kwawo. Mu ntchito zonsezi zachilendo, iye zosayembekezereka ndi Ndimagoma kum'patsa. Mafuta zojambula, ang'ono fractional zikwapu (divisionism) chithunzi amakakamizidwa kulankhula za wolemba monga woyambitsa wa impressionism Russian. lona amasungidwa mu Yaroslavl Art Museum.

Mu Grabar zithunzi zosiyanasiyana ndi dzina ili, ndipo iwo onse zabwino kwambiri, koma ntchito mu 1905 aposa ena. Mwamsanga pamene birch aliyense wotchedwa Grabar, zimene sanali kufanana. Ambiri Mwachidziwikire, zimagwirizana ndi tanthauzo la "mtengo zauzimu."

"... Yesenin chiwembu, pafupifupi m'Baibulo ..."

Wina chithunzi cha wojambula analengedwa ndi malamulo onse a Impressionism. Izi zatchulidwazi "March Snow" mu 1904. Pano, monga awiri zojambula yapita, atamandidwe kwanthawizonse anagonjetsa moyo wa wojambula chisanu pansi pano. Izi zinasonyeza mithunzi ya chikhalidwe ozungulira, sipangakhalenso kudzera mwa mithunzi yonse ya nsaru Lilac. Chinyengo March Russia zapita n'zosadabwitsa zolondola: ndi masika, koma chisanu si n'komwe kusungunula. Pa nthawi yomweyo thupi Ine ndinamverera kusintha kwa nyengo, ngakhale kuzizira.

Pa nsalu limasonyeza mtsikana onyamula zidebe madzi pa goli. Mwakuwoneka wamba malo kumidzi - nyumba, kale snowless mitengo, lomwe masamba posachedwapa akuthamangira mlimi amene kukulimbikitsani chisanu. Koma protagonist cha lona wa - chisanu. Iye sanali wothwanima m'nyengo yozizira, si zoyera, komabe kwambiri. Iye ali mu chithunzi Pachithunzipa amene anabalalika kwambiri mawanga chowala. Webusayiti ndi zonse wodekha. Kupenta zochepa tafotokozazi -. 80 Only × 62 masentimita ndi kusungidwa mu Tretyakov zomera.

Aliyense wokhala a dziko amadziwika malo okongola zachilengedwe Russian maburashi geniuses monga Savrasov, Vasiliev, Shishkin, Levitan. Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, Mmisiri of Russia, umene unali zoyamba ojambula zithunzi Soviet kupereka mutu aulemu "Amakwaniritsidwa Artist" woyenera anapitiriza zino yapamwamba. zabwino kwambiri wake zokongola chisanadze chosintha, koma zojambula, zinalembedwa nthawi Soviet, zawonjezeka. Woimba dzuwa frosty chisanu ndi masika oyambirira, Grabar ndi polity latsopano anakhalabe zojambulajambula kwambiri.