Hemolytic matenda. Zizindikiro, mbali matenda, mankhwala

matenda Hemolytic - ndi matenda amene amayamba ndi zosagwirizana magazi pakati pa amayi ndi ana osabadwa wa antigens osiyana. Nthawi zina zosagwirizana ndi RH china. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo ndi osiyana RH Chinthu (Mwachitsanzo, mayi - ndi ubwino wa mwana wosabadwayo - zoipa kapena mosinthanitsa). Pamene gulu zosagwirizana a magulu osiyana magazi mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo (mwachitsanzo, mayi gulu 0 (1), ndi zipatso zina zilizonse). Akhanda akhoza kuyamba matenda hemolytic ndi zina antigens magazi zosagwirizana, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Ndi chifukwa chiyani?

Hemolytic matenda akazi ndi zoipa Rhesus chinthu si zachilendo. Izi ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndi oopsa matenda. The ndondomeko ya zikamera wa Rhesus-nkhondo ndi losavuta: pa mwana wosabadwayo kwa mayi mwa antigens latuluka kufika. Poyankha, m'thupi la mayi umabala RH zake zoipa chitetezo kuwononga lotsutsa RH HIV maselo ofiira a mwanayo tsogolo, motero akuchita destructively pa chiwindi wake, ndulu, mafupa ndi ziwalo hematopoietic. Choncho, erythrocytes anawononga zimabweretsa kudzikundikira bilirubin mu zimakhala yoopsa, amene ali zotsatira poizoni pa ubongo wakhanda. RH chinthu anatsimikiza mu magazi a mwanayo ndi kale mwezi wachitatu wa chitukuko yoopsa. wake "nkhondo" ndi mayi ake kuchokera pa nthawi imeneyo ndi chiyambi.

Hemolytic matenda a ana akhanda. zizindikiro

mitundu itatu ya matenda sioneka anaphunzira kuti tsiku: edematous, icteric ndi magazi ochepa. Mawonekedwe aakulu akuti ndi edematous, pamene ana ake obadwa masiku asanakwane kapena kufa msanga pambuyo pa kubadwa. Pankhaniyi, maonekedwe a wakhanda ali ndi maonekedwe khalidwe: mwezi nkhope, waxy pallor, nthawi zina cyanosis kapena yellowness, edematous subcutaneous minofu. Pali ufulu madzimadzi mu pleural, peritoneal, cavities pericardial, nthawi zina kufinya, petechiae. Chiwindi ndi ndulu zikuluzikulu mwana. M'magazi, kuchepa maselo ofiira ndi hemoglobin, komanso leukocytosis, erythroblastosis, reticulocytosis.

Hemolytic neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo ali ofatsa, odziletsa kuti kwambiri. Iwo amakhala matenda a chikasu ndiyo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kapena maola angapo. Komabe, ngakhale amniotic madzimadzi akhoza akuda chikasu. Hemolytic matenda a chikasu ndiyo mwa mwanayo amakula msanga kwambiri, kumaonjezera chiwindi ndi ndulu, pali chizolowezi magazi. ana awa amabadwa lethargic, zoipa akuyamwitsa bere, ndi bongo thupi onse angathe kuchepetsedwa. M'magazi kumawonjezera mlingo bilirubin ndi wachitatu tsiku lachisanu umalandira pazipita ake. Ngati panthawi ino mwana si ankachitira, kukhala kernicterus. Zikuoneka intracranial oopsa, kupweteka zimandilimbikitsa, khosi stiffness, kugwedeza ya nthambi. Khalidwe la mtundu wa matenda akuti ndi kamvekedwe ka minofu extensor manja, pamene kukula chonse hypotension.

mawonekedwe ndi magazi ochepa - izi ndi mawonetseredwe zosavuta za matenda. Pamene anaona kuwonjezeka mu chiwindi ndi ndulu, magazi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha erythrocytes ndi hemoglobin.

Hemolytic matenda a ana akhanda. chithandizo

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri zochitika zachipatala - ndi kani detoxification thupi la ana akhanda, kuchotsa ofiira mankhwala maselo kuwola, chitetezo ndi bilirubin. Zonse izi achita kuti asiye kubadwa kwa hemolysis maselo a magazi ndi mwazi wa mwana. Nthawi imeneyi mwanayo wokwanira wasonyeza kumwa, mavitamini, enterosrbenty, detoxification njira. Aakulu magazi m'thupi kumasonyeza kuti kuwombola magazi.

Pofuna kuteteza matenda hemolytic wa mankhwala amakono ali ndi kuikidwa magazi ndi zigawo zake ndi pongofuna zikuonetsa mwadzidzidzi pofuna kupewa Katemera mkazi antigens yachilendo. Pankhani ya nkhondo pakati Rhesus ndi wapezeka, iwo anavomereza, ndi kuchita zonse zotheka kuti apulumutse thanzi ndi moyo wa mwanayo.