Gustave Le Bon: yonena

Gustave Le Bon, amene mabuku adakali chidwi kwambiri kwa akatswiri a maganizo, akatswiri, azambiriyakale, ndipo ena., Kodi tikambirana tate wa zamaganizo chikhalidwe. Kuti iye anatha molondola kwambiri pofotokoza khalidwe la khamu ndi zifukwa kuchititsa misa kumvera wakhungu olamulira. Ngakhale kuti zambiri za ntchito imene analembera mu XIX atumwi, XX atumwi ankaona mmene chidwi za zotsatira zake kafukufuku. Malo ofunika kwambiri limene ntchito Gustave Le Bon - kuwerenga maganizo.

mapangidwe

Gustave Le Bon anabadwa mu Nogent-Le-Rotrou, France, mu banja zabwino. Ngakhale mutu ovuta, Lebon banja moyo modzichepetsa kwambiri popanda mwanaalirenji.

Titamaliza sukulu ya galamala, Gustav analowa University of Paris luso of Medicine. Komanso maphunziro ake chifukwa kayendedwe kawirikawiri pakati European, Asia ndi mabungwe African. Kale pa maphunziro ake pa yunivesite ya Le Bon anayamba kufalitsa nkhani wake, amene ali ovomerezeka kwa owerenga ndi chidwi mu mabwalo sayansi.

Mphatso za chitukuko cha mankhwala

Medical mchitidwe Lebon sanachite, ngakhale zopereka zake chitukuko cha mankhwala wofunika kwambiri, koma zinachitikadi makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku a sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za ntchito yake anafufuza 60 ntchentche za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, analemba nkhani za matenda zimene zimachitika anthu, kukhala m'madera achinyezi.

Zofuna ndipo zoyesayesa choyamba kumvetsa zimayambitsa khalidwe la anthu pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana

Kuwonjezera mankhwala Lebon mokondwera anaphunzira Anthropology zinthu zakale ndi Chaanthu. Kwa kanthawi ntchito monga dokotala asilikali kutsogolo. Ulendowu unali mpata kusunga ndi kuphunzira mmene anthu zinthu kwambiri zinthu. Mu 1870s oyambirira, Yehova chidwi mu kuwerenga maganizo, amene anatsimikiza malangizo tsogolo la ntchito yake.

ntchito yaikulu

Nkhani yaikulu imene ili ku ntchito unachitikira Gustave Le Bon - nzeru khamu la anthu, makhalidwe ake ndiponso zolinga zawo. The ntchito wotchuka zofunika kwambiri ndi Gustava Lebona anali m'buku lakuti "Psychology wa anthu ndi atumwiwo." Kukhala kutsogolo ndi kuwunika ambiri anthu amapatsidwa chifukwa zofunikira zake ndi pa masamba a magazini ino anatha kulankhula za mmene kudziwa zolinga za khalidwe la munthu, ndipo pa maziko a deta izi, iye anayesa kuti afotokoze zimene zimayambitsa angapo a zochitika m'mbiri. M'tsogolo linalembedwa ndi "khamu zamaganizo", amene anapambana palibe kuzindikira zochepa, kenako - ". Psychology wa Socialism"

Zingakuthandizeni kalekale

Kudzera maphunziro onse awa ndi popanga bwino mu masamba a mabuku ake mapeto a achire, ndipo Lebon sanadziwe kuti ntchito yake idzakhala maziko a mapangidwe ziphunzitso utsogoleri Nazi. Komabe, n'zomvetsa chisoni kuti mtundu wa buku kwa Adolf Hitler ndi Benito Mussolini anali "khamu zamaganizo". Gustave Le Bon, ndithudi sanayembekezere kuti adzakhala ndi limakhudza kwambiri pa kalekale. Ambiri apeza ake anatsimikizira molondola kwambiri chifukwa olamulira pamwamba kwakukulukulu akwaniritsa zolinga zake.

achibadwidwe chikomokere a khamu yopita

Kukhala makamaka atate wa zamaganizo chikhalidwe, Lebon zoyamba anayesera kufotokoza isanayambike nthawi ya kukhalapo kwa anthu, chimodzimodzi pamene misa kukhala kofunika kwambiri. Iye ankaganiza kuti kukhala pachigulu kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti munthu ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu aluntha, udindo ndi kudzudzula zinthu. M'malo mwake, tengani impso wa achibadwidwe chikomokere amene amayambitsa zovuta, koma nthawi zina wosazindikira khalidwe la misa lalikulu la anthu.

Le Bon ankakhulupirira kuti wang'ono anthu kufufuzamo m'mayiko amene anaikira chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha Métis. amphamvu kwambiri wolamulira, mwinamwake kupewa zipolowe ndiponso zipolowe kufunika States amenewa.

Chidwi mfundo anafikiridwa ndi mmene anaika zipembedzo misa. Malinga Le Bon, pamene anapatsa kapena chipembedzo, anthu anavomereza izo, koma osati kwathunthu, ndipo kokha angagwirizanitse kuti chikhulupiriro chake chakale, kuti Ndipotu, kusintha mutu ndi wokhutira, kusinthasintha luso chipembedzo miyambo. Choncho, anthu zipembedzo zimene ali "pansi" pa misa, ndi masinthidwe ambiri m'kati anatengera pakati pa anthu a mtundu.

Gustave Le Bon: khamu ndi mtsogoleri

Munthu amene ali pakati pa anthu ena ambiri onga iye, monga izo zinali, akutsikira makwerero chitukuko, mosavuta kusiya mfundo zake, pozindikira kuti akuwagwiritsa zambiri pamene iye m'khamu la anthulo. Iye sachedwa chipolowe, ntchito kwambiri, amene amasonyeza chiwopsezo kuti nkhanza ndi waukali, ndi mawonetseredwe a changu panayamba kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Nthawi zambiri, munthu m'khamu amapita kumatsutsana zofuna zawo zikhulupiriro.

Mu ntchito khamu la ntchito zothandiza kwambiri zithunzi yosavuta kumva kuti Musatenge ndi mkhutu. Akapanda kuonetsa ena zachilendo, zodabwitsa Ndipotu, mwachitsanzo, kuti chimodzi cha zozizwitsa kapena kukwaniritsa phenomenal.

Malingana ndi chiphunzitso Le Bon, atsogoleri kawirikawiri akusonyeza nambala ya anthu akuganiza, olingalira. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amakonda kuchita kuposa ena. kawirikawiri iwo tanthauzo la vuto, chifukwa imafoola chifuniro cha mtsogoleri, kumabweretsa kukaikira, ndipo pang'ono. mtsogoleri zambiri akamakonda ndi n'zaka, pafupifupi openga. Maganizo ake, benchmarks kungakhale kupusa, amisala, koma zimavuta kusiya panjira kukwaniritsa cholinga. maganizo olakwika izo Mzimu, odziwa wozunzikirapo - zinthu zokhutiritsa mtsogoleri woona. chikhulupiriro chawo mu maganizo awo, amaziona ndi okhazikika ndi osasunthika, kuti mphamvu zimene zimakhudza maganizo a anthu ena, kumaonjezera makumi khumi. Unyinji wa anthu amamvetsera ndi munthu amene amalowerera kukhalabe chifuniro mphamvu ndi kufunitsitsa. Anthu amene amapezeka mu khamu, ambiri a iwo alibe, kotero mosalingalira kukopedwa ndi munthu wamphamvu komanso wakhama.

Atsogoleri, monga mwa chiphunzitso Lebon, categorical ndi osasunthika chiwonetsero cha mphamvu. Ndi kutsimikiza izi, komanso intransigence mabuku amatha ngakhale anthu ambiri recalcitrant ndi opanduka kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo, ngakhale zosemphana ndi zofuna chenicheni cha munthuyo. Atsogoleriwo kusintha dongosolo alipo zochitika, kukakamiza ambiri kuvomereza zochita zawo ndi kuwatsatira.

Kuyambira amene anali khamu, amamuchititsa kukhala ogonjera. mawonetseredwe ake mlendo mphamvu, ali ofooka kwambiri, choncho kwathunthu Kupeleka mtsogoleri yokhala wokondwa kukhala mu malo kumvera.

Maphunziro ndi kudziwa kawirikawiri anali limodzi ndi makhalidwe a mtsogoleri, koma ngati ali, zikuoneka kuti mphumi kwa mwini. Kukhala munthu wanzeru amatipeza amakhala lililonse limatisokoneza, chifukwa ali ndi luso kufufuzanso mu zinthu, kumvetsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za anthu wamng'ono ndi mosadziwa kusasiya wake, gwiranani ulamuliro wake. N'chifukwa chake ambiri mwa atsogoleri nthawi zonse, iye anaganiza Gustave Le Bon, anali moperewera kwambiri anthu Ndipotu, kuposa zochepa kwambiri ndi mwamuna, wamkulu anali kukopa kwake pa khamu la anthu.

Kuti anali maganizo a Gustave Le Bon. Ndi malingaliro awa anapanga maziko a mabuku ziwiri zofunika kwambiri, zomwe akhala mabuku kwa olamulira mwankhanza koposa zaka mazana makumi awiri. Kumene, wasayansi sanadziwe kuti ntchito zake wotere admirers ndi otsatira.

Gustave Le Bon, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 90 mu 1931 kunyumba kwake mu mzinda wa Paris.