GR Derzhavin ode "Felitsa": Mwachidule, kufotokoza ndi kusanthula

Mu zaka 70 za m'ma XVIII, kusintha kuyambira mu mabuku Russian. Iwo akufotokoza makamaka ndakatulo kuti kuwononga mtundu cannonicalized. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amayamba Lomonosov, Mike, KHERASKOV koma Derzhavin ngati woukira anabwera kwa dziko la Mitundu. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa mtundu wanyimbo wapadera ode, umboni, ngati mosamala ndipo nthawi kuwerenga ode "Felitsa" omwe mwachidule ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

dzina ode

Felicitas ku Latin limatanthauza 'chimwemwe ". Koma izi si kokwanira. Derzhavin kuwerenga nkhani kuti Catherine Wachiwiri analemba kuti mdzukulu wake, Alexander, m'malo mwa kalonga kalonga Felitsa chlorine, amene adzapitiriza nawo mu malemba monga kanthu ngwazi. Chifukwa kuti azinyoza olemekezeka ozungulira Catherine Wachiwiri, abwenzi analangiza kuti kusindikiza ndi ode. Mmalo mwake mseru ode ichi "Felitsa". Chidule cha mankhwala yaitali akhoza mkwiyo akuluakulu. Ndipo kodi Mfumukazi kuchitira kufotokoza zoseketsa moyo wake? Makamaka chifukwa amalankhula za nkhani zofunika. Komabe, ode linasindikizidwa ndi anabweretsa misozi kutengeka wa Mfumukazi. Iye ankadziwa yemwe anali mlembi wake, ndi m'zonse kuti wachita zochuluka. Ana masiku ano chidwi sayambitsa ode "Felitsa". Chidule iwo kuwerenga kufunika ndi kukhumba.

kuyambira

Ndime khumi woyamba amatiuza za mmene kalonga, monga milungu, anasonyeza mmene ukapolo kalonga chlorine - njira kumalo kumene ilo limakula duwa popanda minga. duwa Uyu ndiye chakecho ukapolo. duwa A ikukula pa phiri lalitali, kumene adakhala ukoma. Izi nthano kalonga ndi mwana wa Khan Felice anapeka, monga zanenedwa, Mfumukazi. kotero kuti ode "Felitsa", mwachidule womwenso ntchito retelling wa Catherine II, salinso sanathe pofuna Mfumukazi. Ndime khumi chachiwiri kupempha thandizo Felitsa kuphunzira kukhala bwino chifukwa wolemba yekha ndi ofooka ndi sangathe kulimbana ndi zikhumbo za moyo.

"Mosavuta" Mfumukazi

Mu mavesi khumi yotsatira Derzhavin amalenga chifanizo ndi chitsanzo cha heroine wa ananena khalidwe lake ndi makhalidwe: kukonda pansi amayenda, chakudya losavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ndi kuyeza tsiku chizolowezi. Onsewa sanali amasiyana m'nthawi yake. Chithunzicho No mafotokozedwe opezeka (kutanthauza "Felitsa" ode). Derzhavin mwachidule izo zikusonyeza zazikulu demokalase mfumu, kuphweka, ubwanawe.

Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi Zotengera

Oterowo luso ndakatulo anayambitsanso ode, pamene ufulu kale choterechi polemba chinenero ichi salola. Kusiyana ndi zabwino Felicia pamalo ake. Wolemba ndakatulo akulemba mwa munthu woyamba, koma akunena za Prince Potemkin, amene atsogolera chomenyera pa bwalo, kumenyana, iyemwini wolamulira mwayekha, ofanana ndi Sultan. Kupita ku nkhondo, ndi kumenyana kwambiri ndipo kawirikawiri bwinobwino, anatha masiku ake maphwando kumene Gourmet chakudya, zomwe si kuwerenga, anali mbale zagolide. Kapena wakwera mu chikuku golide, limodzi ndi abwenzi, agalu, kukongola.

Musaiwale wolemba ndi A. G. Orlova (ode "Felitsa"). Derzhavin (mwachidule, tikambirana) imakamba za chikondi chake anagona kavalo. Eagles pa studs ayipanga trotters thoroughbred. Pa akavalo awo zodabwitsa Werengerani suti kudumpha. Derzhavin akukumbukira amakopeka okondedwa Orlov kuvina ndi ndewu nkhonya. Mwanjira imeneyi cheered mzimu wake.

Komanso, wolemba ndakatulo anatchula P. I. Panina, amene anathandiza Mfumukazi mu zokhumba za. Panin anakonda kusaka agalu ndi nthawi yambiri zoyenera izo, kuiwala zochita boma. Sasiya Derzhavin zambiri za courtier monga Naryshkin, amene ankasangalala usiku ndi chifukwa usiku ndi losadziwika, kukwera pamodzi Neva Mtsinje, limodzi ndi oimba zonse oketsra ndi zida tentha mthupi. Za bata ndi mtendere ku likulu akanangokhoza ndimalota za munthu wamba mu msewu, n'zovuta kupeza chakudya chake. Chabwino, kodi si kumwetulira mwamtendere zosangalatsa bwanamkubwa wamkulu Viazemsky? Iye anawerenga mu nthawi yawo yopuma wotchipa otchuka Kunena napping m'Baibulo.

Nditaona wolemba ndakatulo yekha, kuphatikizapo yekha monga ku bwalo yopapatiza cha osankhidwawo. Mu njira iyi nditaona palibe amene amadzinenera kulemba. Ode "Felitsa" (Derzhavin), mwachidule zomwe wadutsa pano, inali ntchito upainiya. Pamene Derzhavin mlandu kunyozedwa, umene masiku ano zingakuchititseni vuto, ndakatulo analoza malo akulongosola amalakwitsa, monga kuthamangitsa nkhunda mu kukweza Kapena basi kusewera makadi chitsiru cha. Anthu, mogwirizana ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi, ndi ufulu yemweyo, nthawi zonse musati amakonda kuchita nkhani yaikulu. Nkofunika osati kuthamanga kwa maloto ndi opanda pake, osati kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba ndi aulesi Musang'ung'udze pamene udzafunidwa ndalama zochitika boma. Ndipo awa anali wotchuka ndi Potemkin, Prince Vyazemsky, amene Catherine II anafotokoza nthano zake za Tsarevich Mankhwala pansi mayina Lentyag ndi Grumpy.

zolembalemba anecdote

Koma ndakatulo palibe chilango cha Mfumukazi, amene amacheza ndi anthu ndi zofooka za anthu. Ndipotu, maluso awo mu utumiki chuma cha ufumu waukulu. Izo zimasonyeza kusanthula ndakatulo Derzhavin "Felitsa". The zithunzi za ogwira ntchito phwando olemekezeka a anecdote zolembalemba. Masiku amenewo, pansi anecdote kumvetsa nkhani zenizeni za munthu weniweni, koma zaluso ankachitira lomwe lili didactic kapena satirical kamvekedwe. Ndithudi, pokumbukira mibadwo tsogolo reveler, duelist, ndi wosatopa madona munthu, ankakonda Catherine II, Alexei Orlov, aluntha Panin, sybarite, koma wopambana wankhondo Potemkin. Limafotokoza kusiya pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu osema miyala zochitika, yomwe inayamba mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II zinachitika mchikakamizo cha kusintha miyandamiyanda ku France. Osema miyala atchulidwa pa chiyambi cha ode lapansi. Koma ndinganene Derzhavina Izitu n'zovutitsa anali sanavale pathos, chikhalidwe accusatory, zinali zofewa, m'malo ankasewera.

Kodi kulenga fano la Catherine

Kudzera mwa nthano za anzeru Bakuman Felice, amene amathandiza kalonga chlorine, Derzhavin amalenga chifaniziro cha wolamulira abwino. Kodi munthu wamba limatiuza Derzhavin, asokera, amapita pambuyo zikhumbo, mmodzi kalonga akhoza kuphimba nzeru zawo zonse. Iye amanena za chilengedwe cha zigawo mu dziko zinachititsa kuti ulamuliro waukulu kwambiri kuti awo. Iye amayamikira Catherine II, zomwe zilibe manyazi anthu, kuti akamenyane ndi kuwononga ngati nkhandwe, ndi diso akhungu pa zofooka zawo. Catherine II - wodzozedwa wa Mulungu, osati Mulungu, choncho khalidwe. Anthu pa ulamuliro wa Mulungu koposa mfumu. Amatero kusanthula ndakatulo Derzhavin "Felitsa". Mfumukazi kutsatira lamulo limeneli, chifukwa - ndi mfumu otsalira. Ndipo, koma, Derzhavin anaganiza kupereka wolobodoka Council Mfumukazi: kugawa boma ku maiko, adzawalange mwa malamulo kuti palibe kusagwirizana sanali. Kuwonjezera apo, zokongola akuyerekeza ndi mkulu waluso, zikubweretsa chombo mwa nyanja ya namondwe.

Zamzere mwaulemu ndi kuwolowa manja mwa mawonekedwe a Catherine

Ndi odzipereka mavesi ambiri, koma ambiri Chofunika, kuti iye anakana "Nzeru" maudindo, "Wamkulu", "Mayi dziko", iye anapereka senators. Inde, kudzichepetsa zinali zabodza, koma izo zimawoneka bwino. Pamene kuwerenga bwinobwino, osati chabe ode, komanso ndemanga pa izo, anapezazo amenewa akutanthauzanji kusanthula ode "Felitsa" Derzhavina G. R.

Idealization wa Catherine fano

Mu gawo loyamba la ode chithunzi mfumu ndi makhalidwe yosavuta anthu ambiri chidwi kwambiri ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Kenako Derzhavin nam'tama monga States anzeru. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha mwayekha aunikiridwa, poyerekeza ndi mfumukazi amene analamulira pamaso, kawirikawiri kwambiri mbuli ndiponso wankhanza. Mu gawo lachitatu ndi womaliza, olengedwa m'chifanizo cha mkulu kuuluka pa anthu ake nzeru zapamwamba amene kwambiri kuganizira za tsogolo la boma ndi mtundu. Ichi ndi zolinga zonse G. R. Derzhavina mu ode "Felitsa". Felitsa - wamoyo mulungu pa dziko zikutsimikiziridwa ndi Vesi lomaliza. Iwo ali ozadzidwa ndi matamando, ndi n'zosadabwitsa kuti Mfumukazi tinali ndi misozi kuwerenga nkhani imeneyi.

amajambulapo maluwa okongola Oriental mu ode ndi

Anamanga kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto a ode "Felitsa" pa kum'mawa nthano, lolembedwa ndi mfumu kwambiri, Derzhavin anapereka kukoma ake kalelo. Lili Lentyag, Grumpy, Mirza Khan, mwana wamkazi Khan a, Mfumukazi a Mulungu. Izi amalenga wapadera "kukoma" kapena zachilendo Russian prose kapena ndakatulo. Komanso, ndi kupanga chinthu ndakatulo mfumu, wolemba ndakatulo analemba ode chiyamiko, ndi pa nthawi yofanana ndi ntchito satirical. Izi zipangitsa khalidwe la ode Gabriel Derzhavin "Felitsa". Iye ni mmodzi wa alakatuli loyamba anayamba kupeza chuma latsopano la mawu amoyo mabuku, mmodzi wa anthu amene ntchito si woyenera mu chimango cha chiphunzitso cha masitaelo atatu.