Genrih Gerts: yonena, asayansi atulukira

Mu mbiri yonse ya sayansi apeza zinthu zambiri. Komabe, ochepa a iwo, ife nawo tsiku lililonse. Sikutheka kuti aganizire moyo wamakono popanda amene anapanga Gerts Genrih Rudolf.

Izi sayansi German, anali tate wa mphamvu ndi kutsimikizira kuti dziko kuli mafunde mu atomu. Ndi kuyamika kafukufuku ake, timagwiritsa ntchito TV ndi wailesi, zomwe akhazikika mu moyo wa munthu aliyense.

banja

Genrih Gerts anabadwa pa 02/22/1857 atate wake - Gustav - chikhalidwe cha ntchito zawo anali wazamalamulo, pambuyo kuwuka kwa Hamburg mzinda aphungu, imene banja moyo. mayi a Calvin - Betty August. Anali mwana wa anayambitsa wotchuka banki Cologne. M'pofunikanso kuti bungwe limeneli adakali logwirira ntchito Germany. Henry anali woyamba Betty ndi Gustav. Kenako, banja anabwera anyamata atatu ndi mtsikana wina.

masiku School

Monga mwana, Genrih Gerts anali mnyamata ofooka ndi odwaladwala. Ndicho chifukwa chake sanali masewera panja ndi thupi. Koma Henry ndi khama kuwerenga mabuku osiyanasiyana ndi kuphunzira zilankhulo. Zonsezi zinathandiza kuti maphunziro a pamtima. Pali mfundo chidwi yonena za wasayansi m'tsogolo, amanena kuti mnyamata anatha paokha kuphunzira Arabic ndi Chisansikiriti.

Makolo adakhulupirira kuti woyamba kubadwa onetsetsani kuti loya, awo m'mene wapita ku mapazi a bambo wake. mnyamatayo anapatsidwa Hamburg School. Apo iye anali kuphunzira malamulo. Komabe, pa chimodzi cha kuchuluka kwa akuphunzira kusukulu anayamba kupereka makalasi mu sayansi. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zofuna za Henry atasinthiratu. Mwamwayi, makolo ake sanali amaumirira kuona mlanduwo malamulo. Iwo analola kuti mwanayu kupeza maitanidwe mmoyo, ndipo anasamutsira iye ochitira masewera a. Kumapeto kwa mlungu, Henry anaphunzira ku sukulu ya Timatheriyali. A Nthawi zambiri mnyamata anakhala zojambula wake, kuphunzira ukalipentala. Monga sukulu, iye anayamba koma- loyamba kulenga zida ndi zida phunziro la zochitika thupi. Zonsezi anasonyeza kuti mwana akuthamanga chidziwitso.

studentship

Mu 1875, Genrih Gerts inalandira satifiketi matriculation. Izi anam'patsa kulowa yunivesite. Mu 1875 anasamukira ku Dresden, kumene anakhala wophunzira zaumisiri College. Poyamba, kuphunzira bungwe ili ankakonda mnyamata. Komabe, posakhalitsa Genrih Gerts anazindikira kuti ntchito katswiri wa - sizinali kuyitanidwa kwake. Mphale ule sukulu ndipo anapita Munich, kumene iye anavomereza mwachindunji mu chaka chachiwiri yunivesite.

Njira sayansi

Monga wophunzira, Henry anayamba wofuna kufufuza. Koma posakhalitsa mnyamata anazindikira kuti kudziwa zopezera yunivesite ichi si kokwanira. N'chifukwa chake, adalandira dipuloma, anasamukira ku Berlin. Pano, likulu la Germany, Heinrich anayamba kuphunzira pa yunivesite ndipo ndinayamba ntchito ntchito yothandiza mu zasayansi Germana Gelmgoltsa. Izi ndi sayansi yaikulu ya nthawi anaona mnyamata walunthayu. Posachedwa pakati pa iwo anakhazikitsa ubwenzi wabwino, umene pambuyo pake anaphatikizidwa osati ubwenzi komanso mogwirizana ndi sayansi.

digiri digirii

Motsogozedwa ndi wasayansi wotchuka hedzi kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa kwake ndipo anakhala katswiri anazindikira m'munda wa electrodynamics. Ndi malangizo amenewa, kenako atulukira lofunika immortalize dzina wasayansi lapansi.

Masiku amenewo sichinayambe kuphunzira kapena munda magetsi kapena maginito. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti pali madzi yosavuta. Iwo amati ndi inertia, umene wochititsa amabwera amapita magetsi.

Genrih Gerts imachitika zatsopano zambiri. Komabe, zotsatira zabwino mu chizindikiritso cha inertia poyamba anali sanalandire mwa iye. Komabe, mu 1879 pa kafukufuku wake, analandira mphoto ya University of Berlin. mphoto Izi watumikira monga chingatilimbikitse kwambiri kuti tipitirize kafukufuku. Zotsatira za umboni wa hedzi kenako anapanga maziko a nkhani yolembedwa ndi. 5. 02.1880 chitetezo chake chinali chiyambi cha ntchito ya sayansi, amene pa nthawi anakwaniritsidwa kwa zaka 32. Hedzi korona digiri digirii, dipuloma cha kutsiriza kwa University Berlin ulemu.

Buku zasayansi mwini

Genrih Gerts, amene yonena monga wasayansi sinathe chitetezo cha zolemba pamaphunziro, pakuti nthawi, anapitiriza maphunziro ake ongolankhula mu Institute of Physics, yomwe ili pa University of Berlin. Komabe, ndinazindikira kuti anali ambiri kuyambira kukopa zatsopano.

Mu 1883, pa umboni wa Helmholtz wamng'ono wasayansi analandira positi latsopano. Iye anakhala pulofesa wothandizira ku Kiel. zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo udindowu, Herz analimbikitsidwa ndi Professor wa Physics, anayamba ntchito yake mu mzinda wa Karlsruhe, kumene kunali Apamwamba zaumisiri School. Hedzi ndi nthawi yoyamba analandira experimental zake zasayansi, zomwe ufulu kulenga ndi luso kuthana ndi mayesero ake chidwi. The malangizo waukulu wa sayansi wakhala munda wa kafukufuku mofulumira oscillations magetsi. Awa anali mafunso kuti hedzi ntchito, ali wophunzira.

Mu Karlsruhe Henry anakwatiwa. mkazi wake Elizabeti anakhala zidole.

Kupeza umboni wa asayansi atulukira

Ngakhale ukwati, wasayansi Genrih Gerts sanasiye ntchito zawo. Iye anapitiriza kuchita phunziro la inertia. Mu kafukufuku wa sayansi zinali zochokera hedzi chiphunzitso atapereka ndi Maxwell, malinga ndi zimene mathamangidwe wa mphepo akhale ofanana ndi kuwala kumayendera. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1886 mpaka 1889. Hedzi imachitika zatsopano zambiri umenewu. Chifukwa, wasayansi watsimikizira kuli mafunde mu atomu.

Ngakhale kuti mayesero awo sayansi wamng'ono ntchito zida wosazindikira, iye anali kupeza zotsatira zoopsa ndithu. Ntchito hedzi anakhala osati chitsimikiziro cha kukhalapo mafunde mu atomu. Asayansi apeza ndi liwiro kafalitsidwe awo, refraction ndi kusinkhasinkha.

Genrih Gerts, kutsegula kwa amene anapanga maziko a electrodynamics ano, walandira nambala yaikulu mphoto zosiyanasiyana ntchito yake. Pakati pawo:
- Baumgartner linapereka, anapereka kwa Vienna Academy;
- Zikho. Matteucci, anapereka kwa Society of Sciences ku Italy;
- Prize wa Paris Academy of Sciences;
- Japanese Order ya Wopatulika Treasure.

Komanso, ife tonse tikudziwa hedzi - unit wa pafupipafupi chikutchedwa upainiya wotchuka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Henry membala lolingana wa maphunziro a sayansi ya Rome, Berlin, Munich ndi Vienna. Anthu anapezazo, amene anapanga wasayansi, moona kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti Genrih Gerts anatulukira, zoyambitsidwa, monga mafoni wanthambo, wailesi ndi televizioni, anadzakhala zotheka kwa anthu. Ndipo lero, popanda iwo sikutheka kuti aganizire miyoyo yathu. A hedzi - gulu la muyeso bwino kuti aliyense wa ife ku sukulu.

Kupezeka kwa zotsatira photoelectric

Popeza 1887, asayansi anayamba kusintha maganizo awo ongolankhula mmene kuwala. Ndipo izo zinachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku Genriha Gertsa. Kupyolera mu ntchito ndi M'mimbamo lotseguka, wasayansi wotchuka, ananena kuti pamene kuunikiridwa ndi mafyuzi kuwala kwambiri ntchito ndime ya mphanvu pakati pawo. Amenewa chithunzi wakhala bwino ayesedwe ndi Russian wasayansi A. G. Stoletovym mu 1888-1890 gg. Anapeza kuti zodabwitsazi chifukwa cha kuchotsa kuchokera pamalo zitsulo magetsi zoipa chifukwa kukhudzana ndi kuwala ultraviolet.

Genrih Gerts - ndi wasayansi, anatulukira chodabwitsa (zinali kenaka anafotokoza Albertom Eynshteynom), lomwe lero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito luso. Choncho, zotsatira photoelectric potengera zochita za photocells, kupyolera amene ali imathandiza popanga magetsi dzuwa. makina onga makamaka okhudzidwa mawu a danga, komwe kulibe zina mphamvu. Komanso ndi thandizo la maselo dzuwa ndi filimu ndi ankaimba kumbuyo mawu. Ndipo si onse.

Masiku ano, asayansi kuphatikiza maselo dzuwa ndi kulandirana, amene kwachititsa kuti chilengedwe zosiyanasiyana "kuona" makina. zipangizozi amatha basi kutsegula ndi kutseka chitseko, zimitsani ndi kuyatsa nyali, zinthu mtundu, ndi zina zotero. D.

meteorology

Pofunika wa sayansi hedzi nthawi zonse ndinkachita chidwi kwambiri. Ngakhale kwambiri meteorology wasayansi ankafufuza, analemba nkhani zingapo zokhudza nkhaniyi. Izi zinali imene anagwira Berlin sayansi Helmholtz wothandizira. Komanso, maphunziro akhala akufufuza ndi hedzi pa evaporation zakumwa, kutsimikiza katundu pansi kusintha adiabatic mpweya lonyowa yokonza zipangizo zatsopano zachiwerewere ndi hygrometer.

zimango kukhudzana

Wotchuka kwambiri hedzi anabweretsa kufufuza mu electrodynamics. Mu 1881-1882 gg. Katswiri pa nkhani ziwiri pa mutu okonzera kukhudzana. Ntchito imeneyi inali yofunika kwambiri. Zinachititsa muzotsatira, zonse zochokera pa mfundo zachikhalidwe cha elasticity ndi popitilira zimango. Akutukuka chiphunzitso chimenechi hedzi anati kwa Newton mphete amene anapanga poika pa galasi dera mandala. Pakali pano, mfundo imeneyi penapake ndikusinthidwa, ndipo akuchokera onse alipo kutengerapo kukhudzana chitsanzo cha mu ulosi wa magawo nanosdvigov.

Kuthetheka wailesi hedzi

Kutulukira uyu anali wasayansi kalambulabwalo dipole mlongoti. Radio hedzi wakhala kulengedwa kuchokera limodzi nayenso inductor ndi capacitor wa ozungulira, amene atsala kusiyana mphanvu mpweya. chipangizo anaikidwa mu bokosi sayansi wopulukira. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti bwino kuona mphamvu. Komabe, zimenezi Genriha Gertsa Zaoneka kuti mphanvu bokosi ali yafupika. Kenako wasayansi anachotsa pane cha galasi anaikidwa pakati pa wolandila ndi gwero la mafunde mu atomu. kutalika kwa mphanvu nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa zodabwitsazi, hedzi analibe nthawi kuti ndifotokoze.

Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha sayansi, asayansi atulukira akhala bwino bwino kwa anthu ena ndipo anakhala maziko a kubadwa kwa "nthaŵi opanda zingwe." Ambiri, zatsopano onse anafotokoza hedzi mu atomu kugawanika, refraction, kusinkhasinkha, kulowerera, komanso liwiro, amene kuonetsa mafunde mu atomu.

zotsatira mtengo

Mu 1892, pa maziko a zatsopano awo hedzi anasonyeza Ndime kunyezimira cathode kupyolera zojambulazo athilako wa zitsulo. Izi "mtengo zotsatira" anali mokwanira ankafufuza ndi wophunzira wa sayansi yaikulu Filipom Lenardom. Iye anayamba chiphunzitso cha chubu cathode ndi kuphunzira malowedwe a X-ray zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi inakhala maziko a kuyambitsa chachikulu, chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito lero. Zinali atulukira X-ray, anakonza ntchito chiphunzitso mu atomu kuwala.

The pokumbukira wasayansi wamkulu

Mu 1892, hedzi zowawa migraine kwambiri, kenako anapezeka ndi matenda. Maphunziro opareshoni kangapo, kuyesera kuchotsa matenda. Komabe, pa usinkhu wa zaka sate-sikisi Gerts Genrih Rudolf anafa poyizoni m'magazi. wotchuka wa sayansi ntchito pa ntchito yake "Mfundo Makina ananena mu Chatsopano Kulumikiza" masiku otsiriza kwambiri. M'buku lino hedzi anayesa momveka bwino anapeza, pezani njira zina kuphunzira zochitika magetsi.

Atamwalira ntchito wasayansi anali atamaliza wokonzedwera kwa buku Germanom Gelmgoltsem. Mu oyamba bukuli, iye anatchula mfundo yakuti hedzi anali aluso ambiri mwa ophunzira ake, ndi kuti anatsegula pambuyo kudziwa chitukuko cha sayansi. mawu awa anali ulosi. Chidwi asayansi atulukira anaonekera kwa ofufuza kale zaka zingapo pambuyo pa imfa yake. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 20 zochokera ntchito hedzi anayamba kukhala pafupifupi m'madera onse a sayansi amakono.

Mu 1925, chifukwa atulukira malamulo a kugunda kwa ma elekitironi ndi atomu wasayansi anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Ine ndiri mphwake iye, wasayansi wamkulu - Gustav Ludwig hedzi. Mu 1930, bungwe la International Electrotechnical Commission anatengera latsopano unit wa kachitidwe kayesedwe. Anakhala hedzi (Hz). pafupipafupi Izi logwirizana ndi chimodzi nthawi ya oscillation lachiwiri lina.

Mu 1969 pa dera la East Germany kumanga chikumbutso kwa iwo. H. hedzi. Mu 1987, Mendulo ndi chinakhazikitsidwa ndi Heinrich hedzi IEEE. mphoto yake pachaka anapanga zinthu zazikulu m'munda wa kuyesera ndi chiphunzitso ndi mafunde palibe. Polemekeza hedzi otchedwa ngakhale Chigwa mwezi kuti ili kumbuyo m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa thupi lakumwamba.